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Eddie W. Cupp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identification of semiochemicals attractive to Simulium vittatum is 7
    Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2017
    Co-Authors: G G Verocai, Raymond Noblet, Eddie W. Cupp, Tommy W Mcgaha, Joseph P Iburg, Charles R Katholi, Thomas R Unnasch
    Abstract:

    . Many blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) are economically important insect pests, both as nuisance biters and as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. Among the important blackfly pest species in North America is Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt sensu lato. The objective of this study was to identify compounds excreted by mammalian hosts that are attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females. The attractiveness of putative compounds to colonized S. vittatum was tested through electrophysiological (electroantennography; n = 58 compounds) and behavioural (Y-tube assays; n = 7 compounds in three concentrations) bioassays. Five compounds were significantly attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females: 1-octen-3-ol; 2-heptanone; acetophenone; 1-octanol, and naphthalene. These candidate compounds might be useful as attractants in traps that could be developed for use in alternative or complementary management tactics in programmes to suppress nuisance blackfly populations, or for the collection of samples in which to study the transmission ecology of pathogens transmitted by blackflies of the S. vittatum complex.

  • Identification of Communal Oviposition Pheromones from the Black Fly Simulium vittatum
    2015
    Co-Authors: Tommy W Mcgaha, Eddie W. Cupp, Joseph P Iburg, Charles R Katholi, Ryan M. Young, Nathan D. Burkett-cadena, Jeremy M. Beau, Sayed Hassan, Bill J. Baker, Thomas R Unnasch
    Abstract:

    The suite of pheromones that promote communal oviposition by Simulium vittatum, a North American black fly species, was identified and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electrophysiological, and behavioral bioassays. Behavioral assays demonstrated that communal oviposition was induced by egg-derived compounds that were active at short range and whose effect was enhanced through direct contact. Three compounds (cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol, 1-pentadecene, and 1-tridecene) were identified in a non-polar solvent extract of freshly deposited S. vittatum eggs that were capable of inducing the oviposition response. Electroantennography demonstrated that two of these three compounds (1-pentadecene and 1-tridecene) actively stimulated antennal neurons. Identification of the oviposition pheromones of this family may be helpful in developing control measures for nuisance black flies and for medically-important species such as Simulium damnosum sensu lato.

  • Compounds identified as oviposition pheromones in Dipteran species.
    2015
    Co-Authors: Tommy W Mcgaha, Eddie W. Cupp, Joseph P Iburg, Charles R Katholi, Ryan M. Young, Nathan D. Burkett-cadena, Jeremy M. Beau, Sayed Hassan, Bill J. Baker, Thomas R Unnasch
    Abstract:

    Oviposition pheromones were identified in the following sources: Simulium vittatum, this work; Culex spp. [14]; Aedes aegypti [19]; Lutzomyia longipalpis [5]; Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. m. centralis [20].

  • chromosomal localization of two antihemostatic salivary factors in Simulium vittatum diptera simuliidae
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2005
    Co-Authors: William Procunier, Mary S. Cupp, Dunhua Zhang, Michael E Miller, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    The chromosomal locations of two genes encoding the salivary protein products Simulidin (SVAT) and Simulium vittatum erythyma protein (SVEP) were identified using high-resolution cytogenetic mapping. Chromosomal subsection levels were determined from larval and adult salivary gland polytene chromosomes and adult Malphigian tubule chromosomes. Syntenic relationships occurred for both loci from a wild population of Simulium vittatum IIIL-1 collected in central Alabama and the colonized IS-7 S. vittatum sibling. cSVAT mapped to the short arm of chromosomes III, IIIS-72a4.5 and cSVEP mapped to the long arm of chromosome III, IIIL-96b1. cSVAT sits proximal to a common IIIS-2 paracentric inversion, which occurs predominately as the standard sequence in the IIIL-1 sibling and as the inverted sequence in the IS-7 sibling. cSVEP sits close to the differentiated X chromosomes in the IIIL-1 sibling.

  • Orientation of Onchocerca lienalis stiles (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) microfilariae to black fly saliva.
    Journal of medical entomology, 2002
    Co-Authors: T. Stallings, Mary S. Cupp, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    Abstract Black flies (Simulium spp.) are intermediate hosts and vectors of parasitic nematodes belonging to the genus Onchocerca (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). Infection and subsequent transmission of infective third-stage larvae occur at the vertebrate host–skin interface. Experimental evidence presented here demonstrates that Onchocerca lienalis Stiles microfilariae orient to one or more components (microfilarial orientation factor[s]; MOF) in black fly saliva. MOFs may serve as a means for microfilariae to find and infect black flies during the act of blood-feeding. Directed movement through the host’s skin to the bite site is necessary because Onchocerca spp. microfilariae do not circulate in the blood. The substance directing microfilarial orientation appears to be a salivary protein, but it is not the Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt erythema protein (SVEP) described from New World Simulium spp. These results support earlier field observations that associated increased numbers of cutaneous microfilariae...

Mary S. Cupp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chromosomal localization of two antihemostatic salivary factors in Simulium vittatum diptera simuliidae
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2005
    Co-Authors: William Procunier, Mary S. Cupp, Dunhua Zhang, Michael E Miller, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    The chromosomal locations of two genes encoding the salivary protein products Simulidin (SVAT) and Simulium vittatum erythyma protein (SVEP) were identified using high-resolution cytogenetic mapping. Chromosomal subsection levels were determined from larval and adult salivary gland polytene chromosomes and adult Malphigian tubule chromosomes. Syntenic relationships occurred for both loci from a wild population of Simulium vittatum IIIL-1 collected in central Alabama and the colonized IS-7 S. vittatum sibling. cSVAT mapped to the short arm of chromosomes III, IIIS-72a4.5 and cSVEP mapped to the long arm of chromosome III, IIIL-96b1. cSVAT sits proximal to a common IIIS-2 paracentric inversion, which occurs predominately as the standard sequence in the IIIL-1 sibling and as the inverted sequence in the IS-7 sibling. cSVEP sits close to the differentiated X chromosomes in the IIIL-1 sibling.

  • Orientation of Onchocerca lienalis stiles (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) microfilariae to black fly saliva.
    Journal of medical entomology, 2002
    Co-Authors: T. Stallings, Mary S. Cupp, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    Abstract Black flies (Simulium spp.) are intermediate hosts and vectors of parasitic nematodes belonging to the genus Onchocerca (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). Infection and subsequent transmission of infective third-stage larvae occur at the vertebrate host–skin interface. Experimental evidence presented here demonstrates that Onchocerca lienalis Stiles microfilariae orient to one or more components (microfilarial orientation factor[s]; MOF) in black fly saliva. MOFs may serve as a means for microfilariae to find and infect black flies during the act of blood-feeding. Directed movement through the host’s skin to the bite site is necessary because Onchocerca spp. microfilariae do not circulate in the blood. The substance directing microfilarial orientation appears to be a salivary protein, but it is not the Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt erythema protein (SVEP) described from New World Simulium spp. These results support earlier field observations that associated increased numbers of cutaneous microfilariae...

  • analyses of cdna and recombinant protein for a potent vasoactive protein in saliva of a blood feeding black fly Simulium vittatum
    The Journal of Experimental Biology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Mary S. Cupp, Jose M C Ribeiro, Donald E Champagne, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    A cDNA was cloned from the salivary glands of a blood-feeding black fly Simulium vittatum. The encoded protein has been given the name Simulium vittatum erythema protein or SVEP, because of its ability to increase blood perfusion in skin capillaries, resulting in the well-characterized erythema of black fly bites. The full-length cDNA contains 548 base pairs which encode 152 amino acid residues of the nascent protein. Post-translational processing produces a mature, secreted protein of 133 residues with a molecular mass of 15.4 kDa. Recombinant SVEP (rSVEP) was produced in a baculovirus expression system and purified by a one-step reversed-phase HPLC procedure. Analyses of physical properties and biological potency demonstrated fidelity of rSVEP to the native protein. Recombinant SVEP relaxed rabbit aorta preparations when preconstricted with 2 micromol l-1 phenylephrine or 25 mmol l-1 K+ but not with 60 mmol l-1 K+. Further, the rSVEP-induced relaxation response of phenylephrine-constricted aorta was inhibited by glibenclamide (10 micromol l-1), suggesting that at least part of its action to relax smooth muscle may result from the opening of ATP-dependent K+ channels. SVEP is a novel salivary-gland-derived vasoactive protein that may be essential for blood feeding by black flies and could potentially enhance transmission of filarial parasites.

  • cellular hemolymph response of Simulium vittatum diptera simuliidae to intrathoracic injection of onchocerca lienalis filarioidea onchocercidae microfilariae
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Mary S. Cupp, Yuetian Chen, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    Hemolymph cellular changes in Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt in response to intrathoracic injection with Onchocerca lienalis Stiles were characterized by increased numbers of tissue fragments that contained cells embedded within a noncellular matrix. Cell numbers within the matrix fragments increased both for sham and microfilariae-injected files, indicating a blastogenic response to injection alone. Morphological characteristics of fixed, Giemsa-stained cells within these tissue fragments were most similar to those previously described for prohemocytes. The total population of freely circulating hemocytes collected 24 h after injection also responded to injection alone. Differential cell counts showed a complex pattern of changes that was influenced strongly by increased numbers of prohemocytes at 24 h in microfilariae-injected flies. Fat body fragments collected in hemocoel perfusates at 24 h were fewer when flies were maintained at 27 degrees C than at 21 degrees C. More fat body fragments were collected from microfilariae-injected flies than from control and sham-injected flies held at 27 degrees C. Injection of 1.25-5 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide per fly did not elicit similar hemolymph-associated matrix tissue and fat body changes, indicating that S. vittatum response to microfilaria infection and bacteria infection are likely to involve different mechanisms.

  • novel anticoagulant from salivary glands of Simulium vittatum diptera simuliidae inhibits activity of coagulation factor v
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Makonnen Abebe, Mary S. Cupp, Jose M C Ribeiro, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    Anticoagulant activity was detected in fractions of a reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of salivary gland lysate from Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt. Using a plasma recalcification time assay, these fractions did not inhibit factor Xa or thrombin. HPLC-purified fractions showing the anticoagulant property were pooled and examined using the activated partial thromboplastin time test conducted on normal plasma and plasmas deficient in factors V, VIII, IX, XI, and XII. The anticoagulant prolonged the clotting time of all the plasmas, except plasma deficient in factor V. The detection of antifactor V activity, together with other anticoagulants reported from Simulium spp. indicates a feeding strategy that targets enzymes in the terminal portion of the coagulation cascade.

Raymond Noblet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identification of semiochemicals attractive to Simulium vittatum is 7
    Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2017
    Co-Authors: G G Verocai, Raymond Noblet, Eddie W. Cupp, Tommy W Mcgaha, Joseph P Iburg, Charles R Katholi, Thomas R Unnasch
    Abstract:

    . Many blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) are economically important insect pests, both as nuisance biters and as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. Among the important blackfly pest species in North America is Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt sensu lato. The objective of this study was to identify compounds excreted by mammalian hosts that are attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females. The attractiveness of putative compounds to colonized S. vittatum was tested through electrophysiological (electroantennography; n = 58 compounds) and behavioural (Y-tube assays; n = 7 compounds in three concentrations) bioassays. Five compounds were significantly attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females: 1-octen-3-ol; 2-heptanone; acetophenone; 1-octanol, and naphthalene. These candidate compounds might be useful as attractants in traps that could be developed for use in alternative or complementary management tactics in programmes to suppress nuisance blackfly populations, or for the collection of samples in which to study the transmission ecology of pathogens transmitted by blackflies of the S. vittatum complex.

  • Pathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus Infection in Deer Mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) Transmitted by Black Flies ( Simulium vittatum).
    Veterinary pathology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Leonardo Pereira Mesquita, David E Stallknecht, Elizabeth W Howerth, Elmer W Gray, Raymond Noblet, M. H. Diaz, Daniel G Mead
    Abstract:

    The natural transmission of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV), an arthropod-borne virus, is not completely understood. Rodents may have a role as reservoir or amplifying hosts. In this study, juvenile and nestling deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) were exposed to VSNJV-infected black fly ( Simulium vittatum) bites followed by a second exposure to naive black flies on the nestling mice. Severe neurological signs were observed in some juvenile mice by 6 to 8 days postinoculation (DPI); viremia was not detected in 25 juvenile deer mice following exposure to VSNJV-infected fly bites. Both juvenile and nestling mice had lesions and viral antigen in the central nervous system (CNS); in juveniles, their distribution suggested that the sensory pathway was the most likely route to the CNS. In contrast, a hematogenous route was probably involved in nestling mice, since all of these mice developed viremia and had widespread antigen distribution in the CNS and other tissues on 2 DPI. VSNJV was recovered from naive flies that fed on viremic nestling mice. This is the first report of viremia in a potential natural host following infection with VSNJV via insect bite and conversely of an insect becoming infected with VSNJV by feeding on a viremic host. These results, along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, show that nestling mice have widespread dissemination of VSNJV following VSNJV-infected black fly bite and are a potential reservoir or amplifying host for VSNJV.

  • feeding behavior of Simulium vittatum larvae in response to various suspended materials implications for control using biological larvicides
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2016
    Co-Authors: Joseph P Iburg, Elmer W Gray, Raymond Noblet
    Abstract:

    Biologically based larvicides used to suppress nuisance populations of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) require that the larvae ingest the larvicide for mortality to occur. Materials present in the habitat that alter larval feeding behavior may reduce the effectiveness of the larvicide. This study was conducted to determine the effects that commonly occurring materials in larval habitats have on Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt feeding behavior. Larvae were exposed to 50 p.p.m. of kaolinite clay and 4 p.p.m. of purified diatom frustules. Larvae were also exposed to 10 000 cells or colonies per ml of viable green algae, Chlorella vulgaris Pratt and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp) Breb, and the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing to determine the effects that these materials have on larval feeding behavior. Individual larvae were recorded using a digital camcorder to determine the average number of times the larvae extended and retracted their cephalic fans per min (flick rate) in each medium. Following exposure to the selected material, neon red particles (NRP) (DayGlo) were added to the larval medium for 20 min. A spectrophotometric analysis was conducted to determine the average quantity of NRP consumed by larvae per min in each medium. The flick rate and quantity of NRP consumed by larvae was not significantly affected by clay material or viable Chlorella cells. When Scenedesmus colonies or Cyclotella cells were present in the larval medium, larval flick rate and NRP ingestion was significantly reduced. The presence of diatom frustules in the medium resulted in the most severe reduction in larval flick rate and NRP ingestion. The results suggest that larval flick rate can change depending on environmental conditions, and that suppression programs using biologically based larvicides may benefit from investigating the potential correlation between algal counts and treatment efficacy.

  • mortality patterns of Simulium vittatum larvae diptera simuliidae following exposure to insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis
    Journal of The American Mosquito Control Association, 2015
    Co-Authors: Joseph P Iburg, Elmer W Gray, Raymond Noblet
    Abstract:

    Products containing insecticidal crystalline proteins (ICPs) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti ICPs) are used to suppress vector and nuisance populations of black flies. The efficacy of an application of these products is often determined by a posttreatment evaluation of larval mortality. Larvae are typically removed from the substrate at some point in time after application of the product and mortality is determined. The time necessary for the effects of Bti ICPs to cause morality in exposed larvae can vary, and there is little consensus on how long operators should wait before evaluating larval mortality. This study was conducted to provide more information to larvicide applicators when performing posttreatment evaluations. Simulium vittatum larvae were exposed to Bti ICPs under controlled conditions and the mortality was monitored over time. Larvae exposed to operational concentrations of ICPs exhibited maximum mortality, approximately 87%, after 4 h. Exposure of larvae to 1/3 of that concentration resulted in similar mortality; however, the maximum mortality was not reached until 8 h postexposure. Additional experiments revealed that maximum mortality and time to maximum mortality can also be affected by components in the larval medium. Larval mortality was compared between larvae exposed to Bti ICPs in moderately hard water, medium containing 50 parts per million (ppm) of kaolinite, and medium containing 50 ppm of cellulose. The clay material had no significant effect on larval mortality or time to achieve maximum mortality. When cellulose was present in the medium, the time to maximum mortality was increased 50% and overall mortality was reduced by more than 40%.

  • the effect of seston on mortality of Simulium vittatum diptera simuliidae from insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis
    Environmental Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Joseph P Iburg, Elmer W Gray, R D Wyatt, Julia E Cox, Robert A Fusco, Raymond Noblet
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Water was collected from a site on the Susquehanna River in eastern Pennsylvania, where less-than-optimal black fly larval mortality had been occasionally observed after treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de Barjac insecticidal crystalline proteins (Bti ICPs). A series of experiments was conducted with Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt larvae to determine the water related factors responsible for the impaired response to Bti ICPs (Vectobac 12S, strain AM 65–52). Seston in the water impaired the effectiveness of the ICPs, whereas the dissolved substances had no impact on larval mortality. Individual components of the seston then were exposed to the larvae followed by exposure to Bti ICPs. Exposure of larvae to selected minerals and nutritive organic material before ICP exposure resulted in no significant decrease in mortality. Exposure of larvae to silicon dioxide, cellulose, viable diatoms, and purified diatom frustules before Bti ICP exposure resulted in significant reductions ...

Daniel G Mead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus Infection in Deer Mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) Transmitted by Black Flies ( Simulium vittatum).
    Veterinary pathology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Leonardo Pereira Mesquita, David E Stallknecht, Elizabeth W Howerth, Elmer W Gray, Raymond Noblet, M. H. Diaz, Daniel G Mead
    Abstract:

    The natural transmission of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV), an arthropod-borne virus, is not completely understood. Rodents may have a role as reservoir or amplifying hosts. In this study, juvenile and nestling deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) were exposed to VSNJV-infected black fly ( Simulium vittatum) bites followed by a second exposure to naive black flies on the nestling mice. Severe neurological signs were observed in some juvenile mice by 6 to 8 days postinoculation (DPI); viremia was not detected in 25 juvenile deer mice following exposure to VSNJV-infected fly bites. Both juvenile and nestling mice had lesions and viral antigen in the central nervous system (CNS); in juveniles, their distribution suggested that the sensory pathway was the most likely route to the CNS. In contrast, a hematogenous route was probably involved in nestling mice, since all of these mice developed viremia and had widespread antigen distribution in the CNS and other tissues on 2 DPI. VSNJV was recovered from naive flies that fed on viremic nestling mice. This is the first report of viremia in a potential natural host following infection with VSNJV via insect bite and conversely of an insect becoming infected with VSNJV by feeding on a viremic host. These results, along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, show that nestling mice have widespread dissemination of VSNJV following VSNJV-infected black fly bite and are a potential reservoir or amplifying host for VSNJV.

  • domestic cattle as a non conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus
    Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth W Howerth, Deborah L Carter, Elmer W Gray, Raymond Noblet, G Smoliga, L L Rodriguez, Daniel G Mead
    Abstract:

    The role of vertebrates as amplifying and maintenance hosts for vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) remains unclear. Livestock have been considered dead-end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent in VSNJV-infected animals. This study demonstrated two situations in which cattle can represent a source of VSNJV to Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae) by serving: (a) as a substrate for horizontal transmission among co-feeding black flies, and (b) as a source of infection to uninfected black flies feeding on sites where VSNJV-infected black flies have previously fed. Observed co-feeding transmission rates ranged from 0% to 67%. Uninfected flies physically separated from infected flies by a distance of up to 11 cm were able to acquire virus during feeding although the rate of transmission decreased as the distance between infected and uninfected flies increased. Acquisition of VSNJV by uninfected flies feeding on initial inoculation sites at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-infection, in both the presence and absence of vesicular lesions, was detected.

  • lesion development and replication kinetics during early infection in cattle inoculated with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus via scarification and black fly Simulium vittatum bite
    Veterinary Pathology, 2011
    Co-Authors: J L Reis, G Smoliga, Daniel G Mead, Luis L Rodriguez, Corrie C Brown
    Abstract:

    Vesicular stomatitis viruses are the causative agents of vesicular stomatitis, an economically important contagious disease of livestock that occurs in North, Central, and South America. Little is known regarding the early stages of infection in natural hosts. Twelve adult Holstein steers were inoculated with Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) on the coronary bands (CB) of the feet via scarification (SC) or by VSNJV-infected black fly (Simulium vittatum) bite (FB). Three additional animals were inoculated on the neck skin using FB. Clinical disease and lesion development were assessed daily, and animals were euthanatized from 12 hours post inoculation (HPI) through 120 HPI. The animals inoculated in the neck failed to develop any clinical signs or gross lesions, and VSNJV was detected neither by in situ hybridization (ISH) nor by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lesions on the CB were more severe in the animals infected by FB than by SC. In both groups, peak VSNJV replication occurred between 24 and 48 HPI in keratinocytes of the CB, as evidenced by ISH and IHC. There was evidence of viral replication limited to the first 24 HPI in the local draining lymph nodes, as seen through ISH. Successful infection via FB required logarithmically less virus than with the SC technique, suggesting that components in black fly saliva may facilitate VSNJV transmission and infection in cattle. The lack of lesion development in the neck with the same method of inoculation used in the CB suggests that specific characteristics of the CB epithelium may facilitate VSNJV infection.

  • mechanical transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus by Simulium vittatum diptera simuliidae to domestic swine sus scrofa
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Paul F Smith, Elizabeth W Howerth, Deborah L Carter, Elmer W Gray, Raymond Noblet, Daniel G Mead
    Abstract:

    Biting flies have been suggested as mechanical vectors of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey Virus (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus, VSNJV) in livestock populations during epidemic outbreaks in the western United States. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to determine whether biting flies could mechanically transmit VSNJV to livestock by using a black fly, Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae), domestic swine, Sus scrofa L., model. Black flies mechanically transmitted VSNJV to a naive host after interrupted feeding on a vesicular lesion on a previously infected host. Transmission resulted in clinical disease in the naive host. This is the first demonstration of mechanical transmission of VSNJV to livestock by insects.

  • experimental transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus from Simulium vittatum to cattle clinical outcome is influenced by site of insect feeding
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Daniel G Mead, Elmer W Gray, Raymond Noblet, G Smoliga, Jay P Overmyer, Rainwater K Lovett, M D Murphy, Steven J Pauszek, Luis L Rodriguez
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) is an insect-transmitted Rhabdovirus causing vesicular disease in domestic livestock including cattle, horses, and pigs. Natural transmission during epidemics remains poorly understood, particularly in cattle, one of the most affected species during outbreaks. This study reports the first successful transmission of VSNJV to cattle by insect bite resulting in clinical disease. When infected black flies (Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt) fed at sites where VS lesions are usually observed (mouth, nostrils, and foot coronary band), infection occurred, characterized by local viral replication, vesicular lesions, and high neutralizing antibody titers (>1: 256). Viral RNA was detected up to 9 d postinfection in tissues collected during necropsy from lesion sites and lymph nodes draining those sites. Interestingly, when flies were allowed to feed on flank or neck skin, viral replication was poor, lesions were not observed, and low levels of neutralizing antibodi...

Jose M C Ribeiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access An insight into the sialome of Simulium guianense (DIPTERA:SIMulIIDAE), the main vector of River Blindness Disease in Brazil
    2013
    Co-Authors: Andrezza Campos Chagas, Eric Calvo, Paulo F P Pimenta, Jose M C Ribeiro
    Abstract:

    Background: Little is known about the composition and function of the saliva in black flies such as Simulium guianense, the main vector of river blindness disease in Brazil. The complex salivary potion of hematophagous arthropods counteracts their host’s hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. Results: Transcriptome analysis revealed ubiquitous salivary protein families–such as the Antigen-5, Yellow, Kunitz domain, and serine proteases–in the S. guianense sialotranscriptome. Insect-specific families were also found. About 63.4 % of all secreted products revealed protein families found only in Simulium. Additionally, we found a novel peptide similar to kunitoxin with a structure distantly related to serine protease inhibitors. This study revealed a relative increase of transcripts of the SVEP protein family when compared with Simulium vittatum and S. nigrimanum sialotranscriptomes. We were able to extract coding sequences from 164 proteins associated with blood and sugar feeding, the majority of which were confirmed by proteome analysis. Conclusions: Our results contribute to understanding the role of Simulium saliva in transmission of Onchocerca volvulus and evolution of salivary proteins in black flies. It also consists of a platform for mining novel antihemostatic compounds, vaccine candidates against filariasis, and immuno-epidemiologic markers of vector exposure

  • an insight into the sialome of Simulium guianense diptera simuliidae the main vector of river blindness disease in brazil
    BMC Genomics, 2011
    Co-Authors: Andrezza Campos Chagas, Eric Calvo, Paulo F P Pimenta, Jose M C Ribeiro
    Abstract:

    Little is known about the composition and function of the saliva in black flies such as Simulium guianense, the main vector of river blindness disease in Brazil. The complex salivary potion of hematophagous arthropods counteracts their host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. Transcriptome analysis revealed ubiquitous salivary protein families--such as the Antigen-5, Yellow, Kunitz domain, and serine proteases--in the S. guianense sialotranscriptome. Insect-specific families were also found. About 63.4% of all secreted products revealed protein families found only in Simulium. Additionally, we found a novel peptide similar to kunitoxin with a structure distantly related to serine protease inhibitors. This study revealed a relative increase of transcripts of the SVEP protein family when compared with Simulium vittatum and S. nigrimanum sialotranscriptomes. We were able to extract coding sequences from 164 proteins associated with blood and sugar feeding, the majority of which were confirmed by proteome analysis. Our results contribute to understanding the role of Simulium saliva in transmission of Onchocerca volvulus and evolution of salivary proteins in black flies. It also consists of a platform for mining novel anti-hemostatic compounds, vaccine candidates against filariasis, and immuno-epidemiologic markers of vector exposure.

  • An insight into the sialome of Simulium guianense (DIPTERA:SIMulIIDAE), the main vector of River Blindness Disease in Brazil
    BMC Genomics, 2011
    Co-Authors: Andrezza Campos Chagas, Eric Calvo, Paulo F P Pimenta, Jose M C Ribeiro
    Abstract:

    Background Little is known about the composition and function of the saliva in black flies such as Simulium guianense , the main vector of river blindness disease in Brazil. The complex salivary potion of hematophagous arthropods counteracts their host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. Results Transcriptome analysis revealed ubiquitous salivary protein families--such as the Antigen-5, Yellow, Kunitz domain, and serine proteases--in the S. guianense sialotranscriptome. Insect-specific families were also found. About 63.4% of all secreted products revealed protein families found only in Simulium . Additionally, we found a novel peptide similar to kunitoxin with a structure distantly related to serine protease inhibitors. This study revealed a relative increase of transcripts of the SVEP protein family when compared with Simulium vittatum and S. nigrimanum sialotranscriptomes. We were able to extract coding sequences from 164 proteins associated with blood and sugar feeding, the majority of which were confirmed by proteome analysis. Conclusions Our results contribute to understanding the role of Simulium saliva in transmission of Onchocerca volvulus and evolution of salivary proteins in black flies. It also consists of a platform for mining novel anti-hemostatic compounds, vaccine candidates against filariasis, and immuno-epidemiologic markers of vector exposure.

  • insight into the sialome of the black fly Simulium vittatum
    Journal of Proteome Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: John F Andersen, Donald E Champagne, Van My Pham, Zhaojing Meng, Jose M C Ribeiro
    Abstract:

    Adaptation to vertebrate blood feeding includes development of a salivary “magic potion” that can disarm host hemostasis and inflammatory reactions. Within the lower Diptera, a vertebrate blood-sucking mode evolved in the Psychodidae (sand flies), Culicidae (mosquitoes), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), Simuliidae (black flies), and the frog-feeding Corethrellidae. Sialotranscriptome analyses from several species of mosquitoes and sand flies and from one biting midge indicate divergence in the evolution of the blood-sucking salivary potion, manifested in the finding of many unique proteins within each insect family, and even genus. Gene duplication and divergence events are highly prevalent, possibly driven by vertebrate host immune pressure. Within this framework, we describe the sialome (from Greek sialo, saliva) of the black fly Simulium vittatum and discuss the findings within the context of the protein families found in other blood-sucking Diptera. Sequences and results of Blast searches against seve...

  • Simulium vittatum diptera simuliidae and lutzomyia longipalpis diptera psychodidae salivary gland hyaluronidase activity
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Jose M C Ribeiro, Rosane Charlab, Edgar Rowton, Eddie W. Cupp
    Abstract:

    Hyaluronidase activity in the salivary gland homogenates of Simulium vittatum (Zetterstedt) is described, and its optimal pH determined. Salivary activity was reduced significantly after a blood meal, indicating that it was secreted after blood feeding. Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) also exhibited salivary hyaluronidase activity. These results indicate that hematophagous pool-feeding insects may secrete this enzyme to help the spread of salivary antihemostatic agents in the vicinity of the feeding lesion, and perhaps to increase the size of the feeding lesion itself. Additionally, this enzyme may affect local host immune reactions and promote arboviral transmission.