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Marc C.j. Verdegem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of carbohydrate addition on water quality and the nitrogen budget in extensive Shrimp Culture systems
Aquaculture, 2006Co-Authors: B. Hari, Johny T. Varghese, Johan W. Schrama, Madhusoodana B Kurup, Marc C.j. VerdegemAbstract:Abstract Water quality and Shrimp production were monitored in extensively managed ponds which were fed a 25% (P25) or 40% (P40) dietary protein, each diet complemented with or without carbohydrate (CH) addition. The experiment was carried out in 6-m3 concrete tanks, with a mud bottom and stocked with 7 post larvae (PL 20) of Penaeus monodon per m2. Tapioca flour was used as carbohydrate source. CH addition reduced total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite–nitrogen (NO2−–N) in the water column and TAN in the sediment (P 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was higher (P 0.05). A system nitrogen budget revealed that 16% to 21% of the total nitrogen input was retained in the Shrimp, 0.22% to 0.49% in the water, 67% to 71% in the sediment, and 2.1% to 2.7% was lost through water exchange. The quantity of nitrogen not retained in Shrimp biomass to produce 1 kg of Shrimp ranged between 109.2 and 164.0 g N. The total water based N-loss (final pond water N + exchange N-loss) from an extensive type of Shrimp Culture system was within the range of 2.7% to 3.2% of the total input nitrogen. The percentage non-retained nitrogen was reduced by CH addition (P
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Effects of carbohydrate addition on production in extensive Shrimp Culture systems
Aquaculture, 2004Co-Authors: B. Hari, B Madhusoodana Kurup, Johny T. Varghese, Johan W. Schrama, Marc C.j. VerdegemAbstract:Abstract One indoor and one on-farm trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of control of carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) by addition of carbohydrate to the water column in extensive types of Shrimp Culture systems. In the indoor experiment, 25% and 40% dietary protein (‘P25’ and ‘P40’) with or without carbohydrate source addition (‘P25+CH’ and ‘P40+CH’) were compared in fiber reinforced plastic tanks of 1200-l capacity stocked with 6 Penaeus monodon juveniles (0.357±0.01 g) m−2. In the on-farm trial, 25% dietary protein with carbohydrate (‘P25+CH’) and 40% dietary protein (‘P40’) were compared in 250-m2 earthen ponds stocked with 6 post-larvae of P. monodon m−2. Tapioca flour was used as carbohydrate source and applied to the water column followed by the first feeding during the day in both experiments. The addition of carbohydrate significantly (P 0.05). In the on-farm trial the benefit cost ratio was higher in ‘P25+CH’ treatment than ‘P40’ (1.3 against 0.2) and the profit increased 400% in‘P25+CH’ treatment. A 35% reduction of feed cost and 54% increase in the revenue from Shrimp was recorded in the ‘P25+CH’ treatment when compared to the ‘P40’. Control of C/N ratio by the addition of a carbohydrate source to the pond water column benefited the extensive Shrimp Culture practices in three ways (1) increased heterotrophic bacterial growth supplying bacterial protein to augment the Shrimp production, (2) reduced demand for supplemental feed protein and subsequent reduction in feed cost and (3) reduced toxic inorganic nitrogen levels in the pond as well as effluents.
Walter Quadros Seiffert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrological and water quality indices as management tools in marine Shrimp Culture
Aquaculture, 2011Co-Authors: N C Ferreira, Carla Bonetti, Walter Quadros SeiffertAbstract:Abstract The continuous monitoring of the physical, chemical and biological parameters of pond, effluent and inlet waters helps not only to predict and control negative conditions for Shrimp farming, but also avoids environmental damages and collapse of the production process. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the importance of implementing a Water Quality Index (WQI) as a tool to manage Shrimp farms and the surrounding natural environments, further to understand the main factors affecting water quality to prevent disease outbreaks. Water quality parameters of Shrimp pond and inlet waters were monitored and measured monthly in a Shrimp farm and in two other natural sites in northern Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The study was carried out between October, 2007 and October, 2008. Physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silica) and biological parameters (chlorophyll-a, fecal coliforms, Vibrio and bacteria counts) were analyzed. To assess the dependency relationship between the variables the non-parametric correlation test of Spearman was applied. The Hydrological Index (HI) c was applied to evaluate the potential use of the two coastal areas for Shrimp Culture. The Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) was applied to compare the water quality parameters between the Shrimp farm water supply lagoon and those two coastal environments. Results indicate water quality parameters and times of the year are related to environmental stress. Considering the amplitude of the variables monitored, i.e., temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate and silica, autumn may be associated with increased environmental stress. The (HI) c indicated that pumping water into the Shrimp farm in spring and summer should be restricted, and during the rest of the year the supply water quality ranged from “suitable with medium restriction” (5.5 c c
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hydrological and water quality indices as management tools in marine Shrimp Culture
Aquaculture, 2011Co-Authors: N C Ferreira, Carla Bonetti, Walter Quadros SeiffertAbstract:The continuous monitoring of the physical, chemical and biological parameters of pond, effluent and inlet waters helps not only to predict and control negative conditions for Shrimp farming, but also avoids environmental damages and collapse of the production process. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the importance of implementing a Water Quality Index (WQI) as a tool to manage Shrimp farms and the surrounding natural environments, further to understand the main factors affecting water quality to prevent disease outbreaks. Water quality parameters of Shrimp pond and inlet waters were monitored and measured monthly in a Shrimp farm and in two other natural sites in northern Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The study was carried out between October, 2007 and October, 2008. Physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silica) and biological parameters (chlorophyll-a, fecal coliforms, Vibrio and bacteria counts) were analyzed. To assess the dependency relationship between the variables the non-parametric correlation test of Spearman was applied. The Hydrological Index (HI)c was applied to evaluate the potential use of the two coastal areas for Shrimp Culture. The Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) was applied to compare the water quality parameters between the Shrimp farm water supply lagoon and those two coastal environments. Results indicate water quality parameters and times of the year are related to environmental stress. Considering the amplitude of the variables monitored, i.e., temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate and silica, autumn may be associated with increased environmental stress. The (HI)c indicated that pumping water into the Shrimp farm in spring and summer should be restricted, and during the rest of the year the supply water quality ranged from “suitable with medium restriction” (5.5<(IH)c<7.5) to “suitable with low restriction” (7.5<(IH)c<9.0). No difference was detected in the water quality parameters of the three study sites according to the CCME WQI. The application of a Water Quality Index adapted to the different production activities is useful to monitor water quality parameters. The WQI is practical, with easy and fast interpretation of data, and an important management tool for aquaCulture enterprises.
Jurgenne H Primavera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mangroves and Shrimp pond Culture effluents in aklan panay is central philippines
Bulletin of Marine Science, 2007Co-Authors: Jurgenne H Primavera, Jon P Altamirano, Ma Junemie Hazel L Lebata, Aurelio Delos A Reyes, C L PitogoAbstract:This study was funded by the Government of Japan Trust Fund for the Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Culture Project. Grateful thanks are extended to Bugtong Bato, Ibajay Barangay Head N. Soliva for facilitating field arrangements, A. Traje for assistance in the pond and mangrove work, N. Kautsky and M. Beveridge for helpful comments on the manuscript, and J. Binas.
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genetic diversity of wild and Cultured black tiger Shrimp penaeus monodon in the philippines using microsatellites
Aquaculture, 2001Co-Authors: Jurgenne H Primavera, Leobert D De La Pena, Priscilla Pettit, Jane Belak, Acacia AlcivarwarrenAbstract:Abstract Six microsatellites were used to study (1) the genetic diversity of wild Penaeus monodon Shrimp from four geographic regions (Palawan, Quezon, Capiz and Negros Occidental-W) in the Philippines, and (2) its association with the status of mangroves and intensity of Shrimp Culture systems in these regions. Two Cultured populations (Negros Occidental-C and Antique) were used for comparison. All six microsatellite loci were polymorphic. A total of 184 different alleles were found over all loci. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 54, with allele size ranging from 159 base pairs (bp) to 400 bp. The observed heterozygosity of the six loci ranged from 0.47 to 1.00. The number of genotypes per locus ranged from 5 to 70. F st values showed significant genetic differentiation among the four wild populations. Genetic differences between wild populations were also detected by pairwise comparison based on genotypic and allelic frequencies. Genetic differentiation among wild populations exhibited a positive correlation with mangrove status and intensity of Culture systems at P =0.083. The Negros Occidental-W population, which originated from an area with the most severe mangrove loss and the most intensive Culture systems, was the most significantly differentiated population. It also showed less genotypes per locus than the other three wild populations, suggesting a decrease in genetic diversity in this population. The population from Capiz, a province with a wide area of extensive Culture ponds and few remaining secondary mangroves was the second most differentiated population. The Quezon population, which originated from an area with a few extensive Culture ponds and less mangrove destruction, was not genetically different from the Palawan population, which was from a pristine site with mostly primary mangroves and no major aquaCulture industry. The Cultured populations showed less genetic diversity and were significantly different from the four wild populations based on pairwise F st values and pairwise comparisons of allelic and genotypic frequencies. The results suggest that (a) there was a significant genetic differentiation among the wild P. monodon populations in the Philippines, and (b) the Cultured populations were significantly differentiated from the natural populations. More replicate samples from each of the geographic regions are needed to conclusively determine the possibility of an association between genetic differentiation and the status of mangroves and/or intensity of Shrimp Culture systems.
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socio economic impacts of Shrimp Culture
Aquaculture Research and Sustainable Development in Inland and Coastal Regions in South-East Asia: Proceedings of an IFS EU Workshop Can Tho Vietnam 1, 1998Co-Authors: Jurgenne H PrimaveraAbstract:production has risen from a mere 6% in 1970 to 26% Abstract in 1990 (FAO 1993). Shrimp farming constitutes one Farmed Shrimp contributed 27% of total world of the phenomenal commercial success stories of the Shrimp production in 1995 with a volume of last two decades, with annual growth rates of 20– 712 000 tonnes. Undoubtedly, the Shrimp Culture 30% in contrast to a stable 2–3% increase for wild industry earns valuable foreign exchange for catches from the same period (Primavera 1994). developing countries and generates jobs across the Shrimp (belonging to the family Penaeidae) thrive industry from fry gatherers to growers and in the tropics and subtropics where the waters processors. However, grave socio-economic are warm, and they are exported to Japan, North consequences – including conversion, expropriation America and Europe where consumer demand is and privatization of mangroves and other lands; high. In 1992, 982 000 t of farmed crustaceans salinization of water and soil; decline in food security; (90% marine Shrimp) valued at US$ 6.6 billion marginalization of coastal communities, unemployconstituted only 9% of total aquaCulture volume ment and urban migration; and social conflicts – but contributed 24% of total value (FAO 1995). have followed in the wake of Shrimp farm High profitability and generation of foreign exchange development in the Philippines and other tropical have provided the major driving force in the global countries. expansion of Shrimp Culture, attracting both The paper focuses on mangrove ecosystems: the national governments and international developvaluation and cost–benefit analysis of their goods ment agencies. The key factor in the growth of and services, and the mangrove–offshore fisheries the Asian Shrimp industry has been private sector connection. Research gaps in these areas and the initiative including the involvement of multinational need to internalize the ecological and socio-economic corporations (Csavas 1988 in Bailey & Skladany costs (‘externalities’) of Shrimp farming are 1991). highlighted. Other recommendations include Shrimp farming started in Southeast Asia in mangrove conservation and rehabilitation, traditional earthen ponds that depended on tidal enforcement of existing legislation, and introduction water exchange for wild seed supply and of environment-friendly aquaCulture within the maintenance of water quality, evolving to the broader framework of community-based, integrated deliberate stocking of wild or hatchery fry in evercoastal area management, e.g. the traditional, increasing densities (Primavera 1991). The high extensive polyCulture ponds in Indonesia. stocking rates in intensive ponds are supported by feed and water management inputs to achieve yields of up to 7–15 t ha–1 year–1, 50 times the production from traditional ponds (Primavera 1993). Introduction The historical trends of Shrimp production in leading Asian countries (Fig. 1) show a boom-andIn 1995, more than 700 000 tonnes (t, ‘metric bust cycle – Taiwan in 1987, the Philippines in tons’) of marine Shrimp were farmed worldwide, 1989, Indonesia in 1991–92, and China in 1993 – with around 80% from Asia (Rosenberry 1995). The contribution of farming to global Shrimp related to pollution and disease problems. Other
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socio economic impacts of Shrimp Culture
Aquaculture Research, 1997Co-Authors: Jurgenne H PrimaveraAbstract:Farmed Shrimp contributed 27% of total world Shrimp production in 1995 with a volume of 712 000 tonnes. Undoubtedly, the Shrimp Culture industry earns valuable foreign exchange for developing countries and generates jobs across the industry from fry gatherers to growers and processors. However, grave socio-economic consequences – including conversion, expropriation and privatization of mangroves and other lands; salinization of water and soil; decline in food security; marginalization of coastal communities, unemployment and urban migration; and social conflicts – have followed in the wake of, Shrimp farm development in the Philippines and other tropical countries. The paper focuses on mangrove ecosystems: the valuation and cost-benefit analysis of their goods and services, and the mangrove-offshore fisheries connection. Research gaps in these areas and the need to internalize the ecological and socio-economic costs (‘externalities’) of Shrimp farming are highlighted. Other recommendations include mangrove conservation and rehabilitation, enforcement of existing legislation, and introduction of environment-friendly aquaCulture within the broader framework of community-based, integrated coastal area management, e.g. the traditional, extensive polyCulture ponds in Indonesia.
B. Hari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of carbohydrate addition on water quality and the nitrogen budget in extensive Shrimp Culture systems
Aquaculture, 2006Co-Authors: B. Hari, Johny T. Varghese, Johan W. Schrama, Madhusoodana B Kurup, Marc C.j. VerdegemAbstract:Abstract Water quality and Shrimp production were monitored in extensively managed ponds which were fed a 25% (P25) or 40% (P40) dietary protein, each diet complemented with or without carbohydrate (CH) addition. The experiment was carried out in 6-m3 concrete tanks, with a mud bottom and stocked with 7 post larvae (PL 20) of Penaeus monodon per m2. Tapioca flour was used as carbohydrate source. CH addition reduced total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite–nitrogen (NO2−–N) in the water column and TAN in the sediment (P 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was higher (P 0.05). A system nitrogen budget revealed that 16% to 21% of the total nitrogen input was retained in the Shrimp, 0.22% to 0.49% in the water, 67% to 71% in the sediment, and 2.1% to 2.7% was lost through water exchange. The quantity of nitrogen not retained in Shrimp biomass to produce 1 kg of Shrimp ranged between 109.2 and 164.0 g N. The total water based N-loss (final pond water N + exchange N-loss) from an extensive type of Shrimp Culture system was within the range of 2.7% to 3.2% of the total input nitrogen. The percentage non-retained nitrogen was reduced by CH addition (P
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Effects of carbohydrate addition on production in extensive Shrimp Culture systems
Aquaculture, 2004Co-Authors: B. Hari, B Madhusoodana Kurup, Johny T. Varghese, Johan W. Schrama, Marc C.j. VerdegemAbstract:Abstract One indoor and one on-farm trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of control of carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) by addition of carbohydrate to the water column in extensive types of Shrimp Culture systems. In the indoor experiment, 25% and 40% dietary protein (‘P25’ and ‘P40’) with or without carbohydrate source addition (‘P25+CH’ and ‘P40+CH’) were compared in fiber reinforced plastic tanks of 1200-l capacity stocked with 6 Penaeus monodon juveniles (0.357±0.01 g) m−2. In the on-farm trial, 25% dietary protein with carbohydrate (‘P25+CH’) and 40% dietary protein (‘P40’) were compared in 250-m2 earthen ponds stocked with 6 post-larvae of P. monodon m−2. Tapioca flour was used as carbohydrate source and applied to the water column followed by the first feeding during the day in both experiments. The addition of carbohydrate significantly (P 0.05). In the on-farm trial the benefit cost ratio was higher in ‘P25+CH’ treatment than ‘P40’ (1.3 against 0.2) and the profit increased 400% in‘P25+CH’ treatment. A 35% reduction of feed cost and 54% increase in the revenue from Shrimp was recorded in the ‘P25+CH’ treatment when compared to the ‘P40’. Control of C/N ratio by the addition of a carbohydrate source to the pond water column benefited the extensive Shrimp Culture practices in three ways (1) increased heterotrophic bacterial growth supplying bacterial protein to augment the Shrimp production, (2) reduced demand for supplemental feed protein and subsequent reduction in feed cost and (3) reduced toxic inorganic nitrogen levels in the pond as well as effluents.
Min S Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimal conditions for the treatment of Shrimp Culture effluent using immobilized marine microalga picochlorum maculatum psdk01
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Dinesh S Kumar, P Santhanam, Min S Park, P Prabhavathi, B Kanimozhi, M Abirami, Mikyung KimAbstract:A significant environmental concern has been raised over the wastewater produced from aquaCulture including Shrimp farms. In order to evaluate the potential of microalgae to treat the wastewater from a Shrimp aquaCulture, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to identify optimal conditions for various parameters. Picochlorum maculatum immobilized beads were used to remove excessive nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia) from a 90 days old Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultured wastewater. The effects of number of algal cells per bead, density of beads per given volume of wastewater, pH, and retention time were investigated. A significant maximum nutrient removal was obtained at pH 7, 24 h of retention time, 150 beads of density and 111,200 cells/ml of algal cell concentration. The primary experimental results were used to RSM for optimizing the variables statistically for maximum nutrient removal. A ‘minimum run resolution V’ central composite design with four variables (pH and retention time, different bead density and algal cell concentrations in beads) was applied to optimize the process. The results showed good fits with the proposed statistical model for the removal of nutrients.
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development and application of a novel immobilized marine microalgae biofilter system for the treatment of Shrimp Culture effluent
Journal of water process engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Dinesh S Kumar, P Santhanam, Min S ParkAbstract:Abstract Removal of excessive nutrients is essential for aquaCulture wastewater treatment to protect receiving waters from eutrophication and for potential reuse of the treated water. This semi pilot-scale wastewater treatment system consists of agar-alginate algal blocks (AAAB). It was tested for removal of nutrients in Shrimp farm wastewater. AquaCulture wastewater (90 days old Litopenaeus vannamei Cultured water) was treated with a novel biofilter that was filled with a marine microalgae Picochlorum maculatum immobilized in alginate blocks. The removal rates of nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia) were evaluated at each cycle for ten cycles. The results showed that the nitrite (89.6%) and ammonia (98.5%) were removed effectively while – phosphate (57%) and nitrate (46.4%) were removed less effectively.