The Experts below are selected from a list of 26127 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christof Paar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dynamic Intellectual Property Protection for Reconfigurable Devices
2011Co-Authors: Tim Güneysu, Bodo Moller, Christof PaarAbstract:The distinct advantage of SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is their flexibility for configuration changes. However, this opens up the threat of theft of Intellectual Property (IP) since the system configuration is stored in easy-to-access Flash memory. To prevent this, high-end FPGAs have already been extended with symmetric-key decryption engines used to load an encrypted version of the configuration that cannot simply be copied and used without knowledge of the secret key. However, such protection systems based on straightforward use of symmetric cryptography are not well-suited with respect to business and licensing processes, since they are lacking a convenient scheme for key transport and installation. We propose a new protection scheme for the IP of circuits in configuration bit files that provides a significant improvement to the current unsatisfying situation. It uses both public-key and symmetric cryptography, but does not burden FPGAs with the usual overhead of public-key cryptography: While it needs hard-wired symmetric cryptography, the public-key functionality is moved into a temporary configuration bit stream for a one-time Setup Procedure. This approach requires only very few modifications to current FPGA technology. Using five basic stages, the new protection scheme allows new accounting models for volume licensing of IP, with automated key installation on FPGAs taking place at the customer’s site. Keywords: IP protection, secure configuration, FPGA, embedded securit
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dynamic intellectual property protection for reconfigurable devices
Field-Programmable Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Tim Güneysu, Bodo Moller, Christof PaarAbstract:The distinct advantage of SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is their flexibility for configuration changes. However, this opens up the threat of theft of Intellectual Property (IP) since the system configuration is stored in easy-to-access Flash memory. To prevent this, high-end FPGAs have already been extended with symmetric-key decryption engines used to load an encrypted version of the configuration that cannot simply be copied and used without knowledge of the secret key. However, such protection systems based on straightforward use of symmetric cryptography are not well-suited with respect to business and licensing processes, since they are lacking a convenient scheme for key transport and installation. We propose a new protection scheme for the IP of circuits in configuration bit files that provides a significant improvement to the current unsatisfying situation. It uses both public-key and symmetric cryptography, but does not burden FPGAs with the usual overhead of public-key cryptography: While it needs hard-wired symmetric cryptography, the public-key functionality is moved into a temporary configuration bit stream for a one-time Setup Procedure. This approach requires only very few modifications to current FPGA technology. Using five basic stages, the new protection scheme allows new accounting models for volume licensing of IP, with automated key installation on FPGAs taking place at the customer's site.
Shannon M Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can surface imaging improve the patient Setup for proton postmastectomy chest wall irradiation
Practical radiation oncology, 2016Co-Authors: E Batin, N Depauw, Shannon M MacdonaldAbstract:Abstract Purposes/Objectives For postmastectomy radiation therapy by proton beams, the usual bony landmark based radiograph Setup technique is indirect because the target volumes are generally superficial and far away from major bony structures. The surface imaging Setup technique of matching chest wall surface directly to treatment planning computed tomography was evaluated and compared to the traditional radiograph-based technique. Methods and materials Fifteen postmastectomy radiation therapy patients were included, with the first 5 patients positioned by standard radiograph-based technique; radiopaque makers, however, were added on the patient's skin surface to improve the relevance of the Setup. AlignRT was used to capture patient surface images at different time points along the process, with the calculated position corrections recorded but not applied. For the remaining 10 patients, the orthogonal x-ray imaging was replaced by the AlignRT Setup Procedure followed by a beamline radiograph at the treatment gantry angle only as confirmation. The position corrections recorded during all fractions for all patients (28-31 each) were analyzed to evaluate the Setup accuracy. The time spent on patient Setup and treatment delivery was also analyzed. Results The average position discrepancy over the treatment course relative to the planning computed tomography was significantly larger in the radiograph only group, particularly in translations (3.2 ± 2.0 mm in vertical, 3.1 ± 3.0 mm in longitudinal, 2.6 ± 2.5 mm in lateral), than AlignRT assisted group (1.3 ± 1.3 mm in vertical, 0.8 ± 1.2 mm in longitudinal, 1.5 ± 1.4 mm in lateral). The latter was well within the robustness limits (±3 mm) of the pencil beam scanning treatment established in our previous studies. The Setup time decreased from an average of 11 minutes using orthogonal x-rays to an average of 6 minutes using AlignRT surface imaging. Conclusions The use of surface imaging allows postmastectomy chest wall patients to be positioned more accurately and substantially more efficiently than radiograph only–based techniques.
M Bucciolini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a phantom evaluation of sentinel a commercial laser camera surface imaging system for patient Setup verification in radiotherapy
Medical Physics, 2012Co-Authors: S Pallotta, L Marrazzo, Marco Ceroti, Pierfrancesco Silli, M BuccioliniAbstract:Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of Sentinel™, a patient Setup verification device based on a laser/camera system, when used on rigid-body phantoms. Methods: The Sentinel system consists of a scanner unit, containing the laser and the camera, and surface-matching registration software. For the registration Procedure, both a computed tomography (CT) and a Sentinel image can be used as a reference. Tests were performed on phantoms using an Elekta Synergy® beam modulator Linac equipped with a cone beam CT (CBCT), a HexaPOD RT couch top, and an iViewGT portal imaging system. Experiments conducted in this study tested reproducibility of the Sentinel surface acquisition and of set-up Procedure, accuracy in quantifying known phantom mispositioning, and compared Sentinel, CBCT, and portal imaging system performance. Results: Reproducibility of surface acquisition and Setup Procedure was better than 0.5 mm and 0.5° and 1 mm and 0.4°, respectively. The system accuracy was better than 1 mm and 1° when a Sentinel image was used as reference. A global worsening of Sentinel performance was observed using as reference an external surface extracted from CT study. This effect is probably due to small differences in considered surfaces, caused by different imaging modalities. The results obtained by testing the system on rigid phantoms were comparable to those obtained using CBCT and better than those obtained with conventional portal imaging systems. Conclusions: The Sentinel Setup verification device is a reproducible and consistent system able to detect misalignments with accuracy better than 1 mm and 1°. When tested on rigid body phantoms, Sentinel and CBCT performed similarly. When compared to portal imaging, both Sentinel and CBCT were more accurate.
Tim Güneysu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dynamic Intellectual Property Protection for Reconfigurable Devices
2011Co-Authors: Tim Güneysu, Bodo Moller, Christof PaarAbstract:The distinct advantage of SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is their flexibility for configuration changes. However, this opens up the threat of theft of Intellectual Property (IP) since the system configuration is stored in easy-to-access Flash memory. To prevent this, high-end FPGAs have already been extended with symmetric-key decryption engines used to load an encrypted version of the configuration that cannot simply be copied and used without knowledge of the secret key. However, such protection systems based on straightforward use of symmetric cryptography are not well-suited with respect to business and licensing processes, since they are lacking a convenient scheme for key transport and installation. We propose a new protection scheme for the IP of circuits in configuration bit files that provides a significant improvement to the current unsatisfying situation. It uses both public-key and symmetric cryptography, but does not burden FPGAs with the usual overhead of public-key cryptography: While it needs hard-wired symmetric cryptography, the public-key functionality is moved into a temporary configuration bit stream for a one-time Setup Procedure. This approach requires only very few modifications to current FPGA technology. Using five basic stages, the new protection scheme allows new accounting models for volume licensing of IP, with automated key installation on FPGAs taking place at the customer’s site. Keywords: IP protection, secure configuration, FPGA, embedded securit
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dynamic intellectual property protection for reconfigurable devices
Field-Programmable Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Tim Güneysu, Bodo Moller, Christof PaarAbstract:The distinct advantage of SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is their flexibility for configuration changes. However, this opens up the threat of theft of Intellectual Property (IP) since the system configuration is stored in easy-to-access Flash memory. To prevent this, high-end FPGAs have already been extended with symmetric-key decryption engines used to load an encrypted version of the configuration that cannot simply be copied and used without knowledge of the secret key. However, such protection systems based on straightforward use of symmetric cryptography are not well-suited with respect to business and licensing processes, since they are lacking a convenient scheme for key transport and installation. We propose a new protection scheme for the IP of circuits in configuration bit files that provides a significant improvement to the current unsatisfying situation. It uses both public-key and symmetric cryptography, but does not burden FPGAs with the usual overhead of public-key cryptography: While it needs hard-wired symmetric cryptography, the public-key functionality is moved into a temporary configuration bit stream for a one-time Setup Procedure. This approach requires only very few modifications to current FPGA technology. Using five basic stages, the new protection scheme allows new accounting models for volume licensing of IP, with automated key installation on FPGAs taking place at the customer's site.
E Batin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can surface imaging improve the patient Setup for proton postmastectomy chest wall irradiation
Practical radiation oncology, 2016Co-Authors: E Batin, N Depauw, Shannon M MacdonaldAbstract:Abstract Purposes/Objectives For postmastectomy radiation therapy by proton beams, the usual bony landmark based radiograph Setup technique is indirect because the target volumes are generally superficial and far away from major bony structures. The surface imaging Setup technique of matching chest wall surface directly to treatment planning computed tomography was evaluated and compared to the traditional radiograph-based technique. Methods and materials Fifteen postmastectomy radiation therapy patients were included, with the first 5 patients positioned by standard radiograph-based technique; radiopaque makers, however, were added on the patient's skin surface to improve the relevance of the Setup. AlignRT was used to capture patient surface images at different time points along the process, with the calculated position corrections recorded but not applied. For the remaining 10 patients, the orthogonal x-ray imaging was replaced by the AlignRT Setup Procedure followed by a beamline radiograph at the treatment gantry angle only as confirmation. The position corrections recorded during all fractions for all patients (28-31 each) were analyzed to evaluate the Setup accuracy. The time spent on patient Setup and treatment delivery was also analyzed. Results The average position discrepancy over the treatment course relative to the planning computed tomography was significantly larger in the radiograph only group, particularly in translations (3.2 ± 2.0 mm in vertical, 3.1 ± 3.0 mm in longitudinal, 2.6 ± 2.5 mm in lateral), than AlignRT assisted group (1.3 ± 1.3 mm in vertical, 0.8 ± 1.2 mm in longitudinal, 1.5 ± 1.4 mm in lateral). The latter was well within the robustness limits (±3 mm) of the pencil beam scanning treatment established in our previous studies. The Setup time decreased from an average of 11 minutes using orthogonal x-rays to an average of 6 minutes using AlignRT surface imaging. Conclusions The use of surface imaging allows postmastectomy chest wall patients to be positioned more accurately and substantially more efficiently than radiograph only–based techniques.