Sisyridae

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Ulrike Aspöck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • basal splitting events in Neuroptera (Neuroptera: Nevrorthidae)
    2015
    Co-Authors: Susanne R, Dominique Zimmermann, Ulrike Aspöck
    Abstract:

    Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 18.vii.2014. External and internal features of the head of adult Nevrorthus apatelios are described in detail. The results are compared with data from literature. The mouthpart muscle M. stipitalis transversalis and a hypopharyngeal transverse ligament are newly described for Neuroptera and herewith reported for the first time in Endopterygota. A submental gland with multiporous opening is described for Nevrorthidae and Osmylidae and is apparently unique among insects. The parsimony analysis indicates that Sisyridae is the sister group to all remaining Neuroptera. This placement is supported by the development of 1) a transverse division of the galea in two parts in all Neuroptera exclud ing Sisyridae, 2) the above mentioned submental gland in Nevrorthidae and Osmylidae, and 3) a poison system in all neuropteran larvae except Sisyridae. Implications for the phylogenetic relationships from the interpretation of larval character evolution, specifically the poison system, cryptonephry and formation of the head capsule are discussed. Key word

  • Head anatomy of adult Sisyra terminalis (Insecta: Neuroptera: Sisyridae)--functional adaptations and phylogenetic implications.
    Arthropod Structure & Development, 2013
    Co-Authors: Susanne Randolf, Dominique Zimmermann, Ulrike Aspöck
    Abstract:

    The external and internal head anatomy of Sisyra terminalis is described in detail and compared with data from literature. A salivary pump consisting of a peculiar reservoir and a hitherto unknown muscle, M. ductus salivarii, is newly described for Neuroptera. The upward folded paraglossae form a secondary prolongation of the salivary system. These structures are discussed as functional adaptations for feeding on aphids and desiccated honeydew. In a phylogenetic analysis the basal position of the Sisyridae within Neuroptera is retrieved. The following new synapomorphies are postulated: (1) for Neuropterida, the presence of a M. submentomentalis and prepharyngeal ventral transverse muscles, and the absence of a M. submentopraementalis; (2) for Neuroptera and Sialidae, the presence of a mandibular gland; (3) for Neuroptera, the presence of four scapopedicellar muscles; (4) for Neuroptera exclusive Nevrorthidae and Sisyridae, the weakening of dorsal tentorial arms, the presence of a M. tentoriomandibularis medialis superior and the shifted origin of M. tentoriocardinalis.

  • the function and phylogenetic implications of the tentorium in adult neuroptera insecta
    Arthropod Structure & Development, 2011
    Co-Authors: Dominique Zimmermann, Susanne Randolf, Brian D Metscher, Ulrike Aspöck
    Abstract:

    Abstract Despite several recent analyses on the phylogeny of Neuroptera some questions still remain to be answered. In the present analysis we address these questions by exploring a hitherto unexplored character complex: the tentorium, the internal cuticular support structure of the insect head. We described in detail the tentoria of representatives of all extant neuropteran families and the muscles originating on the tentorium using 3D microCT images and analyzed differences in combination with a large published matrix based on larval characters. We find that the tentorium and associated musculature are a source of phylogenetically informative characters. The addition of the tentorial characters to the larval matrix causes a basad shift of the Sisyridae and clearly supports a clade of all Neuroptera except Sisyridae and Nevrorthidae. A sister group relationship of Coniopterygidae and the dilarid clade is further corroborated. A general trend toward a reduction of the dorsal tentorial arms and the development of laminatentoria is observed. In addition to the phylogenetic analysis, a correlation among the feeding habits, the development of the maxillary muscles, and the laminatentoria is demonstrated.

  • the larval head of nevrorthidae and the phylogeny of neuroptera insecta
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010
    Co-Authors: Rolf Georg Beutel, Frank Friedrich, Ulrike Aspöck
    Abstract:

    External and internal head structures of larvae of Nevrorthidae were described in detail. The results were compared to conditions found in other representatives of Neuroptera and the other two neuropterid orders. The cladistic analysis supported the monophyly of Neuroptera, Neuroptera exclusive of Nevrorthidae, Hemerobiiformia, and Myrmeleontiformia. Neuroptera exclusive of Nevrorthidae are supported by the formation of an undivided postmentum and the presence of cryptonephric Malpighian tubules. The highly specialized articulation of the neck (Rollengelenk) and the absence of a salivary duct are autapomorphies of Nevrorthidae. Ithonidae and Polystoechotidae form a clade and are the sister group of the remaining Hemerobiiformia, which are characterized by the complete lack of a gula and a terminal filament of the antenna. Within this lineage, a clade comprising Mantispidae, Dilaridae, Berothidae, and Rhachiberothidae is well supported. Larvae of Myrmeleontiformia are characterized by a complex transformation of head structures, with a hypostomal bridge, a small triangular gula, largely reduced maxillary grooves, and anteriorly shifted posterior tentorial grooves. The slender finger-like mid-dorsal apodeme is another autapomorphy of the group. Psychopsidae are placed as the sister group of the remaining Myrmeleontiformia, which are characterized by a conspicuous, protruding ocular region (often less distinct or even absent in Nemopteridae). Ascalaphidae are the sister group of Myrmeleontidae. Larvae of both families share the fusion of the tibia and tarsus in the hind leg. The larval characters analysed were not sufficient for full resolution of the myrmeleontiform and hemerobiiform lineages. The position of several families such as Osmylidae, Sisyridae, and Coniopterygidae remains uncertain. The results are in agreement with an aquatic ancestor of Neuroptera and secondarily acquired terrestrial habits within the lineage (Neuroptera exclusive of Nevrorthidae), and another invasion of the aquatic environment by Sisyridae.

  • The first holistic SEM study of Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) - structural evidence and phylogenetic implications
    European Journal of Entomology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Dominique Zimmermann, Waltraud Klepal, Ulrike Aspöck
    Abstract:

    Adults of two coniopterygid species, Aleuropteryx juniperi Ohm, 1968 (Aleuropteryginae) and Semidalis aleyrodiformis (Stephens, 1836) (Coniopteryginae), were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Interspecific differences in the ultrastructure of the integument of all the major parts of the body were identified and described, and the functional and phylogenetic implications of the differences discussed. Additionally, the enlarged terminal segment of the labial palps of the Coniopterygidae and the Sisyridae, which up to now has been used as an argument for a sister-group relationship between these two families, was subjected to a thorough comparison. The very different morphology makes independent enlargement of the terminal palpal segment in both fami- lies plausible. This finding is congruent with the earlier hypothesis of a sister-group relationship between Coniopterygidae and the dilarid clade, which was proposed on the basis of molecular data, larval morphology and male genital sclerites. Finally, a new classi- fication of the coniopterygid subfamilies is presented based on characters of the larval head (prominence of the ocular region, rela- tive length of sucking stylets). The following relationship is hypothesized: (Brucheiserinae + Coniopteryginae) + Aleuropteryginae, and the implications of this hypothesis for the phylogenetic interpretation of the ultrastructural differences that we found are dis- cussed: (1) The wax glands, as well as plicatures, are interpreted as belonging to the ground pattern of the family Coniopterygidae, and (2) the wax glands are considered to have been reduced in Brucheiserinae and the plicatures in Coniopteryginae. A distinct (though reduced) spiraculum 8 was detected in Semidalis aleyrodiformis; as a consequence the hypothesis that the loss of spiraculum 8 is an autapomorphy of Coniopteryginae is refuted.

Vladimir N. Makarkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Enormously long, siphonate mouthparts of a new, oldest known spongillafly (Neuroptera, Sisyridae) from Burmese amber imply nectarivory or hematophagy
    Cretaceous Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Vladimir N. Makarkin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Paradoxosisyra groehni gen. et sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) is described from Upper Cretaceous (lowest Cenomanian) Burmese amber as the oldest known sisyrid. The new genus is assigned to the new subfamily Paradoxosisyrinae, which is characterized by enormously long siphonate mouthparts, very long and slender hind legs, several setiferous calluses on the head and pronotum; deeply forked CuP and AA1 veins in the forewing; a complete inner gradate series of crossveins, and the RP vein with five branches in the hind wing. The greatly lengthened, laterally flattened galea and lacinia, and the labial ligula transformed into a long acute stylet are characteristic of only this species and do not occur in other insects. These siphonate mouthparts were likely used primarily to feed on flower nectar. The possibility remains, however, that the species was hematophagous (possibly facultative), feeding on the hemolymph of arthropods or the blood of such thin-skinned vertebrates as frogs.

  • An interesting new species of Sisyridae (Neuroptera) from the Upper Cretaceous Taimyr amber
    Cretaceous Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Vladimir N. Makarkin, Evgeny E. Perkovsky
    Abstract:

    Abstract Prosisyrina sphinga sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) is described from Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Taimyr amber of northern Siberia (Yantardakh locality). The new species is preliminary assigned to this Cretaceous genus, mainly based on character states of the maxillary palpus and the hind wing vein M and crossvein 1r-m, and the presumable absence of tibial false spurs. However, the structure of the costal space and the RP branching in the hind wing indicate that it may belong to a new, closely related genus. The discovery of this second species from the locality might suggest that sisyrids were usual members of the Santonian riparian biocenoses of northern Siberia.

  • First confirmation of spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Cretaceous
    Cretaceous Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Evgeny E. Perkovsky, Vladimir N. Makarkin
    Abstract:

    New fossil spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) are described from Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Taimyr amber of northern Siberia: Prosisyrina sukachevae gen. et sp. nov. from the Yantardakh locality, and Prosisyrina sp. from the Ugolyak locality. These are the first confident sisyrid occurrences in the Mesozoic. Prosisyrina gen. nov. is most closely related to the extant tropical genus Sisyrina, and to a lesser extent the Eocene Paleosisyra. The fossil records of Sisyridae, freshwater sponges and bryozoans are reviewed, and their associations discussed. These Santonian Taimyr sisyrids reasonably imply the possible presence of Spongillina in fresh water near these localities, although freshwater sponges are yet not recorded from the Mesozoic of Eurasia.

Werner Weissmair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Evgeny E. Perkovsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An interesting new species of Sisyridae (Neuroptera) from the Upper Cretaceous Taimyr amber
    Cretaceous Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Vladimir N. Makarkin, Evgeny E. Perkovsky
    Abstract:

    Abstract Prosisyrina sphinga sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) is described from Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Taimyr amber of northern Siberia (Yantardakh locality). The new species is preliminary assigned to this Cretaceous genus, mainly based on character states of the maxillary palpus and the hind wing vein M and crossvein 1r-m, and the presumable absence of tibial false spurs. However, the structure of the costal space and the RP branching in the hind wing indicate that it may belong to a new, closely related genus. The discovery of this second species from the locality might suggest that sisyrids were usual members of the Santonian riparian biocenoses of northern Siberia.

  • First confirmation of spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Cretaceous
    Cretaceous Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Evgeny E. Perkovsky, Vladimir N. Makarkin
    Abstract:

    New fossil spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) are described from Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Taimyr amber of northern Siberia: Prosisyrina sukachevae gen. et sp. nov. from the Yantardakh locality, and Prosisyrina sp. from the Ugolyak locality. These are the first confident sisyrid occurrences in the Mesozoic. Prosisyrina gen. nov. is most closely related to the extant tropical genus Sisyrina, and to a lesser extent the Eocene Paleosisyra. The fossil records of Sisyridae, freshwater sponges and bryozoans are reviewed, and their associations discussed. These Santonian Taimyr sisyrids reasonably imply the possible presence of Spongillina in fresh water near these localities, although freshwater sponges are yet not recorded from the Mesozoic of Eurasia.

Weißmair Werner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A spongillafly new to the French fauna: Sisyra bureschi Rausch & Weißmair, 2007 (Neuropterida, Sisyridae)
    PERSÉE : Université de Lyon CNRS & ENS de Lyon, 2015
    Co-Authors: Canard Michel, Thierry Dominique, Cloupeau Roger, Rausch Hubert, Weißmair Werner
    Abstract:

    Specimens of a spongillafly sympatric with Sisyra nigra (Retzius, 1783) and S. terminalis Curtis, 1856, were collected in France in the riparian forest of the Loire river and of several of its tributaries in Touraine and Anjou. They were assigned to Sisyra bureschi Rausch & Weißmair, 2007, previously considered as Balkanic.Un Sisyride nouveau pour la faune de France : Sisyra bureschi Rausch & Weißmair, 2007 (Neuropterida, Sisyridae). Des spécimens d’un Sisyride sympatrique de Sisyra nigra (Retzius, 1783) et de S. terminalis Curtis, 1856, ont été collectés dans la ripisylve de la Loire et de quelques-uns de ses affluents secondaires en Touraine et en Anjou. Ils sont rapportés à Sisyra bureschi Rausch & Weißmair, 2007, tout d’abord considérée comme une espèce balkanique.Canard Michel, Thierry Dominique, Cloupeau Roger, Rausch Hubert, Weissmair Werner. A spongillafly new to the French fauna: Sisyra bureschi Rausch & Weißmair, 2007 (Neuropterida, Sisyridae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 120 (1),2015. pp. 19-24

  • Faunističke značajke i rasprostranjenost vodenih Neuroptera u Hrvatskoj
    'Croatian Natural History Museum', 2011
    Co-Authors: Ivković Marija, Weißmair Werner
    Abstract:

    Aquatic Neuroptera in Europe are represented with 17 species in 3 families; Osmylidae, Sisyridae and Nevrorthidae. Four species are known from Croatia, Osmylus fulvicephalus, Sisyra bureschi, Sisyra nigra and Sisyra terminalis. Their faunistics and distribution in Croatia are given in this paper.Vodeni Neuroptera su u Europi zastupljeni sa 17 vrsta u 3 porodice: Osmylidae, Sisyridae i Nevrorthidae. U Hrvatskoj su do sada zabilježene 4 vrste: Osmylus fulvicephalus, Sisyra bureschi, Sisyra nigra and Sisyra terminalis. Faunistički podaci o vrstama i njihova rasprostranjenost su dani u ovom radu

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