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Birgitta M. Johansson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Studies of Environmental History in the Baltic by Means of Elemental Analysis of Mussel Shells
    2004
    Co-Authors: T. Westermark, Birgitta M. Johansson, A. Seire, E. Dunca, H. Mutvei, A. Bignert
    Abstract:

    The thesis aims to examine the role and use of Molluscs in Swedish prehistory, in chorological and chronological aspects. Molluscs live in the sea, fresh water and on land. The Swedish mollusc fauna contains 623 taxa: 417 marine, 85 limnic and 121 terrestrial species. Molluscs are invertebrates, have a soft body and a hard, external skeleton - the Shell. Molluscs are found in all parts of Sweden, even at high altitudes, but as subfossil evidence they are restricted to calcareous bedrock, non-acid sediments and soils. The Shell morphology is diversified; the cap-shaped land snails, the boat-shaped large freshwater mussels, the paddle-shaped blue mussels, the heart-shaped cockles, the fan-shaped scallops and the egg-shaped Indo-Pacific cowries and large porcelain Shells. Molluscs are zoological macrofossils. The size of mollusc Shells in the Swedish fauna varies from 0.5 mm up to c. 200 mm. Molluscs have environmental, social and cultural value as palaeoecological and anthropogenic indicators. A survey of 257 cases of Shell bearing evidence from 104 sites in Sweden has shown that Shells have been collected during excavations, but not been studied and interpreted further. A list of archaeological sites with mollusc occurrences in Sweden is provided. There are, however, several projects where the mollusc findings have not been recorded. A better understanding of the importance of Molluscs among archaeologists, as well as curators in museums is suggested. An attempt is made to show ways and methods of improving the present conditions of the archaeomalacological evidence. Furthermore, an updated list of mollusc taxa and their ecological preference is provided with names in Latin, English and Swedish.Subfossil Shells can be studied from several aspects. Information from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, palaeoecology and Quaternary geology, need to be combined with recent and comprehensive information on history, ethnography, ecology and taxonomy, to fully explore the role and potential of subfossil Shells in prehistory. In order to give a holistic picture on the role and importance of Molluscs in archaeological contexts a multidisciplinary approach is applied.Results show that Molluscs have been used as food, personal ornaments and tools. Oysters, limpets, blue mussels and cockles played an important role as food during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in western and southern Sweden. There is a hiatus in the use of these species until the Viking Age, when they reoccur at the site of Birka. During the early Medieval period the use of Molluscs has been traced at several urban sites; Lodose, Uppsala and Helgeandsholmen. During the Middle Neolithic on Gotland, tusk Shells were used as personal ornaments. Indo-Pacific Shells appear in the archaeological record during the Early Roman Iron Age. Six taxa are identified in Sweden. Scallop Shells have been used as a sign of pilgrimage in Europe during the Medieval time. There are 74 scallop Shells of this context found in Sweden. Future bioarchaeological mollusc studies are suggested within seven promising regions in Sweden.

  • Mollusc Shells in Swedish Archaeology : Occurrence, Significance and Potentials
    2003
    Co-Authors: Birgitta M. Johansson
    Abstract:

    The thesis aims to examine the role and use of Molluscs in Swedish prehistory, in chorological and chronological aspects. Molluscs live in the sea, fresh water and on land. The Swedish mollusc fauna contains 623 taxa: 417 marine, 85 limnic and 121 terrestrial species. Molluscs are invertebrates, have a soft body and a hard, external skeleton - the Shell. Molluscs are found in all parts of Sweden, even at high altitudes, but as subfossil evidence they are restricted to calcareous bedrock, non-acid sediments and soils. The Shell morphology is diversified; the cap-shaped land snails, the boat-shaped large freshwater mussels, the paddle-shaped blue mussels, the heart-shaped cockles, the fan-shaped scallops and the egg-shaped Indo-Pacific cowries and large porcelain Shells. Molluscs are zoological macrofossils. The size of mollusc Shells in the Swedish fauna varies from 0.5 mm up to c. 200 mm. Molluscs have environmental, social and cultural value as palaeoecological and anthropogenic indicators. A survey of 257 cases of Shell bearing evidence from 104 sites in Sweden has shown that Shells have been collected during excavations, but not been studied and interpreted further. A list of archaeological sites with mollusc occurrences in Sweden is provided. There are, however, several projects where the mollusc findings have not been recorded. A better understanding of the importance of Molluscs among archaeologists, as well as curators in museums is suggested. An attempt is made to show ways and methods of improving the present conditions of the archaeomalacological evidence. Furthermore, an updated list of mollusc taxa and their ecological preference is provided with names in Latin, English and Swedish.Subfossil Shells can be studied from several aspects. Information from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, palaeoecology and Quaternary geology, need to be combined with recent and comprehensive information on history, ethnography, ecology and taxonomy, to fully explore the role and potential of subfossil Shells in prehistory. In order to give a holistic picture on the role and importance of Molluscs in archaeological contexts a multidisciplinary approach is applied.Results show that Molluscs have been used as food, personal ornaments and tools. Oysters, limpets, blue mussels and cockles played an important role as food during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in western and southern Sweden. There is a hiatus in the use of these species until the Viking Age, when they reoccur at the site of Birka. During the early Medieval period the use of Molluscs has been traced at several urban sites; Lodose, Uppsala and Helgeandsholmen. During the Middle Neolithic on Gotland, tusk Shells were used as personal ornaments. Indo-Pacific Shells appear in the archaeological record during the Early Roman Iron Age. Six taxa are identified in Sweden. Scallop Shells have been used as a sign of pilgrimage in Europe during the Medieval time. There are 74 scallop Shells of this context found in Sweden. Future bioarchaeological mollusc studies are suggested within seven promising regions in Sweden.

  • Molluscs and Man : the Cultural and Environmental Evidence on Björkö
    1997
    Co-Authors: Birgitta M. Johansson
    Abstract:

    The thesis aims to examine the role and use of Molluscs in Swedish prehistory, in chorological and chronological aspects. Molluscs live in the sea, fresh water and on land. The Swedish mollusc fauna contains 623 taxa: 417 marine, 85 limnic and 121 terrestrial species. Molluscs are invertebrates, have a soft body and a hard, external skeleton - the Shell. Molluscs are found in all parts of Sweden, even at high altitudes, but as subfossil evidence they are restricted to calcareous bedrock, non-acid sediments and soils. The Shell morphology is diversified; the cap-shaped land snails, the boat-shaped large freshwater mussels, the paddle-shaped blue mussels, the heart-shaped cockles, the fan-shaped scallops and the egg-shaped Indo-Pacific cowries and large porcelain Shells. Molluscs are zoological macrofossils. The size of mollusc Shells in the Swedish fauna varies from 0.5 mm up to c. 200 mm. Molluscs have environmental, social and cultural value as palaeoecological and anthropogenic indicators. A survey of 257 cases of Shell bearing evidence from 104 sites in Sweden has shown that Shells have been collected during excavations, but not been studied and interpreted further. A list of archaeological sites with mollusc occurrences in Sweden is provided. There are, however, several projects where the mollusc findings have not been recorded. A better understanding of the importance of Molluscs among archaeologists, as well as curators in museums is suggested. An attempt is made to show ways and methods of improving the present conditions of the archaeomalacological evidence. Furthermore, an updated list of mollusc taxa and their ecological preference is provided with names in Latin, English and Swedish.Subfossil Shells can be studied from several aspects. Information from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, palaeoecology and Quaternary geology, need to be combined with recent and comprehensive information on history, ethnography, ecology and taxonomy, to fully explore the role and potential of subfossil Shells in prehistory. In order to give a holistic picture on the role and importance of Molluscs in archaeological contexts a multidisciplinary approach is applied.Results show that Molluscs have been used as food, personal ornaments and tools. Oysters, limpets, blue mussels and cockles played an important role as food during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in western and southern Sweden. There is a hiatus in the use of these species until the Viking Age, when they reoccur at the site of Birka. During the early Medieval period the use of Molluscs has been traced at several urban sites; Lodose, Uppsala and Helgeandsholmen. During the Middle Neolithic on Gotland, tusk Shells were used as personal ornaments. Indo-Pacific Shells appear in the archaeological record during the Early Roman Iron Age. Six taxa are identified in Sweden. Scallop Shells have been used as a sign of pilgrimage in Europe during the Medieval time. There are 74 scallop Shells of this context found in Sweden. Future bioarchaeological mollusc studies are suggested within seven promising regions in Sweden.

  • A 100 Year Old Soil Sample from Stora Förvar. Refuse or Potential Resource
    1993
    Co-Authors: Birgitta M. Johansson, R Larje
    Abstract:

    The thesis aims to examine the role and use of Molluscs in Swedish prehistory, in chorological and chronological aspects. Molluscs live in the sea, fresh water and on land. The Swedish mollusc fauna contains 623 taxa: 417 marine, 85 limnic and 121 terrestrial species. Molluscs are invertebrates, have a soft body and a hard, external skeleton - the Shell. Molluscs are found in all parts of Sweden, even at high altitudes, but as subfossil evidence they are restricted to calcareous bedrock, non-acid sediments and soils. The Shell morphology is diversified; the cap-shaped land snails, the boat-shaped large freshwater mussels, the paddle-shaped blue mussels, the heart-shaped cockles, the fan-shaped scallops and the egg-shaped Indo-Pacific cowries and large porcelain Shells. Molluscs are zoological macrofossils. The size of mollusc Shells in the Swedish fauna varies from 0.5 mm up to c. 200 mm. Molluscs have environmental, social and cultural value as palaeoecological and anthropogenic indicators. A survey of 257 cases of Shell bearing evidence from 104 sites in Sweden has shown that Shells have been collected during excavations, but not been studied and interpreted further. A list of archaeological sites with mollusc occurrences in Sweden is provided. There are, however, several projects where the mollusc findings have not been recorded. A better understanding of the importance of Molluscs among archaeologists, as well as curators in museums is suggested. An attempt is made to show ways and methods of improving the present conditions of the archaeomalacological evidence. Furthermore, an updated list of mollusc taxa and their ecological preference is provided with names in Latin, English and Swedish.Subfossil Shells can be studied from several aspects. Information from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, palaeoecology and Quaternary geology, need to be combined with recent and comprehensive information on history, ethnography, ecology and taxonomy, to fully explore the role and potential of subfossil Shells in prehistory. In order to give a holistic picture on the role and importance of Molluscs in archaeological contexts a multidisciplinary approach is applied.Results show that Molluscs have been used as food, personal ornaments and tools. Oysters, limpets, blue mussels and cockles played an important role as food during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in western and southern Sweden. There is a hiatus in the use of these species until the Viking Age, when they reoccur at the site of Birka. During the early Medieval period the use of Molluscs has been traced at several urban sites; Lodose, Uppsala and Helgeandsholmen. During the Middle Neolithic on Gotland, tusk Shells were used as personal ornaments. Indo-Pacific Shells appear in the archaeological record during the Early Roman Iron Age. Six taxa are identified in Sweden. Scallop Shells have been used as a sign of pilgrimage in Europe during the Medieval time. There are 74 scallop Shells of this context found in Sweden. Future bioarchaeological mollusc studies are suggested within seven promising regions in Sweden.

Ronald Eisler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 6 – Molluscs
    Compendium of Trace Metals and Marine Biota, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ronald Eisler
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary There are about 128,000 species of Molluscs. There are five major groups in this phylum: the pelycopods, with 20,000 recent species, including clams, oysters, mussels, cockles, and scallops; gastropods, comprising 105,000 species, such as the drills, conchs, cowries, whelks, nudibranchs, and mud snails; about 750 species of cephalopods, including octopus, squid, and cuttlefish; 305 species of scaphopods; and about 1000 species of amphineurans, including the chitons. Molluscs are unsegmented coelomate animals with a well-developed head, a ventral muscular foot, and a dorsal visceral hump; with soft skin, partly covering the visceral hump and the mantle, and often secreting a calcareous Shell. Molluscs are characterized by a complex anatomy and highly diverse specializations. Many are of large size, especially the giant squids. Extensive monitoring programs have been implemented, mainly with mussels, to assess potentially toxic metals and other contaminants in marine environments. Although mussels are recommended as indicator organisms, additional biological variables need to be investigated, along with water and sediment analyses. In general, the highest concentrations of all metals and metalloids examined in marine Molluscs were in gut and digestive glands, with moderate enrichment in gills, mantle, and gonads, and lowest residuals in muscle and Shell. It is also now generally accepted that mussels from highly industrialized areas contain significantly higher levels in tissues of copper, lead, cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, manganese, and other elements.

A Choukri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mesure de l'uranium dans un ensemble d'échantillons de formations naturelles au Maroc : implications environnementales
    Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ok Hakam, A Choukri
    Abstract:

    Measure of uranium in some samples of natural deposits in Morocco: environmental implications. In this work, we report the measurement results of uranium content in some natural formation samples in Morocco. The such results are used in several studies concerning the Earth sciences and the Environment such as geochronology, archaeology, geophysical and geophysical studies and prospecting of radioactive pollution. The analyses were carried out on some of natural deposits samples such as the corals, the fossil Shells Molluscs, the phosphates, the travertines, the lichens and of the impure carbonate deposits. Measurements were realized by spectrometry alpha for fossil Shell Molluscs, corals, travertines and impure carbonates, by Gamma spectrometry using a well detector with scintillation NaI for phosphates and by neutron activation for lichens. Isotopic 234U/238U ratio was also measured and discussed.

A. Bignert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Studies of Environmental History in the Baltic by Means of Elemental Analysis of Mussel Shells
    2004
    Co-Authors: T. Westermark, Birgitta M. Johansson, A. Seire, E. Dunca, H. Mutvei, A. Bignert
    Abstract:

    The thesis aims to examine the role and use of Molluscs in Swedish prehistory, in chorological and chronological aspects. Molluscs live in the sea, fresh water and on land. The Swedish mollusc fauna contains 623 taxa: 417 marine, 85 limnic and 121 terrestrial species. Molluscs are invertebrates, have a soft body and a hard, external skeleton - the Shell. Molluscs are found in all parts of Sweden, even at high altitudes, but as subfossil evidence they are restricted to calcareous bedrock, non-acid sediments and soils. The Shell morphology is diversified; the cap-shaped land snails, the boat-shaped large freshwater mussels, the paddle-shaped blue mussels, the heart-shaped cockles, the fan-shaped scallops and the egg-shaped Indo-Pacific cowries and large porcelain Shells. Molluscs are zoological macrofossils. The size of mollusc Shells in the Swedish fauna varies from 0.5 mm up to c. 200 mm. Molluscs have environmental, social and cultural value as palaeoecological and anthropogenic indicators. A survey of 257 cases of Shell bearing evidence from 104 sites in Sweden has shown that Shells have been collected during excavations, but not been studied and interpreted further. A list of archaeological sites with mollusc occurrences in Sweden is provided. There are, however, several projects where the mollusc findings have not been recorded. A better understanding of the importance of Molluscs among archaeologists, as well as curators in museums is suggested. An attempt is made to show ways and methods of improving the present conditions of the archaeomalacological evidence. Furthermore, an updated list of mollusc taxa and their ecological preference is provided with names in Latin, English and Swedish.Subfossil Shells can be studied from several aspects. Information from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, palaeoecology and Quaternary geology, need to be combined with recent and comprehensive information on history, ethnography, ecology and taxonomy, to fully explore the role and potential of subfossil Shells in prehistory. In order to give a holistic picture on the role and importance of Molluscs in archaeological contexts a multidisciplinary approach is applied.Results show that Molluscs have been used as food, personal ornaments and tools. Oysters, limpets, blue mussels and cockles played an important role as food during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in western and southern Sweden. There is a hiatus in the use of these species until the Viking Age, when they reoccur at the site of Birka. During the early Medieval period the use of Molluscs has been traced at several urban sites; Lodose, Uppsala and Helgeandsholmen. During the Middle Neolithic on Gotland, tusk Shells were used as personal ornaments. Indo-Pacific Shells appear in the archaeological record during the Early Roman Iron Age. Six taxa are identified in Sweden. Scallop Shells have been used as a sign of pilgrimage in Europe during the Medieval time. There are 74 scallop Shells of this context found in Sweden. Future bioarchaeological mollusc studies are suggested within seven promising regions in Sweden.

Ok Hakam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mesure de l'uranium dans un ensemble d'échantillons de formations naturelles au Maroc : implications environnementales
    Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ok Hakam, A Choukri
    Abstract:

    Measure of uranium in some samples of natural deposits in Morocco: environmental implications. In this work, we report the measurement results of uranium content in some natural formation samples in Morocco. The such results are used in several studies concerning the Earth sciences and the Environment such as geochronology, archaeology, geophysical and geophysical studies and prospecting of radioactive pollution. The analyses were carried out on some of natural deposits samples such as the corals, the fossil Shells Molluscs, the phosphates, the travertines, the lichens and of the impure carbonate deposits. Measurements were realized by spectrometry alpha for fossil Shell Molluscs, corals, travertines and impure carbonates, by Gamma spectrometry using a well detector with scintillation NaI for phosphates and by neutron activation for lichens. Isotopic 234U/238U ratio was also measured and discussed.