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J. C. Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphological and physiological differences between the auxinic herbicide susceptible s and resistant r wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis l biotypes
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1995Co-Authors: J. C. Hall, M L RomanoAbstract:Abstract Physiological and morphological characteristics of an auxinic herbicide-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) biotype of wild mustard (Sinapis Arvensis L.) were examined. Plants of the R biotype were shorter, more branched, and had a smaller root system than the S biotype. Leaves of the R biotype were smaller, darker green, and had a higher chlorophyll content than those of the S biotype. The R plants, at the four-leaf stage of development, were more tolerant to cold temperature (7°C) than the S biotype. The percentage of seed germination at 24, 30, and 35°C was higher in the R than the S biotype. At 5°C no difference in percentage of germination between the biotypes was observed, however, the R biotype seedlings were approximately two times longer than the S biotype. When compared to controls, benzyladenine and thidiazuron inhibited seedling growth of the susceptible biotype at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/liter, whereas only concentrations of 10 mg/liter were inhibitory to the R biotype. Senescence occurred more rapidly in leaf disks of the S biotype. Furthermore, the cytokinin levels, as determined by a cucumber greening bioassay, were higher in the R than in the S biotype, suggesting that some of the differences reported may be a direct consequence of differences in hormonal equilibrium within the biotypes.
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auxinic herbicide resistant and susceptible wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis l biotypes effect of auxinic herbicides on seedling growth and auxin binding activity
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1995Co-Authors: S R Webb, J. C. HallAbstract:Abstract The effect of the auxinic herbicides dicamba, mecoprop, MCPA, and picloram on seedling development of an auxinic herbicide-resistant and -susceptible biotype of wild mustard ( Sinapis Arvensis L.) was studied. When treated with dicamba, MCPA, and picloram differences in the seedling dose-response characteristics were observed between the two biotypes. Conversely, following mecoprop treatment there were no differences between the response of the herbicide susceptible and resistant biotypes. Some characteristics of the resistant and susceptible wild mustard biotype auxin-binding protein (ABP) preparations were examined. Although, both ABP preparations appear to have similar substrate ([ 3 H]indole-3-acetic acid ([ 3 H]IAA) binding) and time course profiles, Scatchard analysis revealed differences between the biotypes; the resistant biotype lacks a high-affinity population of ABP which is present in the susceptible biotype. The effects of the auxinic herbicides on specific [ 3 H]IAA binding to ABP preparations from the resistant and susceptible biotypes were also examined. Mecoprop and MCPA were the most potent inhibitors of [ 3 H]IAA binding to the susceptible biotype ABP preparations, followed by dicamba and picloram. The same pattern of inhibition was also observed when the effect of these herbicides on seedling growth was examined in the susceptible biotype. When picloram and dicamba were used to inhibit [ 3 H]IAA binding and seedling growth, the susceptible biotype was significantly more sensitive to inhibition than the resistant biotype ABP preparations; however, no differences between the two biotypes were observed following MCPA or mecoprop treatment. Our results suggest the effects of various auxinic herbicides on the binding of [ 3 H]IAA to ABP preparations and seedling growth correlate with the effect of these herbicides on whole plants. This data suggests there is a relationship between ABP binding activity and sensitivity to auxinic herbicides and this relationship may explain the mechanism of auxinic herbicide resistance in this wild mustard biotype.
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physiological investigations into the resistance of a wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis l biotype to auxinic herbicides
Weed Research, 1993Co-Authors: M G Peniuk, M L Romano, J. C. HallAbstract:Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung Possible mechanism(s) of resistance to auxinic herbicides in wild mustard (Sinapis Arvensis L.) were investigated by characterizing responses of susceptible and resistant biotypes to 2,4-D, di-camba or picloram. No differences between bio-types were observed in absorption, translocation, or metabolism of foliar-applied radiolabelled herbicides. In contrast, the levels of ethylene production varied between biotypes. The susceptible biotype produced twofold and sixfold more ethylene than the resistant biotype within 4 h and 44 h of herbicide application, respectively. These results suggest that the mechanism of resistance in wild mustard is not due to differences in absorption, translocation, or metabolism. Ethylene production studies imply that resistance to auxinic herbicides may be attributed to altered target site(s) of action. Bases physiologiques de la resistance aux herbicides auxiniques d'un biotype de moutarde des champs (Sinapis Arvensis L.) Les mecanismes possibles de la resistance aux herbicides auxiniques chez la moutarde des champs (Sinapis Arvensis L.) ont ete recherches en caracterisant les reponses de biotypes resis-tants et sensibles au 2,4-D, au dicamba et au pi-clorame. Apres application des herbicides radioactifs sur le feuillage, aucune difference d'absorption, de migration ou de metabolisme n'a ete observee. Par contre, la production d'ethylene differait entre les biotypes. Le biotype sensible produisait 2 et 6 fois plus d'ethylene que le biotype sensible, respectivement 4 et 44 heures apres l'application d'herbicide. Ces resultats sug-gerent que la resistance aux herbicides auxiniques chez la moutarde des champs n'est pas due a des differences d'absorption, de migration ou de metabolisme mais pourrait provenir d'une alteration du site d'action. Physiologische Untersuchung der Resistenz eines Acker-Senf-(Sinapis Arvensis-) Biotyps gegenuber Wuchsstoffherbiziden Der mogliche Mechanismus der Resistenz gegenuber Wuchsstoffherbiziden beim Acker-Senf (Sinapis Arvensis L.) wurde unhand der Reaktion von empfindlichen und resistenten Biotypen gegenuber 2,4-D, Dicamba oder Picloram untersucht. Hinsichtlich Absorption, Translokation oder Metabolismus der auf die Blatter applizierten, radioaktiv markierten Her-bizide wurden keine Unterschiede beobachtet. Die Ethylenbildung variierte jedoch zwischen den Biotypen. Der empfindliche produzierte in-nerhalb 4 oder 44 Stunden nach der Herbizid-applikation 2-bzw. 6mal mehr Ethylen als der resistente. Aus den Ergebnissen last sich schliesen, das beim Acker-Senf der Resisten-zmechanismus nicht in der Absorption, der Translokation oder dem Metabolismus liegt, sondern die Ethylenbildung daran beteiligt ist, wo die Wirkorte fur die Wuchsstoffherbizide liegen.
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ethylene biosynthesis following foliar application of picloram to biotypes of wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis l susceptible or resistant to auxinic herbicides
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1993Co-Authors: J. C. Hall, S M M Alam, Dennis P. MurrAbstract:Abstract Following foliar application of picloram (100 g a.i. ha−1) to biotypes of wild mustard (Sinapis Arvensis L.) resistant (R) or susceptible (S) to auxinic herbicides, ethylene and its precursors, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) and MAAC (1-malonylaminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), as well as ACC synthase were quantified. Severe epinasty occurred within 24 hr after picloram was applied to the S biotype with concomitant increases in ACC synthase, ACC, MACC, and ethylene. No epinasty occurred in the R biotype, nor was there an increase above basal levels of ACC synthase, ACC, MACC, and ethylene in this biotype. Both biotypes became epinastic when fumigated with 120 μl liter−1 of ethylene. Furthermore, when the tissues from both biotypes were supplied with exogenous ACC (1 mM) after pretreatment with aminooxyacetic acid (1 mM), an inhibitor of ACC synthase, both biotypes produced ethylene thereby indicating that ethylene-forming enzyme was not impaired in the resistant biotype. These results suggest that picloram-induced ethylene biosynthesis in the S biotype of wild mustard results from de novo synthesis of ACC synthase; however, this is not the case in the R biotype. Furthermore, sensitivity differences between the two biotypes are related to regulation of picloram-induced ethylene biosynthesis and resistance may be due to a different interaction of the herbicide with primary target site(s) such as the auxin-binding protein(s).
Christopher J Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transfer of dicamba tolerance from Sinapis Arvensis to brassica napus via embryo rescue and recurrent backcross breeding
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Mithila Jugulam, Asma Ziauddin, Shu Chen, Christopher J HallAbstract:Auxinic herbicides (e.g. dicamba) are extensively used in agriculture to selectively control broadleaf weeds. Although cultivated species of Brassicaceae (e.g. Canola) are susceptible to auxinic herbicides, some biotypes of Sinapis Arvensis (wild mustard) were found dicamba resistant in Canada. In this research, dicamba tolerance from wild mustard was introgressed into canola through embryo rescue followed by conventional breeding. Intergeneric hybrids between S. Arvensis (2n = 18) and B. napus (2n = 38) were produced through embryo rescue. Embryo formation and hybrid plant regeneration was achieved. Transfer of dicamba tolerance from S. Arvensis into the hybrid plants was determined by molecular analysis and at the whole plant level. Dicamba tolerance was introgressed into B. napus by backcrossing for seven generations. Homozygous dicamba-tolerant B. napus lines were identified. The ploidy of the hybrid progeny was assessed by flow cytometry. Finally, introgression of the piece of DNA possibly containing the dicamba tolerance gene into B. napus was confirmed using florescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This research demonstrates for the first time stable introgression of dicamba tolerance from S. Arvensis into B. napus via in vitro embryo rescue followed by repeated backcross breeding. Creation of dicamba-tolerant B. napus varieties by this approach may have potential to provide options to growers to choose a desirable herbicide-tolerant technology. Furthermore, adoption of such technology facilitates effective weed control, less tillage, and possibly minimize evolution of herbicide resistant weeds.
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proteome level differences between auxinic herbicide susceptible and resistant wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: William Yajima, Christopher J Hall, Nat N V KavAbstract:To identify proteins that may be involved in mediating auxinic herbicide resistance (i.e., resistance to dicamba, picloram, 2,4-D), we compared the proteomes of an auxinic-herbicide-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) wild mustard (Sinapis Arvensis L.) biotype at different developmental stages. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified 11 seedling and leaf proteins that showed reproducible differences in expression between the S and the R wild mustard biotype following application of dicamba. Our proteome-level studies revealed the increased expression of the enzyme peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), which has recently been implicated in auxin signal transduction. Juglone, an inhibitor of PPIase, interfered with the normal ability of R seeds to germinate in the presence of dicamba, whereas S seeds did not germinate in the presence of dicamba or dicamba plus juglone. When R and S plants (3-4 leaf stage) were treated with dicamba, S showed typical auxinic herbicide effects (e.g., epinasty) whereas R did not. However, the concomitant application of dicamba and juglone to greenhouse-grown R plants produced morphological changes that were consistent with known auxinic-herbicide-induced symptoms. This is the first report suggesting the potential involvement of differential expression of PPIase in mediating auxinic herbicide resistance.
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auxinic herbicide resistance may be modulated at the auxin binding site in wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis l a light scattering study
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2000Co-Authors: Satish Deshpande, Christopher J HallAbstract:Abstract The effects of IAA and the auxinic herbicides picloram and MCPP on the flash-induced nucleotide-independent light-scattering signal from picloram-resistant (R) and- susceptible (S) wild mustard ( Sinapis Arvensis L.) protoplasts were studied. We previously demonstrated that an increase in H+ efflux leads to a decrease in amplitude of the light-scattering signal. In this study, IAA increased H+ efflux (i.e., decreased the signal amplitude) in both R and S protoplasts in direct proportion to the IAA concentration. When the signal amplitudes from picloram-treated R and S biotype were compared, they were different. Picloram, which adversely affects the S biotype in vivo and in vitro , increased H+ efflux (reduced signal amplitude) in S protoplasts but did not affect H+ efflux in R. MCPP, which adversely affects both biotypes in vivo and in vitro , increased H+ efflux in both biotypes. Preincubation of S protoplasts with IAA did not alter the effects of picloram or MCPP on H+ efflux (i.e., increased efflux). Conversely, preincubation of R protoplasts with IAA reduced MCPP-mediated H+ efflux thereby reducing the adverse affects of MCPP. These results support our hypothesis that the physiological basis for this auxinic herbicide resistance in the wild mustard biotype is associated with their altered binding to auxin binding sites.
Autar K Mattoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed dormancy is modulated in recently evolved chlorsulfuron resistant turkish biotypes of wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis
Frontiers in chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Muhamet Topuz, Yildiz Nemli, Tahira Fatima, Autar K MattooAbstract:Biotypes of the broad-leaved wild mustard (Sinapis Arvensis L.) found in wheat fields of Aegean and Marmara region of Turkey were characterized and shown to have developed resistance to sulfonylurea (chlorsulfuron), an inhibitor of acetolactate synthase (ALS). DNA sequence analysis of the ALS genes from two such resistant (‘R’) biotypes, KNF-R1 and KNF-R2, revealed point mutations, CCT (Pro 197) to TCT (Ser 197) in KNF-R1 and CCT (Pro 197) to ACT (Thr 197) in KNF-R2; these substitutions are consistent with the presence of chlorsulfuron-insensitive ALS enzyme activity in the ‘R’ S. Arvensis biotypes. An additional phenotype of chlorsulfuron resistance in the Turkish S. Arvensis ‘R’ biotypes was revealed in the form of an altered seed dormancy behavior over 4 to 48 months of dry storage (after-ripening) compared to the susceptible (‘S’) biotypes. Seeds of the ‘S’ biotypes dry stored for 4 months had a higher initial germination, which sharply decreased with storage time, while the seeds of the ‘R’ biotypes had lower germination after 4-months storage, rising sharply and peaking thereafter by 24 months’ of dry storage. The ‘R’ biotype seeds continued to maintain a higher germination percentage even after 48 months of after-ripening. The seed weight of ‘R’ and ‘S’ biotypes after-ripened for 4 months was similar but those after-ripened for 48 months differed, ‘R’ seeds were significantly heavier than those of the ‘S’ seeds. Differential seed germinability between ‘S’ and ‘R’ biotypes was found not a case of differential viability, temperature regimen or non-response to pro-germination hormone GA3. These studies are of relevance to ecological fitness of herbicide-resistant biotypes in terms of seed viability and germination.
Tahira Fatima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed dormancy is modulated in recently evolved chlorsulfuron resistant turkish biotypes of wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis
Frontiers in chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Muhamet Topuz, Yildiz Nemli, Tahira Fatima, Autar K MattooAbstract:Biotypes of the broad-leaved wild mustard (Sinapis Arvensis L.) found in wheat fields of Aegean and Marmara region of Turkey were characterized and shown to have developed resistance to sulfonylurea (chlorsulfuron), an inhibitor of acetolactate synthase (ALS). DNA sequence analysis of the ALS genes from two such resistant (‘R’) biotypes, KNF-R1 and KNF-R2, revealed point mutations, CCT (Pro 197) to TCT (Ser 197) in KNF-R1 and CCT (Pro 197) to ACT (Thr 197) in KNF-R2; these substitutions are consistent with the presence of chlorsulfuron-insensitive ALS enzyme activity in the ‘R’ S. Arvensis biotypes. An additional phenotype of chlorsulfuron resistance in the Turkish S. Arvensis ‘R’ biotypes was revealed in the form of an altered seed dormancy behavior over 4 to 48 months of dry storage (after-ripening) compared to the susceptible (‘S’) biotypes. Seeds of the ‘S’ biotypes dry stored for 4 months had a higher initial germination, which sharply decreased with storage time, while the seeds of the ‘R’ biotypes had lower germination after 4-months storage, rising sharply and peaking thereafter by 24 months’ of dry storage. The ‘R’ biotype seeds continued to maintain a higher germination percentage even after 48 months of after-ripening. The seed weight of ‘R’ and ‘S’ biotypes after-ripened for 4 months was similar but those after-ripened for 48 months differed, ‘R’ seeds were significantly heavier than those of the ‘S’ seeds. Differential seed germinability between ‘S’ and ‘R’ biotypes was found not a case of differential viability, temperature regimen or non-response to pro-germination hormone GA3. These studies are of relevance to ecological fitness of herbicide-resistant biotypes in terms of seed viability and germination.
Muhamet Topuz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed dormancy is modulated in recently evolved chlorsulfuron resistant turkish biotypes of wild mustard Sinapis Arvensis
Frontiers in chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Muhamet Topuz, Yildiz Nemli, Tahira Fatima, Autar K MattooAbstract:Biotypes of the broad-leaved wild mustard (Sinapis Arvensis L.) found in wheat fields of Aegean and Marmara region of Turkey were characterized and shown to have developed resistance to sulfonylurea (chlorsulfuron), an inhibitor of acetolactate synthase (ALS). DNA sequence analysis of the ALS genes from two such resistant (‘R’) biotypes, KNF-R1 and KNF-R2, revealed point mutations, CCT (Pro 197) to TCT (Ser 197) in KNF-R1 and CCT (Pro 197) to ACT (Thr 197) in KNF-R2; these substitutions are consistent with the presence of chlorsulfuron-insensitive ALS enzyme activity in the ‘R’ S. Arvensis biotypes. An additional phenotype of chlorsulfuron resistance in the Turkish S. Arvensis ‘R’ biotypes was revealed in the form of an altered seed dormancy behavior over 4 to 48 months of dry storage (after-ripening) compared to the susceptible (‘S’) biotypes. Seeds of the ‘S’ biotypes dry stored for 4 months had a higher initial germination, which sharply decreased with storage time, while the seeds of the ‘R’ biotypes had lower germination after 4-months storage, rising sharply and peaking thereafter by 24 months’ of dry storage. The ‘R’ biotype seeds continued to maintain a higher germination percentage even after 48 months of after-ripening. The seed weight of ‘R’ and ‘S’ biotypes after-ripened for 4 months was similar but those after-ripened for 48 months differed, ‘R’ seeds were significantly heavier than those of the ‘S’ seeds. Differential seed germinability between ‘S’ and ‘R’ biotypes was found not a case of differential viability, temperature regimen or non-response to pro-germination hormone GA3. These studies are of relevance to ecological fitness of herbicide-resistant biotypes in terms of seed viability and germination.