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Yimin Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inoculation of exogenous lactic acid bacteria exerted a limited influence on the Silage Fermentation and bacterial community compositions of reed canary grass straw on the qinghai tibetan plateau
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Liangyin Chen, Yimin Cai, Minghong You, Qiming Cheng, Wenlong GouAbstract:AIMS This study evaluated the effects of exogenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on Silage Fermentation and bacterial community of reed canary grass (RCG) straw. METHODS AND RESULTS The leaf, stem and whole crop of RCG straw were separately ensiled in small bag silos, without (control) or with inoculation of two exogenous LAB (LP, Lactobacillus plantarum; LB, Lactobacillus buchneri), and stored at ambient temperature of 0·05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Particularly, inoculation of LB increased (P < 0·05) acetic acid and propionic acid contents, decreased (P < 0·05) butyric acid (BA) and ammonia-N contents, separated (P < 0·05) the bacterial community in Silage. However, the exogenous LAB inoculated Silages were characterized by main distribution of yeasts, presence of undesirable bacterial genera such as Clostridium and high levels of BA and ammonia-N. CONCLUSION Inoculation of exogenous LAB exerted a limited influence on the Silage Fermentation and bacterial community compositions of RCG straw on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Commercial LAB inoculants are not always efficient on enhancing Silage quality and stability. Thus, an alternative additive for inhibiting undesirable microbes during storage is important to improve RCG Silage quality on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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effects of inoculants on the Fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of reed canary grass phalaris arundinacea l Silage on the qinghai tibetan plateau
Animal Science Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Liangyin Chen, Shiqie Bai, Minghong You, Qiming Cheng, Wenlong Gou, Yimin CaiAbstract:To effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, direct-cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) Silages were prepared by using a rolled-bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7-14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated Silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia-N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB-inoculated Silage, whereas LPLBc-treated Silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc-inoculated Silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve Silage Fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Silage Fermentation and bacterial community of bur clover, annual ryegrass and their mixtures prepared with microbial inoculant and chemical additive
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Gou Wenlong, Cheng Qiming, Shiqie Bai, Yimin CaiAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the Silage Fermentation and bacterial community of bur clover, annual ryegrass and their mixtures in south of China. Bur clover, annual ryegrass and their mixtures were ensiled without additive (control), or with lactic acid bacteria inoculant (LABi, 106 cfu/g of fresh weight) and formic acid (FA, 3 mL/kg of fresh weight) for 60 d of Fermentation. Untreated bur clover displayed high bacterial diversity resulting in a poor Fermentation. LABi and FA reduced bacterial diversity and enriched the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus or Sporolactobacillus species during ensiling, resulting in improved Silage Fermentation. Annual ryegrass contained relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Clostridium species, and produced more butyric acid. This study confirmed that LABi and FA could reduce microbial diversity and improve Silage quality; and Clostridium species produced butyric acid which caused a poor Fermentation.
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phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis of lactic acid bacteria isolated from forage crops and grasses in the tibetan plateau
Journal of Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Huili Pang, Zhongfang Tan, Guangyong Qin, Yanping Wang, Qingsheng Jin, Yimin CaiAbstract:A total of 140 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from corn, alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, and Indian goosegrass in the Tibetan Plateau. According to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence, and recA gene PCR amplification, these LAB isolates were identified as belonging to five genera and nine species. Corn contained more LAB species than other forage crops. Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, and Weissella paramesenteroides were dominant members of the LAB population on alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, and Indian goosegrass, respectively. The comprehensive 16S rDNA and recA-based approach effectively described the LAB community structure of the relatively abundant LAB species distributed on different forage crops. This is the first report describing the diversity and natural populations of LAB associated with Tibetan forage crops, and most isolates grow well at or below 10°C. The results will be valuable for the future design of appropriate inoculants for Silage Fermentation in this very cold area.
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Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effectiveness to improve stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.) Silage quality at various temperatures.
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho, 2011Co-Authors: Qinhua Liu, Chen Mingxia, Jianguo Zhang, Shangli Shi, Yimin CaiAbstract:Two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus SC1 and Lactobacillus paraplantarum SC2 isolated from king grass Silage, were characterized and their effectiveness to improve the Silage Fermentation quality of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.) was studied. Strain SC1 was able to grow at a high temperature of 45°C, while SC2 did not. SC2 normally grew at a low pH of 4.0, while SC1 could not. These two strains and a commercial inoculant of LAB (L. plantarum, LP) were used as additives to stylo Silage preparation at various temperatures (20°C, 30°C and 40°C). All LAB inoculants significantly (P 0.05).
L. Kung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Silage review recent advances and future uses of Silage additives
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: R E Muck, F E Contrerasgovea, Elisabet Nadeau, T A Mcallister, M C Santos, L. KungAbstract:Additives have been available for enhancing Silage preservation for decades. This review covers research studies published since 2000 that have investigated the efficacy of Silage additives. The review has been divided into 6 categories of additives: homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB), obligate heterofermentative LAB, combination inoculants containing obligate heterofermentative LAB plus homofermentative LAB, other inoculants, chemicals, and enzymes. The homofermentative LAB rapidly decrease pH and increase lactic acid relative to other Fermentation products, although a meta-analysis indicated no reduction in pH in corn, sorghum, and sugarcane Silages relative to untreated Silages. These additives resulted in higher milk production according to the meta-analysis by mechanisms that are still unclear. Lactobacillus buchneri is the dominant species used in obligate heterofermentative LAB Silage additives. It slowly converts lactic acid to acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol during silo storage, improving aerobic stability while having no effect on animal productivity. Current research is focused on finding other species in the Lb. buchneri group capable of producing more rapid improvements in aerobic stability. Combination inoculants aim to provide the aerobic stability benefits of Lb. buchneri with the Silage Fermentation efficiency and animal productivity benefits of homofermentative LAB. Research indicates that these products are improving aerobic stability, but feeding studies are not yet sufficient to make conclusions about effects on animal performance. Novel non-LAB species have been studied as potential Silage inoculants. Streptococcus bovis is a potential starter species within a homofermentative LAB inoculant. Propionibacterium and Bacillus species offer improved aerobic stability in some cases. Some yeast research has focused on inhibiting molds and other detrimental Silage microorganisms, whereas other yeast research suggests that it may be possible to apply a direct-fed microbial strain at ensiling, have it survive ensiling, and multiply during feed out. Chemical additives traditionally have fallen in 2 groups. Formic acid causes direct acidification, suppressing clostridia and other undesired bacteria and improving protein preservation during ensiling. On the other hand, sorbic, benzoic, propionic, and acetic acids improve Silage aerobic stability at feed out through direct inhibition of yeasts and molds. Current research has focused on various combinations of these chemicals to improve both aerobic stability and animal productivity. Enzyme additives have been added to forage primarily to breakdown plant cell walls at ensiling to improve Silage Fermentation by providing sugars for the LAB and to enhance the nutritive value of Silage by increasing the digestibility of cell walls. Cellulase or hemicellulase mixtures have been more successful at the former than the latter. A new approach focused on Lb. buchneri producing ferulic acid esterase has also had mixed success in improving the efficiency of Silage digestion. Another new enzyme approach is the application of proteases to corn Silage to improve starch digestibility, but more research is needed to determine the feasibility. Future Silage additives are expected to directly inhibit clostridia and other detrimental microorganisms, mitigate high mycotoxin levels on harvested forages during ensiling, enhance aerobic stability, improve cell wall digestibility, increase the efficiency of utilization of Silage nitrogen by cattle, and increase the availability of starch to cattle.
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effect of physical damage to ears of corn before harvest and treatment with various additives on the concentration of mycotoxins Silage Fermentation and aerobic stability of corn Silage
Journal of Dairy Science, 2012Co-Authors: R S Teller, R J Schmidt, L W Whitlow, L. KungAbstract:Abstract We studied the effects of damaging ears of corn in the field prior to harvest and the use of various additives on the production of selected mycotoxins, Silage Fermentation, and aerobic stability of whole plant corn. In experiment 1, ears of corn were undamaged or were slashed with a knife 7 d before harvesting, exposing damaged kernels to the environment. Corn plants were harvested (about 35% DM) and treated in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were undamaged or damaged plants, untreated or treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (400,000cfu/g of fresh forage) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (100,000cfu/g). Damaging ears prior to harvest increased the amount of fumonisin but decreased the amount of starch in harvested corn plants. After ensiling, corn Silage made from plants damaged before harvest had lower starch but greater concentrations of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin than Silage made from plants that were undamaged. Microbial inoculation resulted in fewer yeasts and lower concentrations of zearalenone in Silage when compared to uninoculated Silage. Inoculated Silage also had more acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol than did uninoculated Silage. In experiment 2, ears of corn were undamaged or were slashed with a knife 27 d or 9 d before harvesting for corn Silage. Whole plants were harvested at about 36% DM in a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were time of damaging the ears (27 d, 9 d, or no damage) relative to harvest and no additive or 0.1% (fresh weight) potassium sorbate. Damaging plants 9 d prior to harvest did not affect the concentrations of deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and zearalenone in plants at harvest. However, concentrations of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin were increased in fresh forage that had ears damaged at 27 d when compared to corn plants that were undamaged. Corn plants damaged for 27 d prior to harvest also had a lower concentration of starch than corn damaged for 9 d but was higher in acid detergent fiber than other treatments. The addition of potassium sorbate at harvest had no effect on the concentrations of mycotoxins in the resulting Silage, but concentrations of mycotoxins were still greatest in Silage made from plants that were damaged the longest prior to harvest (27 d). Silages treated with potassium sorbate had fewer yeasts and molds than Silages without the additive. Damaging ears of corn before harvest had no effects on the aerobic stability of Silages in both experiments. In contrast, the addition of the inoculant and potassium sorbate improved aerobic stabilities of Silages when compared to untreated Silages. These studies showed that physical damage to ears of corn prior to harvest can result in the production of mycotoxins in the field. This finding suggests that producers should test corn Silage for mycotoxins prior to feeding especially if the forage has been subjected to physical damage prior to ensiling.
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the effects of lactobacillus buchneri with or without a homolactic bacterium on the Fermentation and aerobic stability of corn Silages made at different locations
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: R J Schmidt, L. KungAbstract:Abstract Whole-plant corn (31 to 39% dry matter) from several locations was chopped, treated with nothing (U), Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (4×10 5 cfu/g; LB), or L. buchneri (4×10 5 cfu/g) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (1×10 5 cfu/g; LBPP), and packed into quadruplicate 20-L silos to determine their effects on Silage Fermentation and aerobic stability after 120 d of storage. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with main effects of treatment (T), block (location; L), and T × L interaction. Dry matter recovery was different among locations but unaffected by T. The population of lactic acid bacteria was greater in LB and LBPP than in U, and the opposite was true regarding the population of yeasts. Numbers of L. buchneri (colony-forming unit equivalents), determined by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were higher in 4 of 5 locations for LB and LBPP compared with U (T × L interaction) with an average 6.70 log cfu/g for LB and LBPP versus 4.87 log cfu/g for U. Silages inoculated with LB and LBPP had higher Silage pH and higher concentrations of acetic acid and 1,2 propanediol but lower concentrations of ethanol and water-soluble carbohydrates; there was a T × L interaction for all these variables. Aerobic stability was improved by LB and LBPP (mean of 136h) compared with U (44h), but there was an interaction between T × L. In general, locations with the highest population of L. buchneri had the largest increases in acetic acid and, consequently, the greatest improvements in aerobic stability. The addition of L. buchneri 40788 alone or with P. pentosaceus resulted in similar effects on Silage Fermentation and aerobic stability, but the effects were variable among locations, suggesting that unidentified factors; for example, in the field or on the forage crop, may alter the effectiveness of microbial inoculation.
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the effects of lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and pediococcus pentosaceus r1094 on the Fermentation of corn Silage
Journal of Dairy Science, 2006Co-Authors: D H Kleinschmit, L. KungAbstract:Abstract The effect of inoculating whole-plant corn at the time of harvest with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (4×10 5 cfu/g of fresh forage) combined with Pediococcus pentosaceus R1094 (1×10 5 cfu/g) on the Fermentation and aerobic stability of corn Silage (37% dry matter) through 361 d of ensiling was investigated. Dry matter recovery was similar between treatments throughout the study except at one early time point (14 d), when treated Silage had a lower recovery than untreated Silage. The concentration of lactic acid was unaffected by inoculation but inoculated Silages had greater concentrations of 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid from 56 to 361 d of storage. In general, inoculation decreased the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates but increased the concentration of ethanol. The numbers of yeasts was lower in inoculated Silage at 42, 56, 70, and 282 d of ensiling. However, inoculation did not consistently improve the aerobic stability of Silage, suggesting that microbes other than yeasts may have been responsible for aerobic instability in this study. Even after prolonged storage (361 d), Silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 and P. pentosaceus R1094 had normal Silage Fermentation characteristics.
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the effect of treating alfalfa with lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on Silage Fermentation aerobic stability and nutritive value for lactating dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2003Co-Authors: L. Kung, C C Taylor, M P Lynch, J M NeylonAbstract:Abstract Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and enzymes ( β -glucanase, α -amylase, xylanase, and galactomannase) were applied to chopped alfalfa (39% DM) to study their effects on the Fermentation and nutritive value of the Silage. Alfalfa was treated with nothing, or L. buchneri 40788, for a final application rate of 1×10 5 , 5×10 5 , or 1×10 6 cfu/g of fresh forage and ensiled in laboratory silos for 2, 4, 8, and 56 d. Treatment with L. buchneri 40788 had few effects on the end products of Fermentation through 8 d of ensiling. However, after 56 d of ensiling, treated Silages had a higher pH (4.55 vs. 4.38) and higher concentrations of acetic acid (6.40 vs. 4.24%), propionic acid (0.18 vs. 0.06%), and ammonia-N (0.35 vs. 0.29%) when compared to untreated Silage. Lactic acid was also numerically lower in treated (3.51%) than untreated (4.12%). Silages treated with the moderate and highest dose of L. buchneri 40788 also resulted in greater recoveries of DM than did untreated Silage. Alfalfa (43% DM) was also untreated or treated with a commercial application of L. buchneri 40788 (4×10 5 cfu/g, a commercial dose) in farm-scale bag silo. Holstein cows were fed a diet comprised of 32% untreated or treated alfalfa Silage, 11% corn Silage, 5% chopped alfalfa hay, and 52% of concentrate (DMB) for a 6-wk treatment period. Dry matter intake and milk composition were unaffected by treatment, but cows fed Silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 produced 0.8kg more milk than did cows fed untreated Silage. Treated Silage had a higher concentration of acetic acid (5.67 vs. 3.35%) but lower lactic acid (3.50 vs. 4.39%) than untreated Silage. When exposed to air, the total mixed ration containing treated alfalfa Silage remained stable for 100h, whereas the ration containing untreated Silage spoiled after 68h. Treating alfalfa Silage with L. buchneri 40788 increased the concentration of acetic acid, and when the Silage was combined into a total mixed ration and fed to lactating cows, it improved the aerobic stability of the ration and increased milk production.
Wenlong Gou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inoculation of exogenous lactic acid bacteria exerted a limited influence on the Silage Fermentation and bacterial community compositions of reed canary grass straw on the qinghai tibetan plateau
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Liangyin Chen, Yimin Cai, Minghong You, Qiming Cheng, Wenlong GouAbstract:AIMS This study evaluated the effects of exogenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on Silage Fermentation and bacterial community of reed canary grass (RCG) straw. METHODS AND RESULTS The leaf, stem and whole crop of RCG straw were separately ensiled in small bag silos, without (control) or with inoculation of two exogenous LAB (LP, Lactobacillus plantarum; LB, Lactobacillus buchneri), and stored at ambient temperature of 0·05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Particularly, inoculation of LB increased (P < 0·05) acetic acid and propionic acid contents, decreased (P < 0·05) butyric acid (BA) and ammonia-N contents, separated (P < 0·05) the bacterial community in Silage. However, the exogenous LAB inoculated Silages were characterized by main distribution of yeasts, presence of undesirable bacterial genera such as Clostridium and high levels of BA and ammonia-N. CONCLUSION Inoculation of exogenous LAB exerted a limited influence on the Silage Fermentation and bacterial community compositions of RCG straw on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Commercial LAB inoculants are not always efficient on enhancing Silage quality and stability. Thus, an alternative additive for inhibiting undesirable microbes during storage is important to improve RCG Silage quality on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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effects of inoculants on the Fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of reed canary grass phalaris arundinacea l Silage on the qinghai tibetan plateau
Animal Science Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Liangyin Chen, Shiqie Bai, Minghong You, Qiming Cheng, Wenlong Gou, Yimin CaiAbstract:To effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, direct-cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) Silages were prepared by using a rolled-bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7-14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated Silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia-N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB-inoculated Silage, whereas LPLBc-treated Silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc-inoculated Silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve Silage Fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Liangyin Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inoculation of exogenous lactic acid bacteria exerted a limited influence on the Silage Fermentation and bacterial community compositions of reed canary grass straw on the qinghai tibetan plateau
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Liangyin Chen, Yimin Cai, Minghong You, Qiming Cheng, Wenlong GouAbstract:AIMS This study evaluated the effects of exogenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on Silage Fermentation and bacterial community of reed canary grass (RCG) straw. METHODS AND RESULTS The leaf, stem and whole crop of RCG straw were separately ensiled in small bag silos, without (control) or with inoculation of two exogenous LAB (LP, Lactobacillus plantarum; LB, Lactobacillus buchneri), and stored at ambient temperature of 0·05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Particularly, inoculation of LB increased (P < 0·05) acetic acid and propionic acid contents, decreased (P < 0·05) butyric acid (BA) and ammonia-N contents, separated (P < 0·05) the bacterial community in Silage. However, the exogenous LAB inoculated Silages were characterized by main distribution of yeasts, presence of undesirable bacterial genera such as Clostridium and high levels of BA and ammonia-N. CONCLUSION Inoculation of exogenous LAB exerted a limited influence on the Silage Fermentation and bacterial community compositions of RCG straw on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Commercial LAB inoculants are not always efficient on enhancing Silage quality and stability. Thus, an alternative additive for inhibiting undesirable microbes during storage is important to improve RCG Silage quality on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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effects of inoculants on the Fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of reed canary grass phalaris arundinacea l Silage on the qinghai tibetan plateau
Animal Science Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Liangyin Chen, Shiqie Bai, Minghong You, Qiming Cheng, Wenlong Gou, Yimin CaiAbstract:To effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, direct-cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) Silages were prepared by using a rolled-bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7-14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated Silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia-N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB-inoculated Silage, whereas LPLBc-treated Silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc-inoculated Silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve Silage Fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
P Okiely - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Silage Fermentation characteristics of three common grassland species in response to advancing stage of maturity and additive application
Grass and Forage Science, 2014Co-Authors: J Mceniry, C King, P OkielyAbstract:This study investigated the effects of advancing stage of maturity and additive treatment on the Fermentation characteristics of three common grassland species. Perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L., var. Gandalf), timothy (Phleum pratense L., var. Erecta) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L., var. Merviot) were harvested at three dates in the primary growth (11 May, 8 June and 6 July; Harvests 1–3) and ensiled with the following additive treatments: (1) control (i.e. no treatment), (2) formic acid-based additive, (3) homofermentative lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculant and (4) heterofermentative LAB inoculant. Additive application to the PRG (irrespective of harvest date), the late-harvest timothy (Harvest 3) and the red clover (Harvests 2 and 3) herbages had little impact on Silage Fermentation characteristics, where a lactic acid dominant Fermentation already prevailed. However, the application of the formic acid-based additive to the Harvest 1 and 2 timothy and Harvest 1 red clover herbages, where the Silage Fermentation characteristics were poorer, resulted in an increase in the proportion of lactic acid in total Fermentation products and a decrease in pH. In contrast, the heterofermentative LAB inoculant had a negative impact on Silage Fermentation characteristics where a poor preservation prevailed in the corresponding control Silage.
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grass for biogas production the impact of Silage Fermentation characteristics on methane yield in two contrasting biomethane potential test systems
Renewable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: J Mceniry, Eoi Alle, Jerry D Murphy, P OkielyAbstract:Grassland biomass is likely to be harvested and stored as Silage to ensure a predictable quality and a constant supply of feedstock to an anaerobic digestion facility. Grass (Phleum pratense L. var. Erecta) was ensiled following the application of one of six contrasting additive treatments or a 6 h wilt treatment to investigate the effects of contrasting Silage Fermentation characteristics on CH4 yield. In general, Silage Fermentation characteristics had relatively little effect on specific CH4 yield (from 344 to 383 Nl CH4 kg−1 volatile solids). However, the high concentrations of Fermentation products such as ethanol and butyric acid following clostridial and heterofermentative lactic acid bacterial Fermentations resulted in a numerically higher specific CH4 yield. While the latter Fermentation products of undesirable microbial activity have the potential to enhance specific CH4 yield, the numerically higher specific CH4 yield may not compensate for the associated total solids and energy losses during ensiling.
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in vitro rumen methane output of grasses and grass Silages differing in Fermentation characteristics using the gas production technique gpt
Grass and Forage Science, 2013Co-Authors: Marti Obrie, A Navarrovilla, Secundino Lopez, T M Oland, P OkielyAbstract:The chemical composition of Silage consumed by cattle can influence the subsequent rumen microbial Fermentation patterns and methane (CH4) emissions. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the effect of enSilage on the in vitro rumen methane output of perennial ryegrass and (ii) relate the Silage Fermentation characteristics of grass Silages with in vitro rumen methanogenesis. Three pre-harvest herbage-conditioning treatments and seven Silage-additive treatments were used in a laboratory-scale silo experiment to produce a diversity of Silage Fermentation characteristics. EnSilage reduced (P < 0·01) the in vitro rumen CH4 output (mL CH4 g−1 dry matter (DM) disappeared). This reflected differences in the direction of rumen Fermentation (lower acetic (P < 0·05) and higher propionic (P < 0·001) acid proportions in volatile fatty acids) rather than major changes in the extent of in vitro rumen Fermentation (i.e. mmol VFA g−1 DM). The magnitude of the decrease in CH4 output (mL g−1 DM incubated) owing to enSilage increased as the extent of Silage Fermentation, and in particular the lactic acid concentration, increased. In contrast, among Silages with relatively similar extents of Silage Fermentation (i.e. total Fermentation products), an increase in the proportion of lactic acid in Silage Fermentation products led to a more extensive in vitro rumen Fermentation and thus to a greater CH4 output (mL g−1 DM).
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an evaluation of the effects of rate of nitrogen fertilization of grassland on Silage Fermentation in silo losses effluent production and aerobic stability
Grass and Forage Science, 1996Co-Authors: T W J Keady, P OkielyAbstract:A factorial experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of level of nitrogen (N) application to grassland and subsequent treatment of the herbage at ensiling with formic acid on the rate of Silage Fermentation, dry-matter (DM) recovery, aerobic stability and effluent production. Herbage from the primary regrowth of predominantly perennial ryegrass swards received either 72 (LN), 126 (MN) or 180 (HN) kg N ha−1. The herbages were harvested and yield estimated after a 50-day regrowth interval. After storage for 24 h in polythene bags, the herbages were ensiled, unwilled, in laboratory silos (6 kg capacity) either untreated (UT) or treated with formic acid (F) at 3 ml (kg herbage)−1. Three silos per treatment were opened and sampled on days 1, 3, 6, 15, 50 and 105 after ensiling. The mean herbage yields for the LN, MN and HN swards were 5.2, 6.3 and 6.2 (s.e. = 0.27) t DM ha−1 and there was no carryover effect of nitrogen treatment on the yield of a subsequent 22-day regrowth harvested on 2 September. As level of fertilizer N application increased, concentrations in the herbage at mowing of crude protein, nitrate and ash increased, DM decreased and water-soluble carbohydrate and in vitro DM digestibility remained unchanged. Increasing the rate of N fertilizer to the sward resulted in higher Silage pH (P 0.05) on DM recovery. It is concluded that the rate and extent of pH decline was reduced with increasing N application, associated with increased buffering capacity and decreased DM concentrations of the herbage at ensiling. However, increasing the level of N fertilizer applied increased DM recovery and effluent output, and improved aerobic stability of the resulting Silages.
