The Experts below are selected from a list of 2763 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Guowen Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of air gap on thermal performance of protective clothing against hot water spray
    Textile Research Journal, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Guowen Song, Faming Wang
    Abstract:

    The air gap size and distribution developed between clothing and a human body play a critical role in clothing performance, specifically for thermal protective clothing. Hot liquid is considered as one of the common hazards in industrial working environments. In this study, the clothing air layer entrapped between protective clothing and a manikin body was determined using three-dimensional body scanning, and the protective performance provide by the clothing was predicted using an instrumented hot water spray manikin evaluation system. The relationship between the average air gap size and overall protective performance was analyzed. The impact of clothing air gap developed along the human body on predicted Burn Injury was considered. In addition, the air gap distribution and its relation to Skin Burn Injury were compared for the selected garments. In general, the results indicated that the average air gap size showed positive effects on the overall protective performance. For all body parts except the pe...

  • Analysing Performance of Protective Clothing upon Hot Liquid Exposure Using Instrumented Spray Manikin
    The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guowen Song
    Abstract:

    Hot liquid hazards existing in work environments present a common risk in workplace safety in numerous industries. In this study, a newly developed instrumented manikin system was used to assess the protective performance provided by protective clothing against hot liquid splash. The Skin Burn Injury and its distribution for the selected clothing system were predicted and the effects of clothing design features (fabric properties and garment size) on protective performance were investigated. The air gap size and distribution existing between protective clothing and human Skin were characterized using 3D body scanning, and their relation to Skin Burn Injury was identified. The mechanism associated with heat and mass transfer under exposure to hot liquid splashes was discussed. The findings provided technical bases to improve the performance of protective clothing. For protective clothing design, minimizing mass transfer through clothing system is very important to provide high performance. Keeping the air gap between the garment and the human body is an essential approach to improve thermal performance. This can be achieved by proper design in size and fit, or applying functional textile materials.

  • thermal protective performance of protective clothing used for low radiant heat protection
    Textile Research Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Guowen Song, Stephen Paskaluk, Rohit Sati, Doug J Dale, Elizabeth M. Crown, Mark Ackerman
    Abstract:

    A laboratory simulation was performed to study the thermal protective performance of fabric systems under low level thermal hazards in the range of 6.3--8.3 kW/m2 . Two approaches were used. The first used a method similar to the ASTM F 1939, radiant heat resistance test, while the second used a modification designed to capture the contribution to Skin Burn Injury due to energy stored in the test specimens being released after the direct exposure had ended. Both dry and wet specimens were tested. In order to accommodate the prolonged exposure time a water cooled heat flux sensor was used to calibrate the radiant heat source and measure the energy directly transmitted through during the exposure and discharged later from the fabric systems. The Henriques Burn Integral (HBI) was adopted and programmed with a three layer Skin model to predict the time required to achieve a second degree Skin Burn Injury. The study investigated the thermal protection provided by the clothing with different layering and examined the effect of moisture under low level radiant heat exposures. In addition, the physiological burden associated with wearing the clothing was predicted and compared. The results obtained show the difference in measured protection level under low radiant heat from these two approaches and demonstrate that the stored thermal energy released from the clothing system significantly lowers the measured thermal protective performance.

  • Analyzing stored thermal energy and thermal protective performance of clothing
    Textile Research Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Guowen Song, Wei Cao, Farzan Gholamreza
    Abstract:

    Protective clothing can store large amounts of energy when exposed to thermal (heat, flame) hazards. After exposure, the stored thermal energy discharges naturally-or may be forced if the clothing is compressed suddenly-and contributes to human Skin Burn injuries. In this study, the stored thermal energy that develops in thermal protective clothing materials was analyzed under different conditions. A stored energy approach that accounts for the thermal energy contained in the exposed test specimen is developed. The stored energy approach measures the total energy delivered to the sensor from a combination of the energy directly transmitted during exposure and the energy stored in the fabric system that is subsequently discharged after the thermal exposure. The study examines the effects of moisture on protective performance and the influence of air gaps between the fabrics and the sensor in terms of a stored energy approach and TPP/RPP (thermal protective performance/radiant protective performance) approach. A minimum exposure time that caused a prediction of a second degree Burn was introduced and its contribution to Burn Injury was examined. These analyses demonstrate that the stored thermal energy obtained during thermal exposure is significant for multilayer protective clothing. Stored thermal energy contributes a large part of the total energy required to cause a second degree Skin Burn Injury. The results indicate that, in cases of thermal exposure, stored thermal energy can reduce significantly the level of protection expected from wearing protective clothing.

  • modeling the thermal protective performance of heat resistant garments in flash fire exposures
    Textile Research Journal, 2004
    Co-Authors: Guowen Song, Patirop Chitrphiromsri, Hechmi Hamouda, Roger L. Barker, A. V. Kuznetsov, R Grimes
    Abstract:

    This research developes a numerical model to predict Skin Burn Injury resulting from heat transfer through a protective garment worn by an instrumented manikin exposed to laboratory-controlled flash fire exposures. This model incorporates characteristics of the simulated flash fire generated in the chamber and the heat-induced changes in fabric thermophysical properties. The model also accounts for clothing air layers between the garment and the manikin. The model is validated using an instrumented manikin fire test system. Results from the numerical model help contribute to a better understanding of the heat transfer process in protective garments exposed to intense flash fires, and to establishing systematic methods for engineering materials and garments to produce optimum thermal protective performance.

Jiazhen He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Predicting the heat transfer through protective clothing under exposure to hot water spray
    International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Si Chen, Yehu Lu, Jiazhen He
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hot liquid splash hazard is a common risk in workplace safety from industrial to home scale, and thermal protective clothing is required to ensure workers' health and safety. In this study, an instrumented manikin test system was used to evaluate the protective performance provided by protective clothing against hot water spray. The effects of fabric properties on the protective performance were investigated, and empirical models were developed to characterize the relationships between fabric properties and thermal protection. The contribution of stored energy to Skin Burn was also explored. The results indicated that the water repellence finish significantly affected the heat transfer and the protective performance, while the fabric weight and density had slight effect on the protection. The garment with lower air permeability provided better thermal protection. The overall performance increased with the increasing of air gap size for permeable garments. The weft stiffness of the fabric affected the performance as well. The garment with lower stored energy during exposure (EAE) and cooling phase (CAE) provided better thermal protection. The lower the ratio of absorbed energy during exposure to absorbed energy when 2nd degree Burn occurred, the higher the stored energy contribution to Skin Burn Injury. Though fabric weight did not show main effect on heat transfer and Skin Burn Injury in permeable garments, it did affect the EAE/BAE. The findings suggest effective design improvement for the protective clothing.

Adrian Bejan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vascular Countercurrent Network for 3-D Triple-Layered Skin Structure with Radiation Heating
    Numerical Heat Transfer Part A: Applications, 2010
    Co-Authors: Xiaoqi Zeng, Weizhong Dai, Adrian Bejan
    Abstract:

    A mathematical model for Skin Burn Injury induced by radiation heating, where the Skin was considered to be a 3-D triple-layered structure with embedded three-level dendritic countercurrent vascular network, has been developed. Since there are up to seven levels of arteries and veins, the motivation of this study is to extend the model to a more complex case that considers a seven-level dendritic countercurrent vascular network, where the dimensions and blood flow of the blood vessels are determined based on the constructal theory of multi-scale tree-shaped heat exchangers. The method is illustrated by an example.

  • a mathematical model for Skin Burn Injury induced by radiation heating
    International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008
    Co-Authors: Haojie Wang, Pedro M Jordan, Ronald E Mickens, Adrian Bejan
    Abstract:

    Abstract We modify the Pennes model by taking into account the thermal relaxation time of biological tissue. Specifically, we employ the Maxwell–Cattaneo thermal flux law, in conjunction with the fourth power law, to model the effects of high thermal radiation on such Skin. The Skin is considered to be a 3D triple-layered structure with embedded dendritic countercurrent multi-level blood vessels, artery and vein, where the dimensions and blood flow of the multi-level blood vessels are determined based on the constructal theory of multi-scale tree-shaped heat exchangers. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.

Si Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Predicting the heat transfer through protective clothing under exposure to hot water spray
    International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Si Chen, Yehu Lu, Jiazhen He
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hot liquid splash hazard is a common risk in workplace safety from industrial to home scale, and thermal protective clothing is required to ensure workers' health and safety. In this study, an instrumented manikin test system was used to evaluate the protective performance provided by protective clothing against hot water spray. The effects of fabric properties on the protective performance were investigated, and empirical models were developed to characterize the relationships between fabric properties and thermal protection. The contribution of stored energy to Skin Burn was also explored. The results indicated that the water repellence finish significantly affected the heat transfer and the protective performance, while the fabric weight and density had slight effect on the protection. The garment with lower air permeability provided better thermal protection. The overall performance increased with the increasing of air gap size for permeable garments. The weft stiffness of the fabric affected the performance as well. The garment with lower stored energy during exposure (EAE) and cooling phase (CAE) provided better thermal protection. The lower the ratio of absorbed energy during exposure to absorbed energy when 2nd degree Burn occurred, the higher the stored energy contribution to Skin Burn Injury. Though fabric weight did not show main effect on heat transfer and Skin Burn Injury in permeable garments, it did affect the EAE/BAE. The findings suggest effective design improvement for the protective clothing.

Joshua M. Swift - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Captopril Increases Survival after Whole-Body Ionizing Irradiation but Decreases Survival when Combined with Skin-Burn Trauma in Mice
    Radiation research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Aminul Islam, David L. Bolduc, Min Zhai, Juliann G. Kiang, Joshua M. Swift
    Abstract:

    Past and recent radiation events have involved a high incidence of radiation combined Injury where victims often succumb to serious infections as a consequence of bacterial translocation and subsequent sepsis. The risk of infection is exacerbated in radiation combined Skin-Burn Injury (RCI), which increase vulnerability. Furthermore, no suitable countermeasures for radiation combined Skin-Burn Injury have been established. In this study, we evaluated captopril as a potential countermeasure to radiation combined Skin-Burn Injury. Captopril is an FDA-approved angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that was previously reported to stimulate hematopoietic recovery after exposure to ionizing radiation. Female B6D2F1/J mice were whole-body bilateral 60Co gamma-photon irradiated (dose rate of 0.4 Gy/min) with 9.5 Gy (LD70/30 for RCI), followed by nonlethal dorsal Skin-Burn Injury under anesthesia (approximately 15% total-body surface-area Burn). Mice were provided with acidified drinking water with or without di...

  • An Exploration of Molecular Correlates Relevant to Radiation Combined Skin-Burn Trauma.
    PloS one, 2015
    Co-Authors: Aminul Islam, Min Zhai, Svetlana Ghimbovschi, Joshua M. Swift
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Exposure to high dose radiation in combination with physical injuries such as Burn or wound trauma can produce a more harmful set of medical complications requiring specialist interventions. Currently these interventions are unavailable as are the precise biomarkers needed to help both accurately assess and treat such conditions. In the present study, we tried to identify and explore the possible role of serum exosome microRNA (miRNA) signatures as potential biomarkers for radiation combined Burn Injury (RCBI). METHODOLOGY: Female B6D2F1/J mice were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 6): sham control (SHAM), Burn Injury (Burn), radiation Injury (RI) and combined radiation Skin Burn Injury (CI). We performed serum multiplex cytokine analysis and serum exosome miRNA expression profiling to determine novel miRNA signatures and important biological pathways associated with radiation combined Skin-Burn trauma. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Serum cytokines, IL-5 and MCP-1, were significantly induced only in CI mice (pCONCLUSIONS: Serum exosome miRNA signature data of adult mice, following RCBI, provides new insights into the molecular and biochemical pathways associated with radiation combined Skin-Burn trauma in vivo. Language: en

  • 2 0 3 0 desulfated heparin does not affect radiation Injury induced mortality but reduces radiation combined Skin Burn Injury induced survival in mice
    Journal of Cell Science and Therapy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Aminul Islam, David L. Bolduc, Min Zhai, Stuart S. Hobbs, Joshua M. Swift
    Abstract:

    Many radiation events have involved a high incidence of radiation combined injuries. Victims of radiation events succumb to serious infections as a consequence of bacterial translocation and sepsis. Exacerbation of the risk of infection by radiation combined Burn Injury (RCBI) further heightens vulnerability. There are currently no suitable countermeasures that exist for RCBIs. We evaluated 2-0, 3-0 desulfated heparin (ODSH), an anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant agent as a potential countermeasure to RCBI. Female B6D2F1/J mice (12-week) were subjected to 9.5 Gy (LD70/30 for RCBI) whole-body bilateral 60Co gamma-photon radiation (0.4 Gy/min), followed by dorsal Skin Burn Injury under anesthesia (∼15% total-body-surface area Burn). Mice were injected subcutaneously with ODSH (25 mg/kg every 12 h; days 1-2 and 17.5 mg/kg every 12 h; days 3-7) or vehicle (sterile saline of equal volume) for 7 days post-Injury and further administered topical gentamicin (0.1% cream; days 1-10) and oral levofloxacin (100 mg/kg; days 3-16). Mice were euthanized on day 30 following water consumption, body mass and survival analysis. Our data showed ODSH had no effect on radiation Injury (RI)-induced mortality (45% ODSH vs. 45% VEH; n=20). However interestingly, ODSH treatment significantly reduced survival after RCBI (12% ODSH vs. 41% VEH; n=22, p<0.05). Furthermore, ODSH did not affect water consumption or body mass accrual after RI or RCBI. ODSH was not able to counteract the negative alterations in hematology, splenocytes, or bone marrow cell counts after RI or RCBI. These data illustrate that ODSH in combination with antibiotic treatments, may not be a mitigating countermeasure for RCBI.

  • 2-0, 3-0 Desulfated Heparin does not Affect Radiation Injury Induced Mortality but Reduces Radiation Combined Skin-Burn Injury Induced Survival in Mice
    Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Aminul Islam, David L. Bolduc, Min Zhai, Stuart S. Hobbs, Joshua M. Swift
    Abstract:

    Many radiation events have involved a high incidence of radiation combined injuries. Victims of radiation events succumb to serious infections as a consequence of bacterial translocation and sepsis. Exacerbation of the risk of infection by radiation combined Burn Injury (RCBI) further heightens vulnerability. There are currently no suitable countermeasures that exist for RCBIs. We evaluated 2-0, 3-0 desulfated heparin (ODSH), an anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant agent as a potential countermeasure to RCBI. Female B6D2F1/J mice (12-week) were subjected to 9.5 Gy (LD70/30 for RCBI) whole-body bilateral 60Co gamma-photon radiation (0.4 Gy/min), followed by dorsal Skin Burn Injury under anesthesia (∼15% total-body-surface area Burn). Mice were injected subcutaneously with ODSH (25 mg/kg every 12 h; days 1-2 and 17.5 mg/kg every 12 h; days 3-7) or vehicle (sterile saline of equal volume) for 7 days post-Injury and further administered topical gentamicin (0.1% cream; days 1-10) and oral levofloxacin (100 mg/kg; days 3-16). Mice were euthanized on day 30 following water consumption, body mass and survival analysis. Our data showed ODSH had no effect on radiation Injury (RI)-induced mortality (45% ODSH vs. 45% VEH; n=20). However interestingly, ODSH treatment significantly reduced survival after RCBI (12% ODSH vs. 41% VEH; n=22, p