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H Yamada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acids
Tetrahedron, 2006Co-Authors: Tatsuya Shirahata, H Yamada, T Nagai, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Kiminari Yoshida, Daisuke Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Harigaya, Isao Kuwajima, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Satoshi ŌmuraAbstract:Pinellic acid from the tuber of Pinellia ternate, an active herbal component of the traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicine Sho-Seiryu-to, is a C18 trihydroxy fatty acid whose absolute stereochemistry has now been determined. All stereoisomers of pinellic acid were synthesized via regioselective asymmetric dihydroxylation, regioselective inversion, and stereoselective reduction in order to determine their absolute stereochemistries and adjuvant activities. Among this series of isomers, the (9S,12S,13S)-compound, which is a natural product, exhibited the most potent adjuvant activity. Spectral data for all of the stereoisomers of the 1,2-allylic diols were compared and related to their stereochemistries.
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Anti-allergic activity of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Sho-Seiryu-to (Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang)" on airway inflammation in a mouse model.
International Immunopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: T Nagai, Yumiko Arai, Michiko Emori, Shin-yu Nunome, Takeshi Yabe, Tadahiro Takeda, H YamadaAbstract:Effects of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine “Sho-Seiryu-to (SST, Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang in Chinese)”, which has been used for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma clinically, were examined on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic airway inflammation model (i.e., bronchial asthma) in a mouse. When SST was orally administered at 0.5 g/kg/day from day 1 to 6 days after OVA inhalation, SST reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids at 7 days after the OVA inhalation. CD4+ T cells obtained from the mouse lung produced more interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 but less interferon (IFN)-γ than T cells from nonsensitized control animals. However, oral administration of SST reduced the production of IL-4 and IL-5 and the production of IFN-γ returned to the control level. In addition, the IL-4 level was increased in the BAL fluid of the OVA-sensitized animals compared to the nonsensitized control, while the IFN-γ levels decreased. SST reduced the IL-4 levels in the BAL fluids and returned the IFN-γ level to control levels. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was increased in the BAL fluids of the OVA-sensitized mice over that of nonsensitized mice, but oral administration of SST augmented the NGF levels to ∼2 times higher than in the sensitized mice. Although lung cells obtained from sensitized mice produced higher levels of NGF than nonsensitized mice, oral administration of SST augmented the production of NGF by the lung cells even higher (∼2 times more than cells from sensitized mice). Administration of anti-NGF antibody to the airway blocked the effects of SST. These results suggest that SST modulates Th1/Th2 balance in the lungs and augmentation of NGF in the lungs may be related to the effects of SST. Pinellic acid (9S, 12S, 13S–trihydroxy–10E–octadecenoic acid), one component of the herbs of SST [Int. Immunopharmacol. 2 (2002) 1183], was purified from the tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach. Oral administration of pinellic acid (50 μg/kg/day) also reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in BAL fluids from the sensitized mouse. This result suggests that pinellic acid is one of active ingredient(s) in SST.
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Anti-allergic activity of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Sho-Seiryu-to (Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang)" on airway inflammation in a mouse model.
International Immunopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: T Nagai, Yumiko Arai, Michiko Emori, Shin-yu Nunome, Takeshi Yabe, Tadahiro Takeda, H YamadaAbstract:Effects of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Sho-Seiryu-to (SST, Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang in Chinese)", which has been used for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma clinically, were examined on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic airway inflammation model (i.e., bronchial asthma) in a mouse. When SST was orally administered at 0.5 g/kg/day from day 1 to 6 days after OVA inhalation, SST reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids at 7 days after the OVA inhalation. CD4(+) T cells obtained from the mouse lung produced more interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 but less interferon (IFN)-gamma than T cells from nonsensitized control animals. However, oral administration of SST reduced the production of IL-4 and IL-5 and the production of IFN-gamma returned to the control level. In addition, the IL-4 level was increased in the BAL fluid of the OVA-sensitized animals compared to the nonsensitized control, while the IFN-gamma levels decreased. SST reduced the IL-4 levels in the BAL fluids and returned the IFN-gamma level to control levels. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was increased in the BAL fluids of the OVA-sensitized mice over that of nonsensitized mice, but oral administration of SST augmented the NGF levels to approximately 2 times higher than in the sensitized mice. Although lung cells obtained from sensitized mice produced higher levels of NGF than nonsensitized mice, oral administration of SST augmented the production of NGF by the lung cells even higher ( approximately 2 times more than cells from sensitized mice). Administration of anti-NGF antibody to the airway blocked the effects of SST. These results suggest that SST modulates Th1/Th2 balance in the lungs and augmentation of NGF in the lungs may be related to the effects of SST. Pinellic acid (9S, 12S, 13S-trihydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid), one component of the herbs of SST [Int. Immunopharmacol. 2 (2002) 1183], was purified from the tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach. Oral administration of pinellic acid (50 microg/kg/day) also reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in BAL fluids from the sensitized mouse. This result suggests that pinellic acid is one of active ingredient(s) in SST.
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Pinellic acid from the tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach as an effective oral adjuvant for nasal influenza vaccine
International Immunopharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: T Nagai, Tatsuya Shirahata, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Yoshihiro Harigaya, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Kaori Munakata, H YamadaAbstract:Abstract This study describes the isolation, purification, characterization, and adjuvant activity of an orally active adjuvant substance from the tuber of Pinellia ternata , as an active herbal component of the traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicine, Sho-Seiryu-to (SST, Chinese name: Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang), which has been reported to Show oral adjuvant activity for nasally administered influenza HA vaccine [Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 16 (1994) 605]. The active compound was identified as 9 S , 12 S , 13 S -trihydroxy-10 E -octadecenoic acid using infrared spectra, proton magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism, and named pinellic acid. Oral administration of pinellic acid (1 μg) to BALB/c mice given primary and secondary intranasal inoculations of influenza HA vaccine (1 μg) enhanced antiviral IgA antibody (Ab) titers 5.2- and 2.5-fold in nasal and bronchoalveolar washes, respectively, and antiviral IgG Ab titers 3-fold in bronchoalveolar wash and serum. Intranasal administration of pinellic acid (1 μg) with influenza HA vaccine (1 μg) slightly enhanced antiviral IgG Ab titers in bronchoalveolar wash and serum but not antiviral IgA Ab titers in nasal and bronchoalveolar washes. Pinellic acid Showed no hemolytic activity. The results of this study suggest that pinellic acid may provide a safe and potent oral adjuvant for nasal influenza HA vaccine.
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In vivo antiinfluenza virus activity of Kampo medicine Sho-Seiryu-to through mucosal immune system.
Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1998Co-Authors: H Yamada, T NagaiAbstract:The Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Sho-Seiryu-to, which has traditionally been used for the treatment of colds and bronchial asthma, Showed potent antiinfluenza A and B virus activity through augmentation of production of antiviral IgA antibody in the nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities of mice when administrated orally before viral infection. Sho-Seiryu-to also Showed antiinfluenza virus activity against A virus H1N1 subtype infected in aged mice (approximately 6 months old) with an increase of antiviral IgA antibody in the bronchoalveolar wash of the treated mice by similar administration. When mice infected with mouse nonadapted influenza A virus H3N2 subtype before 14 days were secondarily infected with mouse adapted A/PR/8 (H1N1) virus and administered Sho-Seiryu-to orally after the second infection, replication of the virus in both nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities was significantly inhibited. Sho-Seiryu-to had no effect on the mice which were not primed with mouse nonadapted virus when administered after the infection of mouse-adapted A/PR/8 virus. Oral administration of Sho-Seiryu-to caused increment of viral-specific IgA antibody secreting cells in mouse nasal lymphocyte. Sho-Seiryu-to also augmented IL-2 receptor beta chain+ T-cells in Peyer's patch of the infected mice. Sho-Seiryu-to also significantly reduced viral titer in the nasal washes of the infected ovalbumin-sensitized bronchial asthma model mice. Oral administration of Sho-Seiryu-to before and after vaccination significantly augmented hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in the serum by nasal inoculation of influenza HA vaccine, and significantly augmented nasal antiviral IgA antibody and bronchoalveolar and serum antiviral IgG antibodies even after secondary vaccination although induction of antiviral antibody by intranasal vaccination was insufficient without Sho-Seiryu-to. These results suggest that Sho-Seiryu-to is able to prevent influenza virus infection by cross-protection of subtypes of influenza A virus and B virus. Sho-Seiryu-to is also useful for the treatment of influenza virus infection in hosts with a history of influenza virus infection and/or influenza vaccination and allergic pulmonary inflammation, such as bronchial asthma, and can be used as an adjuvant to nasally inoculated influenza HA vaccine.
T Nagai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acids
Tetrahedron, 2006Co-Authors: Tatsuya Shirahata, H Yamada, T Nagai, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Kiminari Yoshida, Daisuke Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Harigaya, Isao Kuwajima, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Satoshi ŌmuraAbstract:Pinellic acid from the tuber of Pinellia ternate, an active herbal component of the traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicine Sho-Seiryu-to, is a C18 trihydroxy fatty acid whose absolute stereochemistry has now been determined. All stereoisomers of pinellic acid were synthesized via regioselective asymmetric dihydroxylation, regioselective inversion, and stereoselective reduction in order to determine their absolute stereochemistries and adjuvant activities. Among this series of isomers, the (9S,12S,13S)-compound, which is a natural product, exhibited the most potent adjuvant activity. Spectral data for all of the stereoisomers of the 1,2-allylic diols were compared and related to their stereochemistries.
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Anti-allergic activity of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Sho-Seiryu-to (Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang)" on airway inflammation in a mouse model.
International Immunopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: T Nagai, Yumiko Arai, Michiko Emori, Shin-yu Nunome, Takeshi Yabe, Tadahiro Takeda, H YamadaAbstract:Effects of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine “Sho-Seiryu-to (SST, Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang in Chinese)”, which has been used for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma clinically, were examined on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic airway inflammation model (i.e., bronchial asthma) in a mouse. When SST was orally administered at 0.5 g/kg/day from day 1 to 6 days after OVA inhalation, SST reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids at 7 days after the OVA inhalation. CD4+ T cells obtained from the mouse lung produced more interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 but less interferon (IFN)-γ than T cells from nonsensitized control animals. However, oral administration of SST reduced the production of IL-4 and IL-5 and the production of IFN-γ returned to the control level. In addition, the IL-4 level was increased in the BAL fluid of the OVA-sensitized animals compared to the nonsensitized control, while the IFN-γ levels decreased. SST reduced the IL-4 levels in the BAL fluids and returned the IFN-γ level to control levels. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was increased in the BAL fluids of the OVA-sensitized mice over that of nonsensitized mice, but oral administration of SST augmented the NGF levels to ∼2 times higher than in the sensitized mice. Although lung cells obtained from sensitized mice produced higher levels of NGF than nonsensitized mice, oral administration of SST augmented the production of NGF by the lung cells even higher (∼2 times more than cells from sensitized mice). Administration of anti-NGF antibody to the airway blocked the effects of SST. These results suggest that SST modulates Th1/Th2 balance in the lungs and augmentation of NGF in the lungs may be related to the effects of SST. Pinellic acid (9S, 12S, 13S–trihydroxy–10E–octadecenoic acid), one component of the herbs of SST [Int. Immunopharmacol. 2 (2002) 1183], was purified from the tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach. Oral administration of pinellic acid (50 μg/kg/day) also reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in BAL fluids from the sensitized mouse. This result suggests that pinellic acid is one of active ingredient(s) in SST.
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Anti-allergic activity of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Sho-Seiryu-to (Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang)" on airway inflammation in a mouse model.
International Immunopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: T Nagai, Yumiko Arai, Michiko Emori, Shin-yu Nunome, Takeshi Yabe, Tadahiro Takeda, H YamadaAbstract:Effects of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Sho-Seiryu-to (SST, Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang in Chinese)", which has been used for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma clinically, were examined on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic airway inflammation model (i.e., bronchial asthma) in a mouse. When SST was orally administered at 0.5 g/kg/day from day 1 to 6 days after OVA inhalation, SST reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids at 7 days after the OVA inhalation. CD4(+) T cells obtained from the mouse lung produced more interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 but less interferon (IFN)-gamma than T cells from nonsensitized control animals. However, oral administration of SST reduced the production of IL-4 and IL-5 and the production of IFN-gamma returned to the control level. In addition, the IL-4 level was increased in the BAL fluid of the OVA-sensitized animals compared to the nonsensitized control, while the IFN-gamma levels decreased. SST reduced the IL-4 levels in the BAL fluids and returned the IFN-gamma level to control levels. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was increased in the BAL fluids of the OVA-sensitized mice over that of nonsensitized mice, but oral administration of SST augmented the NGF levels to approximately 2 times higher than in the sensitized mice. Although lung cells obtained from sensitized mice produced higher levels of NGF than nonsensitized mice, oral administration of SST augmented the production of NGF by the lung cells even higher ( approximately 2 times more than cells from sensitized mice). Administration of anti-NGF antibody to the airway blocked the effects of SST. These results suggest that SST modulates Th1/Th2 balance in the lungs and augmentation of NGF in the lungs may be related to the effects of SST. Pinellic acid (9S, 12S, 13S-trihydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid), one component of the herbs of SST [Int. Immunopharmacol. 2 (2002) 1183], was purified from the tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach. Oral administration of pinellic acid (50 microg/kg/day) also reduced the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer in BAL fluids from the sensitized mouse. This result suggests that pinellic acid is one of active ingredient(s) in SST.
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Pinellic acid from the tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach as an effective oral adjuvant for nasal influenza vaccine
International Immunopharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: T Nagai, Tatsuya Shirahata, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Yoshihiro Harigaya, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Kaori Munakata, H YamadaAbstract:Abstract This study describes the isolation, purification, characterization, and adjuvant activity of an orally active adjuvant substance from the tuber of Pinellia ternata , as an active herbal component of the traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicine, Sho-Seiryu-to (SST, Chinese name: Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang), which has been reported to Show oral adjuvant activity for nasally administered influenza HA vaccine [Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 16 (1994) 605]. The active compound was identified as 9 S , 12 S , 13 S -trihydroxy-10 E -octadecenoic acid using infrared spectra, proton magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism, and named pinellic acid. Oral administration of pinellic acid (1 μg) to BALB/c mice given primary and secondary intranasal inoculations of influenza HA vaccine (1 μg) enhanced antiviral IgA antibody (Ab) titers 5.2- and 2.5-fold in nasal and bronchoalveolar washes, respectively, and antiviral IgG Ab titers 3-fold in bronchoalveolar wash and serum. Intranasal administration of pinellic acid (1 μg) with influenza HA vaccine (1 μg) slightly enhanced antiviral IgG Ab titers in bronchoalveolar wash and serum but not antiviral IgA Ab titers in nasal and bronchoalveolar washes. Pinellic acid Showed no hemolytic activity. The results of this study suggest that pinellic acid may provide a safe and potent oral adjuvant for nasal influenza HA vaccine.
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In vivo antiinfluenza virus activity of Kampo medicine Sho-Seiryu-to through mucosal immune system.
Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1998Co-Authors: H Yamada, T NagaiAbstract:The Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Sho-Seiryu-to, which has traditionally been used for the treatment of colds and bronchial asthma, Showed potent antiinfluenza A and B virus activity through augmentation of production of antiviral IgA antibody in the nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities of mice when administrated orally before viral infection. Sho-Seiryu-to also Showed antiinfluenza virus activity against A virus H1N1 subtype infected in aged mice (approximately 6 months old) with an increase of antiviral IgA antibody in the bronchoalveolar wash of the treated mice by similar administration. When mice infected with mouse nonadapted influenza A virus H3N2 subtype before 14 days were secondarily infected with mouse adapted A/PR/8 (H1N1) virus and administered Sho-Seiryu-to orally after the second infection, replication of the virus in both nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities was significantly inhibited. Sho-Seiryu-to had no effect on the mice which were not primed with mouse nonadapted virus when administered after the infection of mouse-adapted A/PR/8 virus. Oral administration of Sho-Seiryu-to caused increment of viral-specific IgA antibody secreting cells in mouse nasal lymphocyte. Sho-Seiryu-to also augmented IL-2 receptor beta chain+ T-cells in Peyer's patch of the infected mice. Sho-Seiryu-to also significantly reduced viral titer in the nasal washes of the infected ovalbumin-sensitized bronchial asthma model mice. Oral administration of Sho-Seiryu-to before and after vaccination significantly augmented hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in the serum by nasal inoculation of influenza HA vaccine, and significantly augmented nasal antiviral IgA antibody and bronchoalveolar and serum antiviral IgG antibodies even after secondary vaccination although induction of antiviral antibody by intranasal vaccination was insufficient without Sho-Seiryu-to. These results suggest that Sho-Seiryu-to is able to prevent influenza virus infection by cross-protection of subtypes of influenza A virus and B virus. Sho-Seiryu-to is also useful for the treatment of influenza virus infection in hosts with a history of influenza virus infection and/or influenza vaccination and allergic pulmonary inflammation, such as bronchial asthma, and can be used as an adjuvant to nasally inoculated influenza HA vaccine.
Tetsumi Irie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The ethical Kampo formulation Sho-Seiryu-to (TJ-19) prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Chang Qing Yang, Peng Yuan Sun, Da Zhi Ding, Hiroshi Moriuchi, Yoichi Ishitsuka, Mitsuru Irikura, Tetsumi IrieAbstract:The effects of Sho-Seiryu-to (TJ-19), an ethical Kampo formulation, on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats was examined. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of a single dose of BLM (5 mg/kg). The TJ-19 used consisted of at least 21 constituents, as determined by three-dimensional HPLC analysis, and was administered orally twice a day at a dose of 1.5 g/kg until the end of the study period. Changes in general appearance and body weight were monitored. Twenty-eight days after BLM instillation, the animals were sacrificed and the study parameters were measured. TJ-19 attenuated the loss in body weight, increase in lung/body weight ratio and concentration of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde in the lung tissues induced by BLM administration. TJ-19 also prevented BLM-induced fibrotic changes in the lung histology. These protective effects of TJ-19 were observed when administration was started 1 week before and simultaneously with the instillation of BLM. These results suggest that TJ-19 has prophylactic potential against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and may therefore be a promising drug candidate and medicinal resource for preventing BLM-induced and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Protection afforded by a herbal medicine, Sho-Seiryu-to (TJ-19), against oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in guinea-pigs.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2009Co-Authors: Chang Qing Yang, Hiroshi Moriuchi, Yoichi Ishitsuka, Mitsuru Irikura, Saeid Golbidi, Zhen Ji Jin, Tetsumi IrieAbstract:Objectives The effect of a herbal medicine, Sho-Seiryu-to (TJ-19), on oleic acid-induced lung injury, an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI), was examined. Methods Acute lung injury was induced by an intravenous injection of 15 μl/kg oleic acid to guinea-pigs. TJ-19 was administered by a single oral dose (3 g/kg) or by multiple oral doses (0.75 g/kg). Key findings The decrease in partial oxygen pressure of arterial blood (Pao2) and the increase in airway vascular permeability induced by the oleic acid injection were attenuated by a single dose of TJ-19. When TJ-19 was administered orally twice a day for two weeks and then oleic acid was injected, a potent prophylactic effect of the drug was observed. TJ-19 also prevented airway vascular hyperpermeability, lung cell injury, oxidative stress and thromboxane A2 generation, associated with the oleic acid injection. Conclusions TJ-19 significantly attenuated the oleic acid-induced lung injury probably through the antioxidative effect and inhibitory effect of thromboxane A2 generation, although the precise inhibitory mechanisms were not fully elucidated due to the diversity in constituents of the herbal medicine. We suggest that TJ-19 is a promising drug candidate and a medicinal resource for preventing ARDS/ALI.
Akira Yagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simultaneous high performance liquid chromatographic determination of puerarin daidzin paeoniflorin liquiritin cinnamic acid cinnamaldehyde and glycyrrhizin in kampo medicines
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1999Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Okamura, Hirotsugu Miki, Hiroshi Orii, Yasue Masaoka, Satie Yamashita, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Akira YagiAbstract:We report a high-performance liquid chromatographic method to determine the quantities of puerarin, daidzin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and glycyrrhizin in Kampo medicine. All seven compounds were separated in less than 30 min with a Wakosil-II 5C18 AR column by linear gradient elution using 0.01% (v/v) phosphoric acid–acetonitrile (0 min 90:10, 10 min 88:12, 22 min 70:30, 30 min 30:70) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml min−1, and detection at 250 nm. The detection limits of these compounds are 0.15–0.3 μM with response linearity. This method was applied to determine the quantities in eight Kampo decoctions; Mao-to, Makyo-yokukan-to, Makyo-kanseki-to, Yokuinin-to, Sho-Seiryu-to, Keima-kakuhan-to, Kakkon-to and Kakkon-to-ka-senkyu-sin’i. Glycyrrhizin content was lower in both the decoction and the methanol-diluted decoction of Sho-Seiryu-to compared with the others. Low pH due to organic acids of Schisandrae fructus in the decoction caused inhibition for glycyrrhizin dissolution in Sho-Seiryu-to.
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Simultaneous determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and methylephedrine in Kampo medicines by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1999Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Okamura, Hirotsugu Miki, Yasue Masaoka, Satie Yamashita, T Harada, Y Nakamoto, M Tsuguma, H Yoshitomi, Akira YagiAbstract:A simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and methylephedrine (ephedrine alkaloids) in Kampo medicines which contain Ephedrae Herba was established. The analysis can be accomplished within 25 min with a Wakosil-II 5C18 HG column by isocratic elution using a mixture of water, acetonitrile and sodium dodecyl sulfate (65:35:0.4) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml min(-1), and detection at 210 nm. The detection limits of ephedrine alkaloids are 0.37-1.06 microM per injection (5 microl). This method was applied to analyze the quantities in eight Kampo decoctions; Mao-to, Makyo-yokukan-to, Makyo-kanseki-to, Yokuinin-to, Sho-Seiryu-to, Keima-kakuhan-to, Kakkon-to and Kakkon-to-ka-senkyu-sin'i. The concentration (per Ephedrae Herba gram) of ephedrine alkaloids was higher in the Makyo-kanseki-to decoction than in the others. Calcium sulfate from Gypsum Fibrosum raised ephedrine alkaloids dissolution in the Makyo-kanseki-to decoction.
Akira Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The herbal medicine Sho-Saiko-to improves cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with liver cirrhosis
Current Therapeutic Research, 1993Co-Authors: Masayoshi Yamashiki, Akira Nishimura, Yoshitane Kosaka, Yoshiro Okuda, Koichi Hamaguchi, Isao Kondo, Fumihiro IchidaAbstract:Abstract The herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to has been widely used in Japan as an oral medication in the treatment of viral liver cirrhosis and its clinical efficacy is well established. Sho-saiko-to is believed to generally strengthen the biophylactic functions of the body and improve immunological functions. However, its mode of action has not been fully described. General practitioners in Japan most frequently administer Sho-saiko-to to patients with liver cirrhosis. Physicians empirically know that this drug is useful in improving the general condition of patients with this disorder. Yet, it is not known how Sho-saiko-to works to improve the immunological disorders in liver cirrhosis patients and how it achieves such good clinical results. This study examined in vitro cytokine production capability of the peripheral mononuclear cells obtained from 25 patients with viral liver cirrhosis utilizing pokeweed mitogen stimulation. The in vitro capability of these cells to produce cytokines such as interleukin-β, interleukin-6, and granulocyte-macrophage, colony-stimulating factor, was specifically investigated. to obtain cultures, peripheral blood was collected from patients with viral liver cirrhosis, as well as from healthy volunteers as controls. Cytokine levels with or without pokeweed mitogen were examined via incubation of each sample for 1 to 5 days. to the samples in which pokeweed mitogen was not added, Sho-saiko-to or Sho-Seiryu-to solutions were added and incubated. After this culture period, each sample was centrifuged and a supernatant was collected for measurement. As a result, there was no difference in the cultures without pokeweed mitogen: production of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor of patients' cells and cultures of healthy subjects remained the same. However, production of all three cytokines was significantly lower in the patient group than the control in the cultures with pokeweed mitogen. The production of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, in the cultures containing the control drug Sho-Seiryu-to was the same as those in the cultures with only the control medium. However, cytokine production levels in cultures with Sho-saiko-to concentrations 6 μg/ml or higher significantly increased. The findings of this study suggest that Sho-saiko-to's clinical efficacy could be the result of improvement in the immunological mechanism in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to" induces in vitro granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology, 1992Co-Authors: Masayoshi Yamashiki, Asakawa M, Kayaba Y, Kosaka Y, Akira NishimuraAbstract:The herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang)" has been used in China for about 3000 years for the treatment of pyretic diseases. This medicine is now available as one of the prescribing drugs approved by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, and has also been widely used for patients with chronic viral liver disease as one of biological response modifiers in the field of Japan's Western Medicine. However, its mode of action has not been fully described. In the present in vitro study, we added "Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9, Tsumura, tokyo) to the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy volunteers, and observed a dose-dependent increase in the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The same experiment was conducted using other herbal medicines "Dai-saiko-to" (TJ-8) and "Saiko-keishi-to" (TJ-10) which Showed similar effects, or "Sho-Seiryu-to" (TJ-19) which consists of very different compounds and Shows different efficacy. The increases of G-CSF production were similar when "Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9) or one of the 2 reference drugs (TJ-8 and 10) was added, whereas the increase when the control drug "Sho-Seiryu-to" (TJ-19) was added, was quite small. This result Shows that G-CSF induction is not a common effect of herbal medicines, but a specific effect of TJ-8, 9, and 10. Among these 3 drugs the increase produced by "Sho-saiko-to" was the largest. Based on this result, we conclude that administration of "Sho-saiko-to" may be useful not only for the treatment of chronic liver disease, but also for malignant diseases and acute infectious diseases where G-CSF is efficacious.