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Nasa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • SIMS prototype system 4: Design data brochure
    2013
    Co-Authors: Nasa
    Abstract:

    A pre-package prototype unit having domestic hot water and room solar heating capability that uses air as the collector fluid is described. This system is designed to be used with a small Single-Family Dwelling where a roof mounted collector array is not feasible. The prototype unit is an assemble containing 203 square feet of effective collector surface with 113 cubic feet of rock storage. The design of structure and storage is modular, which permits expansion and reduction of the collector array and storage bed in 68 square feet and 37 cubic feet increments respectively. The system is designed to be transportable. This permitted assemble and certification testing in one area and installation in another area without tear down and reassemble. Design, installation, operation, performance and maintenance of this system are described.

  • Solar heating system design package for a Single-Family residence at William O'Brien State Park, Minnesota
    2013
    Co-Authors: Nasa
    Abstract:

    The plans, specifications, cost trade studies, and verification status of a prototype solar heating and hot water system for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources's Single-Family Dwelling located at O'Brien State Park, 30 miles east of Minneapolis, Minnesota are presented.

  • Preliminary design package for maxi-therm heat exchanger module
    2013
    Co-Authors: Nasa
    Abstract:

    Heat exchangers were developed for use in a solar heating and cooling system installed in a Single Family Dwelling. Each of the three exchangers consisted of a heating and cooling module and a submersed electric water heating element. Information necessary to evaluate the preliminary design of the heat exchanger is presented in terms of the development and verification plans, performance specifications, installation and maintenance, and hazard analysis.

  • Solar energy heating system design package for a Single-Family residence at New Castle, Pennsylvania
    2013
    Co-Authors: Nasa
    Abstract:

    The design of a solar heating and hot water system for a Single Family Dwelling is described. Cost trade studies on the energy conservation and architectural features of the solar house are discussed. The present status of verification for the Single Family heating system, i.e., proof that the components and the system meet applicable physical and functional requirements, is reported. The system integration drawings, the major subsystems drawings, and the architect's specifications and plans are included.

  • Solar-heating and cooling system design package
    2011
    Co-Authors: Nasa
    Abstract:

    Package of information includes design data, performance specifications, drawings, hazard analysis, and spare parts list for commercially produced system installed in Single-Family Dwelling in Akron, Ohio. System uses air flat-plate collectors, 12000 kg rock storage and backup heat pump. Solar portion requires 0.7 kW, and provides 35% of average total heating load including hot water. Information aids persons considering installing solar home-heating systems.

Geert Degrande - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Validation of a Source–Receiver Model for Road Traffic-Induced Vibrations in Buildings. II: Receiver Model
    Journal of Engineering Mechanics-asce, 2004
    Co-Authors: Lincy Pyl, Geert Degrande, Geert Lombaert, Wim Haegeman
    Abstract:

    This work focuses on the coupling of a validated source model for free field traffic-induced vibrations to a receiver model that enables one to predict the response of buildings, accounting for dynamic soil-structure interaction. The resulting model is validated by means of in situ measurements, that have been performed in and around a Single-Family Dwelling during the passage of a truck with known characteristics at speeds between 23 km/h and 58 km/h on joints between plates of the concrete pavement and on a plywood unevenness installed on the road. Simultaneous vibration measurements have been performed with a mobile data acquisition system on the truck's axles. The objective of part I of this paper is to present the validation of the source model. The characteristics of the vehicle and the road unevenness are discussed, and the vehicle response is validated. The response is independent of the vehicle speed for the passage on the joints, whereas, for the passage on the plywood unevenness, the vibrations increase with the vehicle speed. The dynamic road-soil interaction problem is subsequently solved. Special consideration is given to the determination of the dynamic soil characteristics using the spectral analysis surface wave and seismic cone penetration test methods and to the validation of the transfer functions in the soil. The free-field incident wave field is finally validated. This incident wave field is used in part II of the paper to predict and validate the response of the Single Family Dwelling.

  • Validation of a source-receiver model for road traffic-induced vibrations in buildings. II: Receiver model.
    Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Lincy Pyl, Didier Clouteau, Geert Degrande
    Abstract:

    The objective of part II of this paper is to couple the validated source model for free-field traffic-induced vibrations, which has been presented in part I of the paper, to a receiver model that incorporates the structure and accounts for dynamic soil-structure interaction. The incident wave field is applied to the structure and the response is calculated using a subdomain formulation for dynamic soil-structure interaction. A finite element method is applied to the structure, while the unbounded soil domain is calculated with a boundary element method using the Green's functions of a homogeneous or a layered half-space. The results of elaborate in situ experiments in and around a Single Family Dwelling during the passage of a truck on joints in a concrete pavement and on a plywood unevenness, are used for the validation of the numerical prediction model. The predicted structural response during the passage of a truck at a speed v = 50km/h is compared with the experimental results. The agreement between the numerical and the experimental results is very good for the passage on the plywood unevenness and satisfactory for the passage on the joints between the concrete plates.

Lincy Pyl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Validation of a Source–Receiver Model for Road Traffic-Induced Vibrations in Buildings. II: Receiver Model
    Journal of Engineering Mechanics-asce, 2004
    Co-Authors: Lincy Pyl, Geert Degrande, Geert Lombaert, Wim Haegeman
    Abstract:

    This work focuses on the coupling of a validated source model for free field traffic-induced vibrations to a receiver model that enables one to predict the response of buildings, accounting for dynamic soil-structure interaction. The resulting model is validated by means of in situ measurements, that have been performed in and around a Single-Family Dwelling during the passage of a truck with known characteristics at speeds between 23 km/h and 58 km/h on joints between plates of the concrete pavement and on a plywood unevenness installed on the road. Simultaneous vibration measurements have been performed with a mobile data acquisition system on the truck's axles. The objective of part I of this paper is to present the validation of the source model. The characteristics of the vehicle and the road unevenness are discussed, and the vehicle response is validated. The response is independent of the vehicle speed for the passage on the joints, whereas, for the passage on the plywood unevenness, the vibrations increase with the vehicle speed. The dynamic road-soil interaction problem is subsequently solved. Special consideration is given to the determination of the dynamic soil characteristics using the spectral analysis surface wave and seismic cone penetration test methods and to the validation of the transfer functions in the soil. The free-field incident wave field is finally validated. This incident wave field is used in part II of the paper to predict and validate the response of the Single Family Dwelling.

  • Validation of a source-receiver model for road traffic-induced vibrations in buildings. II: Receiver model.
    Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Lincy Pyl, Didier Clouteau, Geert Degrande
    Abstract:

    The objective of part II of this paper is to couple the validated source model for free-field traffic-induced vibrations, which has been presented in part I of the paper, to a receiver model that incorporates the structure and accounts for dynamic soil-structure interaction. The incident wave field is applied to the structure and the response is calculated using a subdomain formulation for dynamic soil-structure interaction. A finite element method is applied to the structure, while the unbounded soil domain is calculated with a boundary element method using the Green's functions of a homogeneous or a layered half-space. The results of elaborate in situ experiments in and around a Single Family Dwelling during the passage of a truck on joints in a concrete pavement and on a plywood unevenness, are used for the validation of the numerical prediction model. The predicted structural response during the passage of a truck at a speed v = 50km/h is compared with the experimental results. The agreement between the numerical and the experimental results is very good for the passage on the plywood unevenness and satisfactory for the passage on the joints between the concrete plates.

Sabina Kordana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • financial analysis of the implementation of a drain water heat recovery unit in residential housing
    Energy and Buildings, 2014
    Co-Authors: Daniel Slyś, Sabina Kordana
    Abstract:

    Abstract One of the ways of diminishing energy consumption for hot water heating is the use of Drain Water Heat Recovery (DWHR) units. The aim of the use of these devices is thermal energy recovery from warm drain water and transferring it to incoming cold water. This paper presents the calculation model that allows the estimation of the financial efficiency of the project involving the construction of a shower Drain Water Heat Recovery system in a Single-Family Dwelling house. The presented method of investment risk assessment can be used for decision making by individual users, designers and others. The study of the financial performance was carried out for the various parameters of the installation and the different heat recovery system configurations. From investors point of view the most beneficial option of heat recovery system installation is the system in which preheated water is fed to both the hot water heater and shower mixing valve. Additionally, it was proved that obtained financial results are affected by showering time and water consumption. DWHR units will be therefore particularly beneficial to apply in case of swimming pools, sports facilities or fitness clubs, where high rotation of users is observed.

  • Rationalization of water and energy consumption in shower systems of Single-Family Dwelling houses
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sabina Kordana, Daniel Słyś, J. Dziopak
    Abstract:

    Abstract Reduction of costs incurred for supplying water and heating it for household purposes is possible by means of an application of systems recovering heat from drain water in combination with water flow limiters. Then, not only advantageous financial results can be obtained, but also positive effects in the form of reduced use of fossil fuels, improved air quality, and limited water consumption. This paper presents a calculation model that allows to assess the synergy of financial effects for different variants of an investment project consisting in mounting a water flow limiter and a DWHR unit in a shower system of a Single-Family building. This model has a large application potential that can be used as a tool facilitating the decision-making process both in the system design and modernization stage. A simulation test carried out for the case study involving different variants of modernization of a household shower system shows that profitability of such investment depends on the adopted modernization variant and system usage parameters. The best financial performance characterizes variants involving the use of a water flow limiter or both devices. The mounting of both devices becomes the most advantageous when the shower taking time is long. The obtained results additionally show that the most favorable financial effects can be achieved in buildings in which the total time of using shower facilities is the longest. The application of the presented solutions will be, therefore, particularly profitable in case of buildings characterized with significant water consumption and high rotation of users.

William W Nazaroff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reducing the risk of accidental death due to vehicle related carbon monoxide poisoning
    Journal of The Air & Waste Management Association, 1998
    Co-Authors: Linsey C Marr, Glenn Morrison, William W Nazaroff, Robert A Harley
    Abstract:

    Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) from motor vehicles cause several hundred accidental fatal poisonings annually in the United States. The circumstances that could lead to fatal poisonings in residential settings with motor vehicles as the source of CO were explored. The risk of death in a garage (volume = 90 m 3 ) and a Single-Family Dwelling (400 m 3 ) was evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation with varying CO emission rates and ventilation rates. Information on emission rates was obtained from a survey of motor vehicle exhaust gas composition under warm idle conditions in California, and information on ventilation rates was obtained from a summary of published measurements in the U.S. housing stock. The risk of death ranged from 16 to 21% for a 3-hr exposure in a garage to 0% for a 1-hr exposure in a house. Older vehicles were associated with a disproportionately high risk of death. Removing all pre-1975 vehicles from the fleet would reduce the risk of death by one-fourth to twothirds, depending on the exposure scenario. Significant efforts have been made to control CO emissions from motor vehicles with the goal of reducing CO concentrations in outdoor air. Substantial public health benefit could also be obtained if vehicle control measures were designed to take account of acute CO poisonings explicitly.

  • radon transport from soil to air
    Reviews of Geophysics, 1992
    Co-Authors: William W Nazaroff
    Abstract:

    Radon generated within the upper few meters of the Earth's crust by the radioactive decay of radium can migrate during its brief lifetime from soil into the atmosphere. This phenomenon leads to a human health concern as inhalation of the short-lived decay products of radon causes irradiation of cells lining the respiratory tract. This paper reviews the factors that control the rate at which two radon isotopes, 222Rn and 220Rn, enter outdoor and indoor air from soil. The radium content of surface soils in the United States is usually in the range 10–100 Bq kg−1. The emanation coefficient, which refers to the fraction of radon generated in a material that enters the pore fluids, varies over a wide range with a typical value being 0.2. Radon in soil pores may be partitioned among three states: in the pore air, dissolved in the pore water, and sorbed to the soil grains. Except in the immediate vicinity of buildings, radon migrates through soil pores principally by molecular diffusion. Average reported flux densities from undisturbed soil into the atmosphere are 0.015–0.048 Bq m−2 s−1 for 222Rn and 1.6–1.7 Bq m−2 s−1 for 220Rn. Soil is the dominant source of radon in most buildings. Advective flow of soil gas across substructure penetrations is a key element in the transport process. The advective flow is driven by the weather (wind and indoor-outdoor temperature differences) and by the operation of building systems, such as heating and air conditioning equipment. A typical radon entry rate into a Single-Family Dwelling of 10–15 kBq h−1 can be accounted for by weather-induced pressure-driven flow through moderately to highly permeable soils. The extent to which diffusion through soil pores contributes to radon entry into buildings is not known, but in buildings with elevated concentrations, diffusion is believed to be less important than advection.