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Zhongzhong Bai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on the growth and d-lactic acid production of Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5
Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Zhongzhong Bai, Zhen GaoAbstract:The impact of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on the cell growth and d-lactic production of Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5 was investigated. At high concentrations, both furans and phenolics, such as furfural, HMF, syringaldehyde and vanillin, affected cell growth and d-lactic acid production and syringaldehyde exhibited the highest. Further experiments showed that only vanillin caused cellular membrane damage. Based on the Biolog approach, in vivo studies on intact S. inulinus cells indicated that phenolics had a stronger inhibitory effect than furan derivatives on the metabolic activity of the concerned substrates related with the key enzymes of d-lactic acid fermentation. The direct in vitro inhibitory effect of the model compounds on the four key enzymes displayed similar patterns. Syringaldehyde was the strongest inhibitor. In general, comparison with published results for other microorganisms indicated that strain YBS1-5 was a robust microorganism against inhibitors of lignocellulose hydrolysate. Notably, in concentrated corn stover hydrolysate, S. inulinus YBS1-5 produced 70.7 g/L d-lactic acid, which was 87.7 % of the yield from the control experiment. However, the fermentation time was prolonged 36 h. In order to improve fermentation rate, a detoxification technology or more robust mutant to phenolics especially syringaldehyde should be developed.
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enhanced production of d lactic acid by Sporolactobacillus sp y2 8 mutant generated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Jiaduo Sun, Yan Wang, Zhongzhong BaiAbstract:To improve the production of d-lactic acid, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) was used to generate mutations in Sporolactobacillus sp. Y2-8. An efficient mutant YBS1-5 was rapidly isolated by implanting ARTP twice with a 100 W radio-frequency power input, 10 standard liters per minute of the helium flow, and a 2 mm treatment distance. Significant improvement of d-lactic acid productivity (1.39 g L(-1) H(-1) ) by YBS1-5 was achieved, and it was 41.84% higher than the productivity (0.98 g L(-1) H(-1) ) of Y2-8. Moreover, the dry cell weight of YBS1-5 was 16.7% higher than that of Y2-8. Metabolic activities of concerned substrates related with key enzymes of d-lactic acid fermentation were analyzed by Biolog approach. Results showed that the activities of the key enzymes glucokinase and d-lactate dehydrogenase in mutant YBS1-5 were increased by approximately 45% and 66%, respectively, in comparison with those of the strain Y2-8. Fed-batch fermentation further improved the productivity; 127 g L(-1) d-lactic acid in 74 H by YBS1-5 with higher productivity (1.72 g L(-1) H(-1) ) was achieved. The subculture experiments indicated that YBS1-5 was genetically stable after eight generations.
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mn 2 mg 2 dependent pyruvate kinase from a d lactic acid producing bacterium Sporolactobacillus inulinus characterization of a novel mn 2 mediated allosterically regulated enzyme
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Lu Zheng, Zhongzhong BaiAbstract:Sporolactobacillus inulinus has attracted scientific and commercial interest due to its high efficiency in d-lactic acid production. Pyruvate kinase (PYK) is one of the key regulatory points in glycolysis, and well-activated PYK can improve d-lactic acid production. A novel Mn2+/Mg2+-dependent PYK from S. inulinus was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Kinetic characterization demonstrated that the S. inulinus PYK had drastically higher activity and affinity toward substrates in the presence of Mn2+ compared to those of the common PYK cofactor Mg2+, and the circular dichroism spectra of the S. inulinus PYK suggested a Mn2+-mediated allosteric activation. The S. inulinus PYK was also allosterically regulated by ribose-5-phosphate or AMP activation and inorganic phosphate or ATP inhibition. The inhibition could be marked reduced or fully eliminated in the presence of activators. The result of fermentations by S. inulinus Y2-8 showed that the extracellular-added MnSO4 and KH2PO4 significantly affected glycolysis flux and d-lactic acid production, which is consistent with the allosteric regulation of Mn2+ and inorganic phosphate on PYK. The sophisticated regulatory role of PYK would establish the foundation of substantial disturbance or restructuring of cellular metabolism for improving the S. inulinus d-lactic acid production.
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acid producing bacterium Sporolactobacillus inulinus characterization of a novel mn 2 mediated allosterically regulated enzyme
2014Co-Authors: Lu Zheng, Zhongzhong BaiAbstract:Sporolactobacillus inulinus has attracted scientif- ic and commercial interest due to its high efficiency in D- lactic acid production. Pyruvate kinase (PYK) is one of the key regulatory points in glycolysis, and well-activated PYK can improve D-lactic acid production. A novel Mn 2+ /Mg 2+ - dependent PYK from S. inulinus was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Kinetic char- acterization demonstrated that the S. inulinus PYK had drastically higher activity and affinity toward substrates in the presence of Mn 2+ compared to those of the common PYK cofactor Mg 2+ , and the circular dichroism spectra of the S. inulinus PYK suggested a Mn 2+ -mediated allosteric activation. The S. inulinus PYK was also allosterically reg- ulated by ribose-5-phosphate or AMP activation and inor- ganic phosphate or ATP inhibition. The inhibition could be marked reduced or fully eliminated in the presence of acti- vators. The result of fermentations by S. inulinus Y2- 8 showed that the extracellular-added MnSO4 and KH2PO4 significantly affected glycolysis flux and D-lactic acid production, which is consistent with the allosteric reg- ulation of Mn 2+ and inorganic phosphate on PYK. The sophisticated regulatory role of PYK would establish the foundation of substantial disturbance or restructuring of cellular metabolism for improving the S. inulinus D-lactic acid production.
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glucokinase contributes to glucose phosphorylation in d lactic acid production by Sporolactobacillus inulinus y2 8
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2012Co-Authors: Lu Zheng, Zhongzhong BaiAbstract:Sporolactobacillusinulinus, a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium, is a species capable of efficient industrial d-lactic acid production from glucose. Glucose phosphorylation is the key step of glucose metabolism, and fine-tuned expression of which can improve d-lactic acid production. During growth on high-concentration glucose, a fast induction of high glucokinase (GLK) activity was observed, and paralleled the patterns of glucose consumption and d-lactic acid accumulation, while phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) activity was completely repressed. The transmembrane proton gradient of 1.3–1.5 units was expected to generate a large proton motive force to the uptake of glucose. This suggests that the GLK pathway is the major route for glucose utilization, with the uptake of glucose through PTS-independent transport systems and phosphorylation of glucose by GLK in S. inulinusd-lactic acid production. The gene encoding GLK was cloned from S. inulinus and expressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence revealed significant similarity to GLK sequences from Bacillaceae. The recombinant GLK was purified and shown to be a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 34.5 kDa. Strikingly, it demonstrated an unusual broad substrate specificity, catalyzing phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose, mannitol, maltose, galactose and glucosamine, in addition to glucose. This report documented the key step concerning glucose phosphorylation of S. inulinus, which will help to understand the regulation of glucose metabolism and d-lactic acid production.
Limin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE The D-Lactate Dehydrogenase from Sporolactobacillus inulinus Also Possessing Reversible Deamination Activity
2016Co-Authors: Lingfeng Zhu, Limin Wang, Hui DongAbstract:Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases are responsible for the conversion of 2-keto acids to 2-hydro-xyacids and have a wide range of biotechnological applications. In this study, a D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) from a Sporolactobacillus inulinus strain was experimentally veri-fied to have both the D-LDH and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities (reversible deamination). The catalytic mechanism was demonstrated by identification of key residues from the crystal structure analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. The Arg234 and Gly79 resi-dues of this enzyme play a significant role in both D-LDH and GDH activities. His295 and Phe298 in DLDH744 were identified to be key residues for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity only whereas Tyr101 is a unique residue that is critical for GDH activity. Characteriza-tion of the biochemical properties contributes to understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this novel D-lactate dehydrogenase enzyme
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the d lactate dehydrogenase from Sporolactobacillus inulinus also possessing reversible deamination activity
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Lingfeng Zhu, Limin Wang, Hui DongAbstract:Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases are responsible for the conversion of 2-keto acids to 2-hydroxyacids and have a wide range of biotechnological applications. In this study, a D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) from a Sporolactobacillus inulinus strain was experimentally verified to have both the D-LDH and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities (reversible deamination). The catalytic mechanism was demonstrated by identification of key residues from the crystal structure analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. The Arg234 and Gly79 residues of this enzyme play a significant role in both D-LDH and GDH activities. His295 and Phe298 in DLDH744 were identified to be key residues for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity only whereas Tyr101 is a unique residue that is critical for GDH activity. Characterization of the biochemical properties contributes to understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this novel D-lactate dehydrogenase enzyme.
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nadp preferring d lactate dehydrogenase from Sporolactobacillus inulinus
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Lingfeng Zhu, Limin Wang, Hui DongAbstract:Hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, including l- and d-lactate dehydrogenases (L-LDH and D-LDH), are responsible for the stereospecific conversion of 2-keto acids to 2-hydroxyacids and extensively used in a wide range of biotechnological applications. A common feature of LDHs is their high specificity for NAD(+) as a cofactor. An LDH that could effectively use NADPH as a coenzyme could be an alternative enzymatic system for regeneration of the oxidized, phosphorylated cofactor. In this study, a d-lactate dehydrogenase from a Sporolactobacillus inulinus strain was found to use both NADH and NADPH with high efficiencies and with a preference for NADPH as its coenzyme, which is different from the coenzyme utilization of all previously reported LDHs. The biochemical properties of the D-LDH enzyme were determined by X-ray crystal structural characterization and in vivo and in vitro enzymatic activity analyses. The residue Asn(174) was demonstrated to be critical for NADPH utilization. Characterization of the biochemical properties of this enzyme will contribute to understanding of the catalytic mechanism and provide referential information for shifting the coenzyme utilization specificity of 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases.
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genome sequence of Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus dsm442 an efficient polymer grade d lactate producer from agricultural waste cottonseed as a nitrogen source
Genome Announcements, 2013Co-Authors: Hongyan Wang, Limin WangAbstract:ABSTRACT Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus DSM442 is an efficient polymer-grade d-lactic acid producer from low-cost agricultural waste cottonseed powder as the sole nitrogen source. Here we present a 3.59-Mb assembly of its genome sequence, which might provide useful information to further improve the strain for higher production titers.
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efficient production of polymer grade d lactate by Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus dsm442 with agricultural waste cottonseed as the sole nitrogen source
Bioresource Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Limin WangAbstract:In this study, we show that Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus DSM442 can produce d-lactate by using cottonseed as the sole nitrogen source. The cottonseed was enzymatically hydrolyzed and simultaneously utilized during d-lactate fermentation. Under optimal conditions, a high d-lactic acid concentration (144.4 g/L) was obtained in a fed-batch fermentation within 35 h, with an average productivity of 4.13 g/(Lh) and a yield of 0.96 g/g glucose. The optical purity of d-lactic acid in the broth was 99.3%, which meets the requirement for use in lactic acid polymerization. Our study represents a cost-effective method for polymer-grade d-lactate production using cheap agricultural wastes.
Jose Luis Ruizbarba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial diversity and dynamics of spanish style green table olive fermentations in large manufacturing companies through culture dependent techniques
Food Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Helena Lucenapadros, Belen Caballeroguerrero, Antonio Maldonadobarragan, Jose Luis RuizbarbaAbstract:We have studied the microbiota associated to Spanish-style green olive fermentations, attending to its dynamics along the time. Twenty 10-tonne fermenters were selected from two large table-olive manufacturing companies in southern Spain. While culture-dependent methodology was used to isolate the microorganisms, molecular methods were used to identify the isolates. A total of 1070 isolates were obtained, resulting in 929 bacterial and 141 yeast isolates. Thirty seven different bacterial species were isolated, belonging to 18 different genera, while 12 yeast species were isolated, belonging to 7 distinct genera. This fermentation was dominated by the species Lactobacillus pentosus, while its accessory microbiota was variable and depended on the fermentation stage and the actual fermentation yard ("patio"). It was noticeable the abundance of lactic acid bacteria isolates, belonging to 16 different species. Twenty bacterial species were isolated for the first time from Spanish-style green olive fermentations, while 17 had not been described before in any table olive preparation. The genera Brachybacterium, Paenibacillus, Sporolactobacillus, Paracoccus and Yersinia had not been cited before from any table olive preparation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida thaimueangensis appeared to dominate the yeast microbiota. Candida butyri/asseri and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa had not been described before from Spanish-style preparations, while Saturnispora mendoncae was isolated for the first time from any table olive preparation. Biodiversity was analysed through different alpha and beta indexes which showed the evolution of the microbiota over time.
Kazuo Komagata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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proposal of Sporolactobacillus nakayamae subsp nakayamae sp nov subsp nov Sporolactobacillus nakayamae subsp racemicus subsp nov Sporolactobacillus terrae sp nov Sporolactobacillus kofuensis sp nov and Sporolactobacillus lactosus sp nov
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 1997Co-Authors: Fujitoshi Yanagida, Kenichiro Suzuki, Michio Kozaki, Kazuo KomagataAbstract:Catalase-negative spore-forming lactic acid bacteria were isolated from soil samples and fermentation starters for Asian traditional alcoholic beverages. The isolates were characterized by determining morphological, biochemical, physiological, and chemotaxonomic properties and were found to be members of the genus Sporolactobacillus. Twelve isolates and some authentic strains belonging to this genus were used in DNA base composition and DNA relatedness studies, and the results revealed that the strains tested could be divided into six groups which correlated with the phenotypic characteristics. One of the groups corresponded to the previously described species Sporolactobacillus inulinus. In addition, we propose the following four new species and two new subspecies for the remaining five groups: Sporolactobacillus nakayamae subsp. nakayamae sp. nov., subsp. nov. (type strain, M-114 [= JCM 3514]), Sporolactobacillus nakayamae subsp. racemicus subsp. nov. (type strain, M-17 [= JCM 3417]), Sporolactobacillus terrae sp. nov. (type strain, M-116 [= JCM 3516]), Sporolactobacillus kofuensis sp. nov. (type strain, M-19 [= JCM 3419]), and Sporolactobacillus lactosus sp. nov. (type strain, Xl-1 [= JCM 9690]).
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Comparison of H2O-forming NADH oxidase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides NRIC 1541T and H2O2-forming NADH oxidase from Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T
Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 1996Co-Authors: Mitsuo Sakamoto, Tai Uchimura, Kazuo KomagataAbstract:Abstract H 2 O-forming NADH oxidase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides NRIC 1541 T and H 2 O 2 -forming NADH oxidase from Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133 T were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. These enzymes exhibited the absorption spectrum typical of a flavoprotein, and their activities were inhibited by inhibitors of the flavoprotein enzyme such as quinine and quinacrine. In addition, cofactors of the above-mentioned enzymes were identified as FAD. L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides NADH oxidase catalyzed the reduction of oxygen to water with β-NADH as the substrate, while S. inulinus NADH oxidase catalyzed the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides NADH oxidase activity was slightly enhanced by the addition of FAD to the reaction mixture whereas S. inulinus NADH oxidase activity was markedly enhanced. In the absence of free FAD, neither enzyme catalyzed electron transfer from β-NADH to hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of free FAD, S. inulinus NADH oxidase catalyzed electron transfer from β-NADH to hydrogen peroxide, but L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides NADH oxidase did not. This finding suggests that S. inulinus NADH oxidase has an NADH peroxidase activity. L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides contains NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase, and an NADH oxidase/NADH peroxidase coupling system is thought to control the intracellular redox balance and protect this bacterium from hydrogen peroxide toxicity. By contrast, a single enzyme in S. inulinus exhibits both NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase activity. Consequently, despite the fact that they lack the respiratory chain and catalase, these bacteria grow well under aerobic conditions. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides NADH oxidase is very similar to those of other H 2 O-forming NADH oxidases. On the other hand, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of S. inulinus NADH oxidase is very similar to those of other H 2 O 2 -forming NADH oxidases.
Somboon Tanasupawat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Draft genome sequencing of Sporolactobacillus terrae SBT-1, an efficient bacterium to ferment concentrated sugar to d-lactic acid
Archives of Microbiology, 2021Co-Authors: Sitanan Thitiprasert, Vasana Tolieng, Naoto Tanaka, Somboon Tanasupawat, Jirabhorn Piluk, Yuh Shiwa, Nobuyuki Fujita, Nuttha ThongchulAbstract:Recently, the industrial-scale development of microbial d -lactic acid production has been discussed. In this study, the efficiency of the new isolate Sporolactobacillus terrae SBT-1 for producing d -lactic acid under challenge conditions was investigated. The isolate SBT-1 exhibited superior activity in fermenting a very high glucose or sucrose concentration to d -lactic acid compared to the other S. terrae isolates previously reported in the literature; therefore, SBT-1 could overcome the limitations of effective lactic acid production. In batch cultivation using 360 g/L glucose, SBT-1 produced 290.30 g/L d -lactate with a sufficiently high glucose conversion yield of 86%, volumetric productivity of 3.02 g/L h, and optical purity of 96.80% enantiomer excess. SBT-1 could also effectively utilize 440 g/L sucrose as a sole carbon source to produce 276.50 g/L lactic acid with a conversion yield of 90%, a production rate of 2.88 g/L h, and an optical purity of 98%. d -Lactic acid fermentation by two other related producers, S. inulinus NRIC1133^T and S. terrae NRIC0357^T, was compared with fermentation by isolate SBT-1. The experimental data revealed that SBT-1 possessed the ability to ferment relatively high glucose or sucrose concentrations to d -lactic acid without obvious catabolite repression and byproduct formation compared to the two reference strains. In draft genome sequencing of S. terrae SBT-1, the results provided here can promote further study to overcome the current limitations for the industrial-scale production of d -lactic acid.
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Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp nov a lactic acid producing bacterium isolated from tree bark
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Vasana Tolieng, Budsabathip Prasirtsak, Mika Miyashita, Chiyo Shibata, Naoto Tanaka, Nuttha Thongchul, Somboon TanasupawatAbstract:A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. Polar lipids were phosphatidglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus . MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamae subsp. nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamae subsp. racemicus NBRC 101524T. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus . It had low DNA–DNA relatedness (22.8–57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T).
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characterisation of lactic acid producing Sporolactobacillus strains from tree barks in thailand
Annals of Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Tanatip Thamacharoensuk, Vasana Tolieng, Nuttha Thongchul, Kentaro Kodama, Somboon TanasupawatAbstract:Eight spore-forming lactic acid producing bacteria were isolated from tree barks in Thailand. They were identified as Sporolactobacillus nakayamae (Group I, three isolates), S. terrae (Group II, two isolates), S. kofuensis (Group III, one isolate) and S. inulinus (Group IV, two isolates) based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Four isolates in Groups I and II produced DL lactic acid (89.60–114.61 g/L), while three isolates in Groups III and IV produced D-lactic acid (88.01–113.78 g/L). Isolate BK65-3 identified as S. inulinus produced the highest D-lactic acid concentrations (101.42 g/L), productivity (1.41 g/L/h), yields (84.52%) and optical purity of D-lactic acid (100%).
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Sporolactobacillus shoreae sp nov and Sporolactobacillus spathodeae sp nov two spore forming lactic acid bacteria isolated from tree barks in thailand
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Tanatip Thamacharoensuk, Nuttha Thongchul, Maki Kitahara, Moriya Ohkuma, Somboon TanasupawatAbstract:Two Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming lactic acid bacteria, designated BK92T and BK117-1T, were isolated from tree barks in Thailand. Cells were catalase-negative and facultatively anaerobic rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belonged to the genus Sporolactobacillus . Strains BK92T and BK117-1T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus putidus QC81-06T with 97.7 % and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the positions of strains BK92T and BK117-1T were clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus . Strains BK92T and BK117-1T had low DNA–DNA relatedness between each other and also with S. putidus QC81-06T and Sporolactobacillus vineae SL153T. The DNA G+C content of strains BK92T and BK117-1T was 46.6 mol% and 47.4 mol%, respectively. The major fatty acids of strains BK92T and BK117-1T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. They contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan and had menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. Based on evidence including phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, strains BK92T and BK117-1T should be classified as representatives of novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus , for which the names Sporolactobacillus shoreae sp. nov. and Sporolactobacillus spathodeae sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains are BK92T ( = JCM 19541T = LMG 28365T = PCU 336T = TISTR 2234T) and BK117-1T ( = JCM 19542T = LMG 28366T = PCU 337T = TISTR 2235T).
