Thermal Protective Performance

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Jun Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Intelligent bidirectional Thermal regulation of phase change material incorporated in Thermal Protective clothing
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Yunyi Wang, Miao Tian, Xiang-hui Zhang, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Coating of fabric by organic phase change materials (PCMs) loaded with paraffin wax changed Thermal properties of the fabric. The PCM coated fabric with intelligent bidirectional Thermal regulation was designed and prepared. The basic and Thermal physical properties of the PCM coated fabric were measured. The PCM layer was incorporated into Thermal Protective clothing, and the Thermal Protective Performance was evaluated under hot contact exposure. High Thermal capacity of PCM increased the potential of Thermal Protective clothing for heat accumulation during the hot contact exposure, but also modified heat release from the Thermal Protective clothing after the end of exposure. The incorporation of the PCM coated fabric increased greatly the Thermal Protective Performance during the heat exposure, which was influenced by melt temperature, PCM content and enthalphy. The Thermal hazardous effect caused by the PCM coated fabric was slightly increased, but presenting no significant correlation with the skin absorbed Thermal energy after the exposure. Therefore, the PCM showed great potential applications for developing intelligent Thermal Protective clothing. The conclusions obtained from this study contributed to development of PCM with high Thermal capacity and low heat release suitable for the Thermal Protective clothing.

  • A Coupled Model for Heat and Moisture Transport Simulation in Porous Materials Exposed to Thermal Radiation
    Transport in Porous Media, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Jun Li, Xiang-hui Zhang
    Abstract:

    Understanding mechanism of transmitted and stored heat in porous materials was extremely important for improving Thermal Protective Performance of clothing. A coupled heat and moisture transfer model in a three-layer fabric system while exposing to a low-level Thermal radiation was developed in this study. The model simulated the transmitted and stored heat in porous materials, and considered the effect of moisture transport on the transmitted and stored heat. The predicted results from the coupled model were validated with the experimental results, and compared with the predicted results from the previous model without considering the moisture effect. It was found that the prediction accuracies in skin burn and skin temperature through the coupled model were further improved. The coupled model was used to examine the moisture effect on heat transport and storage in porous materials. The results demonstrated that the moisture within porous materials increased the heat storage and discharge, but decreased the heat transport. The increases in initial moisture content and fiber moisture regain, while increasing the Thermal hazardous effect, greatly enhanced the Thermal Protective Performance of clothing. Therefore, it suggested that the moisture management in porous materials was a key consideration for Thermal functional design of fabric.

  • influence of transport properties of laminated membrane fabric on Thermal Protective Performance against steam hazard
    Fibers and Polymers, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Guowen Song, Rui Li, Jie Yang, Chunhui Xiang, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    The breathable fabric and membrane application in Protective clothing designed for protection against flame, radiation, hot liquid and steam are vital in Thermal Protective Performance and Thermal comfort. Four kinds of laminated membrane-fabrics were selected to investigate the influence of configuration and properties of the fabric on Thermal Protective Performance under a pressurized steam hazard simulation. Surface morphology, water repellency, air permeability, water vapor permeability and other characteristics were evaluated to explore their impact on the mechanism of heat and moisture transfer in laminated fabric. It is found that the configuration critically affects the Thermal Protective Performance. The thickness, mass and moisture regain of laminated fabric exhibit different levels of positive correlation with Thermal Protective Performance of two configurations. Additionally, absorptive and porous membranes have different modes of water vapor transmission, while heat conduction and steam condensation in two kinds of membranes are both key influential factors in producing skin burn under steam hazard. Therefore, effective protection against steam hazard is achieved by decreasing the penetration and storage of steam within Protective clothing.

  • Application of waterproof breathable fabric in Thermal Protective clothing exposed to hot water and steam
    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Guowen Song, Rui Li, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    A hot water and steam tester was used to examine Thermal Protective Performance of waterproof and breathable fabric against hot water and steam hazards. Time to cause skin burn and Thermal energy absorbed by skin during exposure and cooling phases was employed to characterize the effect of configuration, placing order and properties of waterproof and breathable fabric on the Thermal Protective Performance. The difference of Thermal Protective Performance due to hot water and steam hazards was discussed. The result showed that the configuration of waterproof and breathable fabric presented a significant effect on the Thermal Protective Performance of single- and double-layer fabric system, while the difference between different configurations in steam hazard was greater than that in hot water hazard. The waterproof and breathable fabric as outer layer provided better protection than that as inner layer. Increasing thickness and moisture regain improved the Thermal Protective Performance of fabric system. Additionally, the Thermal energy absorbed by skin during the cooling phase was affected by configuration, thickness and moisture regain of fabric. The findings will provide technical data to improve Performance of Thermal Protective clothing in hot water and steam hazards.

  • development of a test device to characterize Thermal Protective Performance of fabrics against hot steam and Thermal radiation
    Measurement Science and Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    Steam burns severely threaten the life of firefighters in the course of their fire-ground activities. The aim of this paper was to characterize Thermal Protective Performance of flame-retardant fabrics exposed to hot steam and low-level Thermal radiation. An improved testing apparatus based on ASTM F2731-11 was developed in order to simulate the routine fire-ground conditions by controlling steam pressure, flow rate and temperature of steam box. The Thermal Protective Performance of single-layer and multi-layer fabric system with/without an air gap was studied based on the calibrated tester. It was indicated that the new testing apparatus effectively evaluated Thermal properties of fabric in hot steam and Thermal radiation. Hot steam significantly exacerbated the skin burn injuries while the condensed water on the skin's surface contributed to cool down the skin tissues during the cooling. Also, the absorbed Thermal energy during the exposure and the cooling was mainly determined by the fabric's configuration, the air gap size, the exposure time and the existence of hot steam. The research provides a effective method to characterize the Thermal protection of fabric in complex conditions, which will help in optimization of Thermal protection Performance of clothing and reduction of steam burn.

Guowen Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Yehu Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interaction effects of washing and abrasion on Thermal Protective Performance of flame retardant fabrics
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lijun Wang, Yehu Lu, Jiazhen He, Shumin Jiang, Min Wang
    Abstract:

    In this study, common flame-retardant fabrics were treated with single washing or abrasion and their interactions to simulate wearing away during use. The changes in thickness, mass/m2 and protecti...

  • a new protocol to characterize Thermal Protective Performance of fabrics against hot liquid splash
    Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen Paskaluk, Mark Ackerman, Guowen Song, Yehu Lu, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract A hot liquid splash tester and a protocol were developed to investigate the Thermal Protective Performance and impact penetration Performance of fabrics used in Protective clothing. The instrument developed could be used to characterize penetration resistance and Thermal protection against hot liquid splash. Different liquids were employed to explore the effect of liquid properties on penetration Performance and Thermal protection. The correlation between penetration and Thermal protection was discussed. The results showed that liquid viscosity and fabric surface property determined the impact penetration. Impermeable fabrics showed better protection than permeable fabrics. Increasing penetration resistance improved Thermal protection of a permeable fabric. Liquid Thermal diffusivity, mass transfer rate and total amount affected heat transfer through the fabric to skin simulant. The findings will provide technical data to improve Protective material Performance and modify test standard.

  • Effect of an air gap on the heat transfer of Protective materials upon hot liquid splashes
    Textile Research Journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Jun Li, Guowen Song, Stephen Paskaluk
    Abstract:

    The Thermal Protective Performance of fabrics against hot liquid splashes was investigated under different configurations. The air gap of 6 mm between specimen and sensor was simulated and compared with direct contact configuration. Three liquids (distilled water, canola oil, drilling mud) at 85℃ were applied as challenge hot liquid hazards. The results showed that fabric permeability significantly affected heat transfer due to the occurrence of mass transfer both with and without a spacer. The absorbed energy and second-degree burn time presented significantly negative correlation. The effect of air gap on Thermal Performance was investigated. The findings demonstrated that minimizing mass transfer could effectively improve Thermal protection against hot liquid splashes and the existing of an air layer could improve Thermal Performance.

  • The effect of air gaps in moist Protective clothing on protection from heat and flame
    Journal of Fire Sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Jun Li, Xiaohui Li, Guowen Song
    Abstract:

    The distribution of air gaps and moisture in Thermal Protective clothing has a large and complicated impact on Thermal Protective Performance. The effect of air gap size on the Thermal Protective Performance of flame-resistant fabrics with different moisture content was investigated under intense exposures. The air gap sizes from 0 to 24 mm were analyzed using an air gap height regulation device. Fabrics with different moisture content were prepared, and the Thermal Protective Performance was evaluated. The results showed that the effect of air gaps was influenced by the amount of moisture added to the fabric. It was also determined that the moisture in the fabric significantly increased the Thermal Protective Performance (P < 0.05). The positive effect of moisture was enhanced by the amount of moisture if the air gap size was less than 12 mm; the effect of moisture varied for air gaps larger than 12 mm. The mechanisms associated with heat and mass transfer in moist fabric were discussed. The results sugg...

  • effects of air gap entrapped in multilayer fabrics and moisture on Thermal Protective Performance
    Fibers and Polymers, 2012
    Co-Authors: Yunyi Wang, Yehu Lu, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    Thermal protection of firefighter Protective clothing is greatly influenced by the air gap entrapped and moisture in clothing. In this paper, the effects of air gap size and position on Thermal Protective Performance exposed to 84 kW/m2 heat source were investigated. Water was also added to Thermal liner to understand the effect of air gap coupled with moisture on Thermal protection. It was indicated that the TPP of fabrics system increased with the air gap size. The air gap position also greatly influenced the heat transfer during exposure to flash fire. Moisture added weakened the positive effect of air gap size when the air gap exists far from heat source, and almost eliminated the favorable effect of air gap position. However, when there is no air gap or small air gap between outer shell fabric and moisture barrier, moisture increased the Thermal protection Performance of multilayer fabrics system. The results obtained suggested that certain air gap entrapped in fabrics system and clothing microclimate could improve Thermal protection, and the complicated effect of moisture should also be considered.

Yunyi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Intelligent bidirectional Thermal regulation of phase change material incorporated in Thermal Protective clothing
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Yunyi Wang, Miao Tian, Xiang-hui Zhang, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Coating of fabric by organic phase change materials (PCMs) loaded with paraffin wax changed Thermal properties of the fabric. The PCM coated fabric with intelligent bidirectional Thermal regulation was designed and prepared. The basic and Thermal physical properties of the PCM coated fabric were measured. The PCM layer was incorporated into Thermal Protective clothing, and the Thermal Protective Performance was evaluated under hot contact exposure. High Thermal capacity of PCM increased the potential of Thermal Protective clothing for heat accumulation during the hot contact exposure, but also modified heat release from the Thermal Protective clothing after the end of exposure. The incorporation of the PCM coated fabric increased greatly the Thermal Protective Performance during the heat exposure, which was influenced by melt temperature, PCM content and enthalphy. The Thermal hazardous effect caused by the PCM coated fabric was slightly increased, but presenting no significant correlation with the skin absorbed Thermal energy after the exposure. Therefore, the PCM showed great potential applications for developing intelligent Thermal Protective clothing. The conclusions obtained from this study contributed to development of PCM with high Thermal capacity and low heat release suitable for the Thermal Protective clothing.

  • Development of a device for 3D surface reconstruction of Thermal shrinkage of flame-resistant fabrics:
    Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2019
    Co-Authors: Meng Deng, Yunyi Wang
    Abstract:

    Thermal shrinkage of flame-retardant fabrics under high temperature exposure would result in the change of air layer under clothing, which can affect the Thermal Protective Performance of clothing....

  • effect of air gaps characteristics on Thermal Protective Performance of firefighters clothing
    International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Meng Deng, Yunyi Wang, Peijing Li
    Abstract:

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide the details of developments to research works in the distribution characteristics of the air gaps within firefighters’ clothing and research methods to evaluate the effect of air gaps on the Thermal Protective Performance of firefighters’ clothing. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the distribution of air gaps within firefighters’ clothing was first analyzed, and the air gaps characteristics were summarized as thickness, location, heterogeneity, orientation and dynamics. Then, the evaluation of the air gap on the Thermal Protective Performance of fighters’ clothing was reviewed for both experimental and numerical studies. Findings The air gaps within clothing layers and between clothing and skin play an important role in determining the Thermal Protective Performance of firefighters’ Protective clothing. It is obvious that research works on the effects of actual air gaps entrapped in firefighters’ clothing on Thermal protection are comparatively few in number, primarily focusing on static and uniform air gaps at the fabric level. Further studies should be conducted to define the characteristic of air gap, deepen the understand of mechanism of heat transfer and numerically simulate the 3D dynamic heat transfer in clothing to improve the evaluation of Thermal Protective Performance provided by the firefighters’ clothing. Practical implications Air gaps within Thermal Protective clothing play a crucial role in the Protective Performance of clothing and provide an efficient way to provide fire-fighting occupational safety. To accurately characterize the distribution of air gaps in firefighters’ clothing under high heat exposure, the paper will provide guidelines for clothing engineers to design clothing for fighters and optimize the clothing Performance. Originality/value This paper is offered as a concise reference for researchers’ further research in the area of the effect of air gaps within firefighters’ clothing under Thermal exposure.

  • Evaluation method for Thermal protection of firefighters’ clothing in high-temperature and high-humidity condition
    International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Yunyi Wang, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide the details of developments to researchers in test apparatus and evaluation methods to rate the Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) of firefighters’ clothing under high-temperature and high-humidity condition. Design/methodology/approach – This review paper describes the influence laws of moisture on Thermal protection and the moisture distribution in actual fire environment. Different evaluation methods used for assessing the effect of moisture on the TPP were investigated, with an emphasis on test devices, evaluation indexes as well as their relationship and limitations. Findings – The moisture from the ambient, clothing and human perspiration plays an important role in determining the TPP of firefighter Protective clothing. It is obvious that research on moisture-driven heat transfer in firefighter’s clothing system are comparatively little, primarily focussing on pre-wetted methods of multi-layer fabric. Further studies should be conducted to develop ...

  • Effects of inner and outer clothing combinations on firefighter ensembles’ Thermal- and moisture-related comfort levels
    Journal of The Textile Institute, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yunyi Wang, Zhaohua Zhang, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    The special clothing ensembles firefighters wear should provide not only Thermal Protective Performance but also Thermal- and moisture-related comfort. The comfort property of Protective clothing has great influence on work efficiency. In this study, inner clothing was designed to combine with firefighters’ Protective clothing in order to create different clothing ensembles. Two separate wear trials were carried out under the temperatures of 28°C (warm) and 15°C (cool), respectively; cardiopulmonary indexes, temperature and relative humidity under clothing microclimate and subjective sensations were evaluated. These objective and subjective experimental data were analysed to differentiate clothing ensembles’ Thermal- and moisture-related comfort properties. The effect of different inner clothing items, combined with the firefighters’ Protective clothing, on the overall comfort level of the clothing ensembles was also investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the Thermal, ...

Yun Su - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Numerical model of heat and moisture transfer in membrane material used for Protective clothing against steam hazard
    2020
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Guowen Song, Rui Li, Chunhui Xiang, Huanjiao Dong
    Abstract:

    A numerical model of heat and moisture transport in membrane material under steam hazard was developed and agreed well with experimental results. This model was employed to explore the mechanism of heat and moisture transfer in membrane material. Additionally, the effect of membrane material properties and exposure conditions on Thermal Protective Performance of Protective clothing was analyzed based on the developed model.

  • Intelligent bidirectional Thermal regulation of phase change material incorporated in Thermal Protective clothing
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Yunyi Wang, Miao Tian, Xiang-hui Zhang, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Coating of fabric by organic phase change materials (PCMs) loaded with paraffin wax changed Thermal properties of the fabric. The PCM coated fabric with intelligent bidirectional Thermal regulation was designed and prepared. The basic and Thermal physical properties of the PCM coated fabric were measured. The PCM layer was incorporated into Thermal Protective clothing, and the Thermal Protective Performance was evaluated under hot contact exposure. High Thermal capacity of PCM increased the potential of Thermal Protective clothing for heat accumulation during the hot contact exposure, but also modified heat release from the Thermal Protective clothing after the end of exposure. The incorporation of the PCM coated fabric increased greatly the Thermal Protective Performance during the heat exposure, which was influenced by melt temperature, PCM content and enthalphy. The Thermal hazardous effect caused by the PCM coated fabric was slightly increased, but presenting no significant correlation with the skin absorbed Thermal energy after the exposure. Therefore, the PCM showed great potential applications for developing intelligent Thermal Protective clothing. The conclusions obtained from this study contributed to development of PCM with high Thermal capacity and low heat release suitable for the Thermal Protective clothing.

  • influence of transport properties of laminated membrane fabric on Thermal Protective Performance against steam hazard
    Fibers and Polymers, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Guowen Song, Rui Li, Jie Yang, Chunhui Xiang, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    The breathable fabric and membrane application in Protective clothing designed for protection against flame, radiation, hot liquid and steam are vital in Thermal Protective Performance and Thermal comfort. Four kinds of laminated membrane-fabrics were selected to investigate the influence of configuration and properties of the fabric on Thermal Protective Performance under a pressurized steam hazard simulation. Surface morphology, water repellency, air permeability, water vapor permeability and other characteristics were evaluated to explore their impact on the mechanism of heat and moisture transfer in laminated fabric. It is found that the configuration critically affects the Thermal Protective Performance. The thickness, mass and moisture regain of laminated fabric exhibit different levels of positive correlation with Thermal Protective Performance of two configurations. Additionally, absorptive and porous membranes have different modes of water vapor transmission, while heat conduction and steam condensation in two kinds of membranes are both key influential factors in producing skin burn under steam hazard. Therefore, effective protection against steam hazard is achieved by decreasing the penetration and storage of steam within Protective clothing.

  • A Coupled Model for Heat and Moisture Transport Simulation in Porous Materials Exposed to Thermal Radiation
    Transport in Porous Media, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Jun Li, Xiang-hui Zhang
    Abstract:

    Understanding mechanism of transmitted and stored heat in porous materials was extremely important for improving Thermal Protective Performance of clothing. A coupled heat and moisture transfer model in a three-layer fabric system while exposing to a low-level Thermal radiation was developed in this study. The model simulated the transmitted and stored heat in porous materials, and considered the effect of moisture transport on the transmitted and stored heat. The predicted results from the coupled model were validated with the experimental results, and compared with the predicted results from the previous model without considering the moisture effect. It was found that the prediction accuracies in skin burn and skin temperature through the coupled model were further improved. The coupled model was used to examine the moisture effect on heat transport and storage in porous materials. The results demonstrated that the moisture within porous materials increased the heat storage and discharge, but decreased the heat transport. The increases in initial moisture content and fiber moisture regain, while increasing the Thermal hazardous effect, greatly enhanced the Thermal Protective Performance of clothing. Therefore, it suggested that the moisture management in porous materials was a key consideration for Thermal functional design of fabric.

  • Application of waterproof breathable fabric in Thermal Protective clothing exposed to hot water and steam
    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yun Su, Guowen Song, Rui Li, Jun Li
    Abstract:

    A hot water and steam tester was used to examine Thermal Protective Performance of waterproof and breathable fabric against hot water and steam hazards. Time to cause skin burn and Thermal energy absorbed by skin during exposure and cooling phases was employed to characterize the effect of configuration, placing order and properties of waterproof and breathable fabric on the Thermal Protective Performance. The difference of Thermal Protective Performance due to hot water and steam hazards was discussed. The result showed that the configuration of waterproof and breathable fabric presented a significant effect on the Thermal Protective Performance of single- and double-layer fabric system, while the difference between different configurations in steam hazard was greater than that in hot water hazard. The waterproof and breathable fabric as outer layer provided better protection than that as inner layer. Increasing thickness and moisture regain improved the Thermal Protective Performance of fabric system. Additionally, the Thermal energy absorbed by skin during the cooling phase was affected by configuration, thickness and moisture regain of fabric. The findings will provide technical data to improve Performance of Thermal Protective clothing in hot water and steam hazards.

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