The Experts below are selected from a list of 57 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jianhua Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Theoretical analysis of three Methods for calculating thermal insulation of clothing from thermal manikin.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2012Co-Authors: Jianhua HuangAbstract:: There are three Methods for calculating thermal insulation of clothing measured with a thermal manikin, i.e. the global Method, the Serial Method, and the parallel Method. Under the condition of homogeneous clothing insulation, these three Methods yield the same insulation values. If the local heat flux is uniform over the manikin body, the global and Serial Methods provide the same insulation value. In most cases, the Serial Method gives a higher insulation value than the global Method. There is a possibility that the insulation value from the Serial Method is lower than the value from the global Method. The Serial Method always gives higher insulation value than the parallel Method. The insulation value from the parallel Method is higher or lower than the value from the global Method, depending on the relationship between the heat loss distribution and the surface temperatures. Under the circumstance of uniform surface temperature distribution over the manikin body, the global and parallel Methods give the same insulation value. If the constant surface temperature mode is used in the manikin test, the parallel Method can be used to calculate the thermal insulation of clothing. If the constant heat flux mode is used in the manikin test, the Serial Method can be used to calculate the thermal insulation of clothing. The global Method should be used for calculating thermal insulation of clothing for all manikin control modes, especially for thermal comfort regulation mode. The global Method should be chosen by clothing manufacturers for labelling their products. The Serial and parallel Methods provide more information with respect to the different parts of clothing.
Virgilio A M Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic clothing insulation measurements with a thermal manikin operating under the thermal comfort regulation mode
Applied Ergonomics, 2011Co-Authors: Virgilio A M Oliveira, Adelio Rodrigues Gaspar, Divo A QuintelaAbstract:Abstract The main objective of the present work is the assessment of the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles, both in static conditions and considering the effect of body movements. The different equations used to calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of the whole body, namely the Serial, the global and the parallel Methods, are considered and the results are presented and discussed for the basic, the effective and the total clothing insulations. The results show that the dynamic thermal insulation values are always lower than the corresponding static ones. The highest mean relative difference [(static-dynamic)/static] was obtained with the parallel Method and the lowest with the Serial. For Icl the mean relative differences varied from 0.5 to 13.4% with the Serial Method, from 5.6 to 14.6% with the global and from 7.2 to 17.7% with the parallel Method. In addition, the dynamic tests presents the higher mean relative differences between the calculation Methods. The results also show that the Serial Method always presents the higher values and the parallel Method the lowest ones. The relative differences between the calculation Methods {[(Serial-global)/global] and [(parallel-global)/global]} were sometimes significant and associated to the non-uniform distribution of the clothing insulation. In fact, the ensembles with the highest thermal insulation values present the highest differences between the calculation Methods.
Divo A Quintela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic clothing insulation measurements with a thermal manikin operating under the thermal comfort regulation mode
Applied Ergonomics, 2011Co-Authors: Virgilio A M Oliveira, Adelio Rodrigues Gaspar, Divo A QuintelaAbstract:Abstract The main objective of the present work is the assessment of the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles, both in static conditions and considering the effect of body movements. The different equations used to calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of the whole body, namely the Serial, the global and the parallel Methods, are considered and the results are presented and discussed for the basic, the effective and the total clothing insulations. The results show that the dynamic thermal insulation values are always lower than the corresponding static ones. The highest mean relative difference [(static-dynamic)/static] was obtained with the parallel Method and the lowest with the Serial. For Icl the mean relative differences varied from 0.5 to 13.4% with the Serial Method, from 5.6 to 14.6% with the global and from 7.2 to 17.7% with the parallel Method. In addition, the dynamic tests presents the higher mean relative differences between the calculation Methods. The results also show that the Serial Method always presents the higher values and the parallel Method the lowest ones. The relative differences between the calculation Methods {[(Serial-global)/global] and [(parallel-global)/global]} were sometimes significant and associated to the non-uniform distribution of the clothing insulation. In fact, the ensembles with the highest thermal insulation values present the highest differences between the calculation Methods.
Adelio Rodrigues Gaspar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic clothing insulation measurements with a thermal manikin operating under the thermal comfort regulation mode
Applied Ergonomics, 2011Co-Authors: Virgilio A M Oliveira, Adelio Rodrigues Gaspar, Divo A QuintelaAbstract:Abstract The main objective of the present work is the assessment of the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles, both in static conditions and considering the effect of body movements. The different equations used to calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of the whole body, namely the Serial, the global and the parallel Methods, are considered and the results are presented and discussed for the basic, the effective and the total clothing insulations. The results show that the dynamic thermal insulation values are always lower than the corresponding static ones. The highest mean relative difference [(static-dynamic)/static] was obtained with the parallel Method and the lowest with the Serial. For Icl the mean relative differences varied from 0.5 to 13.4% with the Serial Method, from 5.6 to 14.6% with the global and from 7.2 to 17.7% with the parallel Method. In addition, the dynamic tests presents the higher mean relative differences between the calculation Methods. The results also show that the Serial Method always presents the higher values and the parallel Method the lowest ones. The relative differences between the calculation Methods {[(Serial-global)/global] and [(parallel-global)/global]} were sometimes significant and associated to the non-uniform distribution of the clothing insulation. In fact, the ensembles with the highest thermal insulation values present the highest differences between the calculation Methods.
Ingvar Holmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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parallel and Serial Methods of calculating thermal insulation in european manikin standards
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2012Co-Authors: Kalev Kuklane, Chuansi Gao, Faming Wang, Ingvar HolmerAbstract:Standard No. EN 15831:2004 provides 2 Methods of calculating insulation: parallel and Serial. The parallel Method is similar to the global one defined in Standard No. ISO 9920:2007. Standards No. EN 342:2004, EN 14058:2004 and EN 13537:2002 refer to the Methods defined in Standard No. EN ISO 15831:2004 for testing cold protective clothing or equipment. However, it is necessary to consider several issues, e.g., referring to measuring human subjects, when using the Serial Method. With one zone, there is no Serial-parallel issue as the results are the same, while more zones increase the difference in insulation value between the Methods. If insulation is evenly distributed, differences between the Serial and parallel Method are relatively small and proportional. However, with more insulation layers overlapping in heavy cold protective ensembles, the Serial Method produces higher insulation values than the parallel one and human studies. Therefore, the parallel Method is recommended for standard testing.
