The Experts below are selected from a list of 44205 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter W Kalivas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Circuitry Mediating Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement of Drug- Seeking Behavior
2013Co-Authors: Krista Mcfarl, Peter W KalivasAbstract:The role of limbic-striato-pallidal Circuitry in cocaine-induced reinstatement was evaluated. The transient inhibition of brain nuclei associated with motor systems [including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC), core of the nucleus accumbens (NAcore), and ventral pallidum (VP)] prevented cocaine-induced reinstatement. However, only the VP proved to be necessary for food reinstatement, suggesting that the identified Circuit is specific to drug-related reinstatement. Supporting the possibility that the VTA–dPFC–NAcore–VP is a Series Circuit mediating reinstatement, simultaneous unilateral microinjection of GABA agonists into the dPFC in one hemisphere and into the VP in the contralateral hemisphere abolished cocaine reinstatement. Although dopamine projections from the VTA innervate all three forebrain nuclei, the blockade of dopamine receptors only in the dPFC antagonized cocaine-induced reinstatement. Furthermore, DA administration into the dPFC was sufficient to elicit a reinstatement in drug-related responding. These data demonstrate that dopamine release in the dPFC initiates a dPFC–NAcore–VP Series Circuit that mediates cocaine-induced drug-seeking behavior. Key words: cocaine; dopamine; glutamate; self-administration; craving; reinstatement One of the most insidious problems associated with chronic drug use is the tendency for users to relapse even after extended periods of drugs abstinence. Many types of stimuli can increase reports of craving and subsequent relapse in drug addicts, including reexposure to the drug itself, stress, and cocaine-associated cues (Jaffe et al., 1989; Childress et al., 1999), and animal reinstatement models of drug-seeking behavior have been established to evaluate the neurobiology of reinstatement and relapse (Shaha
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the Circuitry mediating cocaine induced reinstatement of drug seeking behavior
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2001Co-Authors: Krista Mcfarland, Peter W KalivasAbstract:The role of limbic-striato-pallidal Circuitry in cocaine-induced reinstatement was evaluated. The transient inhibition of brain nuclei associated with motor systems [including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC), core of the nucleus accumbens (NAcore), and ventral pallidum (VP)] prevented cocaine-induced reinstatement. However, only the VP proved to be necessary for food reinstatement, suggesting that the identified Circuit is specific to drug-related reinstatement. Supporting the possibility that the VTA–dPFC–NAcore–VP is a Series Circuit mediating reinstatement, simultaneous unilateral microinjection of GABA agonists into the dPFC in one hemisphere and into the VP in the contralateral hemisphere abolished cocaine reinstatement. Although dopamine projections from the VTA innervate all three forebrain nuclei, the blockade of dopamine receptors only in the dPFC antagonized cocaine-induced reinstatement. Furthermore, DA administration into the dPFC was sufficient to elicit a reinstatement in drug-related responding. These data demonstrate that dopamine release in the dPFC initiates a dPFC–NAcore–VP Series Circuit that mediates cocaine-induced drug-seeking behavior.
Reşat Mutlu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solution of tio _ 2 memristor capacitor Series Circuit excited by a constant voltage source and its application to calculate operation frequency of a programmable tio _ 2 memristor capacitor relaxation oscillator
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Reşat MutluAbstract:The memristor is a new-found Circuit element and its applications in programmable Circuits are also under study. Analysis of most of its combinations with other Circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors does not exist. In this work, a TiO$_{2}$ memristor model with linear dopant drift speed is used and the solution of a TiO$_{2}$ memristor and capacitor Series Circuit driven by a constant voltage source is given. It is then used to analyze a novel M-C oscillator Circuit. In previous programmable oscillator studies, the memristance of the oscillator was assumed to be constant. However, in this study, the analysis of the M-C oscillator is done considering time-varying memristance and using the solution of the TiO$_{2}$ memristor and capacitor Series Circuit supplied by a constant voltage. In this work, a formula for calculation of the exact value of the M-C oscillator frequency is given. Minimum and maximum operation frequencies of the oscillator are also calculated.
Behrooz Bahrani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Bidirectional Series Z-Source Circuit Breaker
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018Co-Authors: Daniel Joseph Ryan, Hugh Duffy Torresan, Behrooz BahraniAbstract:A Z-source Series Circuit breaker topology, which allows bidirectional power flow and has the ability to autonomously disconnect dc faults, is introduced. This topology allows current flow in the forward and reverse directions through the use of a diode bridge. The diode bridge allows response to faults on either the source or load side with only a single controlled switch. No additional passive components are required when compared with the unidirectional Series Z-source Circuit breaker topology. Analysis is performed to find the fault conditions that cause the bidirectional Circuit breaker to trip when operating in a single-load power system. Then, using the simulation platform MATLAB/Simulink, operation of the bidirectional Circuit breaker is evaluated for both source- and load-side faults. To experimentally validate the findings, an experimental prototype has been implemented. This prototype is used to confirm the Circuit breaker's function in both the forward and reverse directions in addition to its response to source-side faults.
Jongheop Yi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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all solid state origami type foldable supercapacitor chips with integrated Series Circuit analogues
Energy and Environmental Science, 2014Co-Authors: Soomin Park, Jongheop YiAbstract:Patterning-assembly technology for energy storage systems can be a breakthrough for physicochemically limited energy storage systems. In this study, a concept of design with experimental proof is provided for an all-solid-state origami-type foldable supercapacitor by a novel patterning approach. The proposed system is composed of periodically assembled isolated electrodes (IEs) and sectionalized ion transferring paper (SITP), which are key factors for the densely packed Series Circuit analogues in the single system. The system shows a linear relationship between the potential window and the number of IEs, which does not have any limited asymptotic line. This system could increase energy and power simultaneously, which was conventionally not possible. Also, its folding characteristics accommodate highly stable stretching. These characteristics are proven by simulations based on ab-initio calculations and the finite-element method.
Daniel Joseph Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Bidirectional Series Z-Source Circuit Breaker
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018Co-Authors: Daniel Joseph Ryan, Hugh Duffy Torresan, Behrooz BahraniAbstract:A Z-source Series Circuit breaker topology, which allows bidirectional power flow and has the ability to autonomously disconnect dc faults, is introduced. This topology allows current flow in the forward and reverse directions through the use of a diode bridge. The diode bridge allows response to faults on either the source or load side with only a single controlled switch. No additional passive components are required when compared with the unidirectional Series Z-source Circuit breaker topology. Analysis is performed to find the fault conditions that cause the bidirectional Circuit breaker to trip when operating in a single-load power system. Then, using the simulation platform MATLAB/Simulink, operation of the bidirectional Circuit breaker is evaluated for both source- and load-side faults. To experimentally validate the findings, an experimental prototype has been implemented. This prototype is used to confirm the Circuit breaker's function in both the forward and reverse directions in addition to its response to source-side faults.
