Serological Surveys

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Gh. Savuta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • West Nile virus reemergence in Romania, a serologic survey in host species WNV animal screening results in Romania
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elena Luanda Ludu(oslobanu), Alin Mihu Pintilie, Anita Dragos, Anita Adriana, Sylvie Lecollinet, Gh. Savuta
    Abstract:

    West Nile virus presence in humans was signalled in Romania since the 50’s and the 1996 epidemics added new and more documented data of ait reemergence in the country. This study comes as a necessity to make more visible the results of Serological Surveys made on susceptible species, known as good sentinels and reservoir hosts. We present data from Serological Surveys conducted in the interval 2006-2011 intervals. These results correlated with other studies in animals and humans, should partially clarify the emergence of West Nile virus in the eastern rural territories of Romania and the possibility of a real endemisation of the infection, underlying certain risk zones in the country.

  • West Nile Virus reemergence in Romania: a serologic survey in host species
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elena Luanda Ludu (oslobanu), Alin Mihu Pintilie, Sylvie Lecollinet, Dragos Anita, Adriana Anita, Gh. Savuta
    Abstract:

    The presence of West Nile virus (WNV) in humans has been known in Romania since the 1950s; the 1996 epidemics emphasized the reemergence potential of WNV in Romania. Serological Surveys made on susceptible species, known as good sentinels or reservoir hosts, e.g., horses, wild and domestic birds were undertaken from 2006-2011. Our results corroborated incidence data in human patients and other recent seroprevalence studies in animals, and should partially clarify the emergence of WNV in the eastern rural territories of Romania. It also highlighted risk zones for endemic WNV infection in Romania.

Alin Mihu Pintilie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • West Nile virus reemergence in Romania, a serologic survey in host species WNV animal screening results in Romania
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elena Luanda Ludu(oslobanu), Alin Mihu Pintilie, Anita Dragos, Anita Adriana, Sylvie Lecollinet, Gh. Savuta
    Abstract:

    West Nile virus presence in humans was signalled in Romania since the 50’s and the 1996 epidemics added new and more documented data of ait reemergence in the country. This study comes as a necessity to make more visible the results of Serological Surveys made on susceptible species, known as good sentinels and reservoir hosts. We present data from Serological Surveys conducted in the interval 2006-2011 intervals. These results correlated with other studies in animals and humans, should partially clarify the emergence of West Nile virus in the eastern rural territories of Romania and the possibility of a real endemisation of the infection, underlying certain risk zones in the country.

  • West Nile Virus reemergence in Romania: a serologic survey in host species
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elena Luanda Ludu (oslobanu), Alin Mihu Pintilie, Sylvie Lecollinet, Dragos Anita, Adriana Anita, Gh. Savuta
    Abstract:

    The presence of West Nile virus (WNV) in humans has been known in Romania since the 1950s; the 1996 epidemics emphasized the reemergence potential of WNV in Romania. Serological Surveys made on susceptible species, known as good sentinels or reservoir hosts, e.g., horses, wild and domestic birds were undertaken from 2006-2011. Our results corroborated incidence data in human patients and other recent seroprevalence studies in animals, and should partially clarify the emergence of WNV in the eastern rural territories of Romania. It also highlighted risk zones for endemic WNV infection in Romania.

Sylvie Lecollinet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • West Nile virus reemergence in Romania, a serologic survey in host species WNV animal screening results in Romania
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elena Luanda Ludu(oslobanu), Alin Mihu Pintilie, Anita Dragos, Anita Adriana, Sylvie Lecollinet, Gh. Savuta
    Abstract:

    West Nile virus presence in humans was signalled in Romania since the 50’s and the 1996 epidemics added new and more documented data of ait reemergence in the country. This study comes as a necessity to make more visible the results of Serological Surveys made on susceptible species, known as good sentinels and reservoir hosts. We present data from Serological Surveys conducted in the interval 2006-2011 intervals. These results correlated with other studies in animals and humans, should partially clarify the emergence of West Nile virus in the eastern rural territories of Romania and the possibility of a real endemisation of the infection, underlying certain risk zones in the country.

  • West Nile Virus reemergence in Romania: a serologic survey in host species
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elena Luanda Ludu (oslobanu), Alin Mihu Pintilie, Sylvie Lecollinet, Dragos Anita, Adriana Anita, Gh. Savuta
    Abstract:

    The presence of West Nile virus (WNV) in humans has been known in Romania since the 1950s; the 1996 epidemics emphasized the reemergence potential of WNV in Romania. Serological Surveys made on susceptible species, known as good sentinels or reservoir hosts, e.g., horses, wild and domestic birds were undertaken from 2006-2011. Our results corroborated incidence data in human patients and other recent seroprevalence studies in animals, and should partially clarify the emergence of WNV in the eastern rural territories of Romania. It also highlighted risk zones for endemic WNV infection in Romania.

Neil M Ferguson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of Serological Surveys to generate key insights into the changing global landscape of infectious disease
    The Lancet, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jessica C E Metcalf, Jeremy Farrar, Felicity T Cutts, Nicole E Basta, Andrea L Graham, Justin Lessler, Neil M Ferguson
    Abstract:

    A central conundrum in the study of infectious disease dynamics is to defi ne the landscape of population immunity. The proportion of individuals protected against a specifi c pathogen determines the timing and scale of outbreaks, and the pace of evolution for infections that can evade prevailing humoral immunity. Serological Surveys provide the most direct measurement to defi ne the immunity landscape for many infectious diseases, yet this methodology remains underexploited. To address this gap, we propose a World Serology Bank and associated major methodological developments in Serological testing, study design, and quantitative analysis, which could drive a step change in our understanding and optimum control of infectious diseases. Epidemic dynamics result from an interaction between the contagious spread of infection, the resulting depletion of population susceptibility, and its replenishment via births, immigration, or waning immunity. Understanding this interaction is key to assess the eff ect of vaccination, which artifi cially reduces the number of people susceptible to infection. Researchers mainly observe infection dynamics and the eff ect of population (or herd) immunity in limiting spread via surveillance of clinically apparent cases of infection or deaths. This method has led to some powerful insights; however, even in the simplest instances in which subclinical infection is uncommon, cases only provide information about the dynamics of infection. Susceptibility and immunity are hidden variables. For infections that people can be completely immunised against, such as measles, susceptible reconstruction can be used to estimate immune profi les, but infection prevalence and vaccination coverage records are frequently inadequate to capture key social and geographical heterogeneities. Additionally, inference is weakened if the risk of infection is low. Serological Surveys (usually used to quantify the proportion of people positive for a specifi c antibody or, better yet, the titre or concentrations of an antibody) are potentially the most direct and informative technique available to infer the dynamics of a population’s susceptibility and level of immunity. However, the use of current Serological tests varies greatly depending on type of pathogens and there are major methodological gaps in some areas for some pathogens and tests. In terms of use of current Serological methods, infections can be classifi ed into four broad groups (appendix). The fi rst group contains acute immunising, antigenically stable pathogens (eg, measles, rubella, and smallpox) for which serology provides a strong signal of lifetime protection and a clear marker of past infection (or vaccination). The second group contains immunising, but antigenically variable pathogens (eg, infl uenza, invasive bacterial diseases, and dengue). Despite complexities (appendix), serology in some cases can provide powerful evidence, both for vaccine formulation and pandemic planning. A serum bank would have been extremely useful in interpretation of the unusual profi le of susceptibility associated with age in the 2009 infl uenza pandemic. For these fi rst two groups, if suitable serum banks existed, the deployment of current Serological tests could have helped to clarify the association between Serological profi les and protective immunity. The third group includes infections for which infectioninduced antibodies are not thought to be protective, such as tuberculosis in which the targets of the immune response vary with stage of infection; malaria, whereby infected erythrocytes generate several antibodies whose individual importance has not been fully elucidated (and might indicate exposure rather than protection); and HIV. Although antibodies might not be representative of immunity against a pathogen, they do show current or previous infection. Finally, the last broad grouping consists of infections that do not lead to reliably sustained, measurable antibody responses or for which presence of specifi c antibodies do not correlate with protection from future infection. These include many enteric infections and the human papillomavirus. In these cases, Serological data can nonetheless be valuable to assess a population’s coverage of vaccine programmes if vaccination leads to long-lasting antibody responses. In the context of public health, for immunisation against group one infections, vaccination programmes aim to protect vaccinated individuals and indirectly protect unvaccinated individuals by maintaining high population immunity. If a valid correlate of immunity is measurable in sera, Serological Surveys could be used to identify population subgroups in which immunity is low, or even to identify individuals in whom immunity has waned, and directly inform targeted vaccination strategies (appendix). Household Surveys are a major source of data for vaccination coverage in low-income countries. The recent extension of eff orts to measure biomarkers for infections such as HIV (eg, the Demographic Health Surveys) could provide infrastructure for sera collection for an expanded range of infections, thus leveraging an existing platform. For many infections, however, to Lancet 2016; 388: 728–30

  • yellow fever in africa estimating the burden of disease and impact of mass vaccination from outbreak and Serological data
    PLOS Medicine, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tini Garske, Maria D Van Kerkhove, Sergio Yactayo, Olivier Ronveaux, Rosamund F Lewis, Erin J Staples, William Perea, Neil M Ferguson
    Abstract:

    Background: Yellow fever is a vector-borne disease affecting humans and non-human primates in tropical areas of Africa and South America. While eradication is not feasible due to the wildlife reservoir, large scale vaccination activities in Africa during the 1940s to 1960s reduced yellow fever incidence for several decades. However, after a period of low vaccination coverage, yellow fever has resurged in the continent. Since 2006 there has been substantial funding for large preventive mass vaccination campaigns in the most affected countries in Africa to curb the rising burden of disease and control future outbreaks. Contemporary estimates of the yellow fever disease burden are lacking, and the present study aimed to update the previous estimates on the basis of more recent yellow fever occurrence data and improved estimation methods. Methods and Findings: Generalised linear regression models were fitted to a dataset of the locations of yellow fever outbreaks within the last 25 years to estimate the probability of outbreak reports across the endemic zone. Environmental variables and indicators for the surveillance quality in the affected countries were used as covariates. By comparing probabilities of outbreak reports estimated in the regression with the force of infection estimated for a limited set of locations for which Serological Surveys were available, the detection probability per case and the force of infection were estimated across the endemic zone. The yellow fever burden in Africa was estimated for the year 2013 as 130,000 (95% CI 51,000–380,000) cases with fever and jaundice or haemorrhage including 78,000 (95% CI 19,000–180,000) deaths, taking into account the current level of vaccination coverage. The impact of the recent mass vaccination campaigns was assessed by evaluating the difference between the estimates obtained for the current vaccination coverage and for a hypothetical scenario excluding these vaccination campaigns. Vaccination campaigns were estimated to have reduced the number of cases and deaths by 27% (95% CI 22%–31%) across the region, achieving up to an 82% reduction in countries targeted by these campaigns. A limitation of our study is the high level of uncertainty in our estimates arising from the sparseness of data available from both surveillance and Serological Surveys. Conclusions: With the estimation method presented here, spatial estimates of transmission intensity can be combined with vaccination coverage levels to evaluate the impact of past or proposed vaccination campaigns, thereby helping to allocate resources efficiently for yellow fever control. This method has been used by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI Alliance) to estimate the potential impact of future vaccination campaigns. Please see later in the article for the Editors’ Summary.

Elena Luanda Ludu(oslobanu) - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • West Nile virus reemergence in Romania, a serologic survey in host species WNV animal screening results in Romania
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elena Luanda Ludu(oslobanu), Alin Mihu Pintilie, Anita Dragos, Anita Adriana, Sylvie Lecollinet, Gh. Savuta
    Abstract:

    West Nile virus presence in humans was signalled in Romania since the 50’s and the 1996 epidemics added new and more documented data of ait reemergence in the country. This study comes as a necessity to make more visible the results of Serological Surveys made on susceptible species, known as good sentinels and reservoir hosts. We present data from Serological Surveys conducted in the interval 2006-2011 intervals. These results correlated with other studies in animals and humans, should partially clarify the emergence of West Nile virus in the eastern rural territories of Romania and the possibility of a real endemisation of the infection, underlying certain risk zones in the country.