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Randy Frank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Understanding Smart Sensors 2nd edn
    Measurement Science and Technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Randy Frank
    Abstract:

    This book aims to provide a complete and authoritative summary of the latest developments in the area of Smart Sensors. The second edition has been updated to include the emerging IEEE 1451 standards for Smart Sensors. It provides a wide overview for engineers and scientists, working in the field of Sensors and instrumentation, who wish to familiarize themselves with the latest trends. It will also be useful for other non-technical professionals requiring an insight into some of the most recent advances in sensor technology and future products. Before understanding Smart Sensors themselves, we need to understand exactly what a Smart sensor is. Frank quotes the IEEE 1451.2 specification that defines a Smart sensor as one ``that provides functions beyond those necessary for generating a correct representation of a sensed or controlled quantity. This function typically simplifies the integration of the transducer into applications in a networked environment''. The book leads the reader through the fundamental concepts of Smart sensor systems and has a chapter dedicated to micromachining, which gives a broad overview of the main methods used in the production of many modern microSensors. Wide coverage is given to examples of sensor systems utilizing microcontrollers and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for auto-calibration, compensation and linearization techniques that make the sensor `Smart'. There is also an up-to-date review of sensor communication techniques and standards. One area of microsensor technology that is often overlooked is that of sensor packaging and its effect on performance. Frank dedicates a chapter to this subject and describes how some of the potential problems can be avoided. For the non-technical reader there is a good glossary at the back of the book that covers most of the acronyms used within the discipline. The final chapter of the book looks at the next phase of sensing systems and includes some ideas and proposals for the capabilities of the next generation of Sensors. The author also reviews some of the alternative definitions of Smart Sensors. At this point he cites the overuse of the word in American vocabulary: Smart ScrubTM from Dow, Smart SolutionsSM from the United States Postal Service and Smart OnesTM from Weight Watchers. In the UK, of course, `Smart' has a slightly pejorative sense when followed by certain other words; that's why we prefer the phrase `intelligent sensor'. Neil White

  • Understanding Smart Sensors, Second Edition
    2000
    Co-Authors: Randy Frank
    Abstract:

    From the Publisher: Here is a complete, authoritative summary of the latest applications and developments impacting Smart Sensors in a single volume, now updated to reflect IEEE 1451.2 Smart sensor standards. Utilizing the latest in Smart sensor, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microelectronic research and development, you get the technical and practical information you need keep your designs and products on the cutting edge. Plus, you see how advances in fuzzy logic and neural networks continue to determine the direction of Smart sensor development. By combining information on micromachining and microelectronics, this is the first book that links these two important aspects of Smart sensor technology so you don't have to keep multiple references on hand. Also, it informs you of the impact of IEEE 1451.2 standards to help accelerate and expand your ability to deploy Smart sensor technology. Providing an extensive variety of information for both technical and non-technical professionals, this easy-to-understand, time-saving book covers current and emergent technologies, as well as their practical implementation. It includes all-new chapters on the future of Smart sensor applications, and an extensive list of Smart sensor acronyms and a glossary.

  • understanding Smart Sensors
    1995
    Co-Authors: Randy Frank
    Abstract:

    In Understanding Smart Sensors, Randy Frank describes and reflects on some of today's hottest topics within the field of integrated microsystems. Microsystems technology is mentioned more and more often as being a key enabling technology for the future development of the information age. The book reviews the basics of microsystems and their possible integration into larger systems providing processing power and communication links to the Sensors. The focus is set on system architectures and interfaces, their standards and protocols, assigning to them the key role for a possible breakthrough in the application of microtechnology for Sensors. The text is well structured with a good overview supported by solid background knowledge and experience in sensor microtechnology. It is very educational and easy to read. Therefore, the book is well suited as an introduction to the field, for students and others without much background in microtechnology. For an expert it lacks more in-depth treatment of the many topics touched upon and is for the same reason less useful as a reference. Some of the very brief descriptions are imprecise and are wrong in a few cases. Due to the very rapidly developing nature of this field, examples are occasionally already out of date. In summary, Understanding Smart Sensors is a good introduction to the very interseting and promising field of integrated Sensors. Matthias Mullenborn

  • Understanding Smart Sensors, Third Edition
    Understanding Smart Sensors Third Edition, 1
    Co-Authors: Randy Frank
    Abstract:

    Now in its third edition, Understanding Smart Sensors is the most complete, up-to-date, and authoritative summary of the latest applications and developments impacting Smart Sensors in a single volume. This thoroughly expanded and revised edition of an Artech bestseller contains a wealth of new material, including critical coverage of sensor fusion and energy harvesting, the latest details on wireless technology, the role and challenges involved with sensor apps and cloud sensing, greater emphasis on applications throughout the book, and dozens of figures and examples of current technologies from over 50 companies. This edition provides you with knowledge regarding a broad spectrum of possibilities for technology advancements based on current industry, university and national laboratories R & D efforts in Smart Sensors. Updated material also identifies the need for trusted sensing, the efforts of many organizations that impact Smart sensing, and more. Utilizing the latest in Smart sensor, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microelectronic research and development, you get the technical and practical information you need keep your designs and products on the cutting edge. Plus, you see how network (wired and wireless) connectivity continues to impact Smart sensor development. By combining information on micromachining and microelectronics, this is the first book that links these two important aspects of Smart sensor technology so you don't have to keep multiple references on hand. This comprehensive resource also includes an extensive list of Smart sensor acronyms and a glossary of key terms. With an effective blend of historical information and the latest content, the third edition of Understanding Smart Sensors provides a unique combination of foundational and future-changing information.

Gangbing Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a review of rock bolt monitoring using Smart Sensors
    Sensors, 2017
    Co-Authors: Gangbing Song, Weijie Li, Bo Wang, Siu Chun Michael Ho
    Abstract:

    Rock bolts have been widely used as rock reinforcing members in underground coal mine roadways and tunnels. Failures of rock bolts occur as a result of overloading, corrosion, seismic burst and bad grouting, leading to catastrophic economic and personnel losses. Monitoring the health condition of the rock bolts plays an important role in ensuring the safe operation of underground mines. This work presents a brief introduction on the types of rock bolts followed by a comprehensive review of rock bolt monitoring using Smart Sensors. Smart Sensors that are used to assess rock bolt integrity are reviewed to provide a firm perception of the application of Smart Sensors for enhanced performance and reliability of rock bolts. The most widely used Smart Sensors for rock bolt monitoring are the piezoelectric Sensors and the fiber optic Sensors. The methodologies and principles of these Smart Sensors are reviewed from the point of view of rock bolt integrity monitoring. The applications of Smart Sensors in monitoring the critical status of rock bolts, such as the axial force, corrosion occurrence, grout quality and resin delamination, are highlighted. In addition, several prototypes or commercially available Smart rock bolt devices are also introduced.

  • active vibration damping of composite beam using Smart Sensors and actuators
    Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2002
    Co-Authors: Gangbing Song, Pizhong Qiao, Wieslaw K. Binienda
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses active vibration control of an E-glass/epoxy-laminated composite beam using Smart Sensors and actua- tors. The Smart Sensors and actuators used in this study are piezoelectric ceramic patches. The composite beam is in a cantilevered configuration. Both theoretical and numerical ~finite-element analysis! studies of the laminated composite beam are conducted to reveal the beam's fundamental modal frequencies and modal shapes. The results based on the theoretical predication and numerical simulation are then compared with those from experimental modal testing, and a good correlation is obtained. Utilizing results from the model analysis and experimental modal testing, two control algorithms, namely, positive position feedback control and strain rate feedback control, are designed. Both single-mode vibration suppression and multimode vibration suppression are studied. An experimental appa- ratus has been developed to implement the control algorithms. The apparatus consists of a voltage amplifier and a data acquisition and real-time control system, in addition to the composite beam with bonded piezoelectric ceramic Sensors and actuators. Experiments show that the proposed controllers can achieve active vibration damping of the composite beam.

  • Active vibration damping of a composite beam using Smart Sensors and actuators
    19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 2001
    Co-Authors: G B Song, P.Z. Qiao, Wieslaw K. Binienda, Gangbing Song, G. P. Zou
    Abstract:

    This paper presents active vibration control of an E-glass fiber laminated composite beam using Smart Sensors and actuators. The Smart Sensors and actuators used in this study are piezoelectric ceramic patches. The composite beam is in a cantilevered configuration. Finite element modeling (FEM) of the laminated composite beam is conducted to reveal its fundamental modal frequencies and modal shapes. The FEM results are then compared with the ones from experimental modal testing. Utilizing results from FEM and experimental modal testing, several control algorithms, including positive position feedback control and strain rate feedback control, are designed. Both single mode vibration suppression and multi-mode vibration suppression are studied. An experimental apparatus has been developed to implement the control algorithms. The apparatus consists of a voltage amplifier and a data acquisition and real-time control system, in addition to the composite beam with bonded piezoelectric ceramic Sensors and actuators. Experiments show that the proposed controllers can achieved active vibration damping of the composite beam. © 2001 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

Siu Chun Michael Ho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a review of rock bolt monitoring using Smart Sensors
    Sensors, 2017
    Co-Authors: Gangbing Song, Weijie Li, Bo Wang, Siu Chun Michael Ho
    Abstract:

    Rock bolts have been widely used as rock reinforcing members in underground coal mine roadways and tunnels. Failures of rock bolts occur as a result of overloading, corrosion, seismic burst and bad grouting, leading to catastrophic economic and personnel losses. Monitoring the health condition of the rock bolts plays an important role in ensuring the safe operation of underground mines. This work presents a brief introduction on the types of rock bolts followed by a comprehensive review of rock bolt monitoring using Smart Sensors. Smart Sensors that are used to assess rock bolt integrity are reviewed to provide a firm perception of the application of Smart Sensors for enhanced performance and reliability of rock bolts. The most widely used Smart Sensors for rock bolt monitoring are the piezoelectric Sensors and the fiber optic Sensors. The methodologies and principles of these Smart Sensors are reviewed from the point of view of rock bolt integrity monitoring. The applications of Smart Sensors in monitoring the critical status of rock bolts, such as the axial force, corrosion occurrence, grout quality and resin delamination, are highlighted. In addition, several prototypes or commercially available Smart rock bolt devices are also introduced.

Jennifer A. Rice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enabling framework for structural health monitoring using Smart Sensors
    Structural Control & Health Monitoring, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jennifer A. Rice, Billie F.jr. Spencer, Kirill Mechitov, Gul Agha
    Abstract:

    Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an important tool for the ongoing maintenance of aging infrastructure. The ultimate goals of implementing an SHM system are to improve infrastructure maintenance, increase public safety, and minimize the economic impact of an extreme loading event by streamlining repair and retrofit measures. Networks of wireless Smart Sensors offer tremendous promise for accurate and continuous structural monitoring using a dense array of inexpensive Sensors; however, hurdles still remain. Although Smart Sensors have been commercially available for nearly a decade, full-scale implementation for civil infrastructure has been lacking, with the exception of a few short-term demonstration projects. This slow progress is due in part to the fact that programming Smart Sensors is extremely complex, putting the use of these devices for all but the simplest tasks out of the reach of most engineers. This article presents an enabling, open-source framework for SHM using networks of wireless Smart Sensors. The framework is based on a service-oriented architecture that is modular, reusable, and extensible, thus allowing engineers to more readily realize the potential of Smart sensing technology. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework, an example SHM application is provided. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • autonomous decentralized structural health monitoring using Smart Sensors
    Structural Control & Health Monitoring, 2009
    Co-Authors: Tomonori Nagayama, Billie F.jr. Spencer, Jennifer A. Rice
    Abstract:

    Though Smart sensor technology has seen substantial advances during recent years, implementation of Smart Sensors on full-scale structures has been limited. Direct replacement of wired sensing systems with wireless sensor networks is not straightforward as off-the-shelf wireless systems are unlikely to provide the data users expect. The difficulty arises, in part, because centralized systems common for wired measurements are not scalable to large numbers of Smart Sensors. Decentralized computing is required to harvest the rich information that a dense array of Smart Sensors can make available for structural health monitoring (SHM). Decentralized system can be effectively managed by each sensor node and cluster autonomously performing tasks such as sensing and damage detection. Taking advantage of recent developments in middleware services which provide basic functionality for structural vibration measurements (e.g. synchronized sensing and reliable communication) this paper proposes an autonomous decentralized SHM approach using Smart Sensors. A set of algorithms that mesh well with the decentralized approach are first proposed and implemented on Smart Sensors. Finally, experimental validation of the implemented system is given and its damage detection capability is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Decentralized structural health monitoring using Smart Sensors
    Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil Mechanical and Aerospace Systems 2008, 2008
    Co-Authors: Billie F.jr. Spencer, Tomonori Nagayama, Jennifer A. Rice
    Abstract:

    Decentralized computing is required to harvest the rich information that a dense array of Smart Sensors can make available for structural health monitoring (SHM). Though Smart sensor technology has seen substantial advances during recent years, implementation of Smart Sensors on full-scale structures has been limited. Direct replacement of wired sensing systems with wireless sensor networks is not straight-forward as off-the-shelf wireless systems are unlikely to provide the data users expect. Sensor component characteristics limit the quality of data collected due to packet loss during communication, time synchronization errors, and slow communication speeds. This paper describes a scalable, decentralized approach to SHM using Smart Sensors, including the middleware services which address these issues common to Smart sensor applications for structural health monitoring. In addition, the results of experimental validation are given. Finally, ongoing research addressing other factors critical to successful implementation of a full-scale Smart sensor network for SHM are discussed.

  • Structural Health Monitoring Using Smart Sensors
    Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shunlong Li, Billie F.jr. Spencer, Sherif Beskhyroun, Leon D Wegner, Bruce F Sparling, Yan Wei‐ming, Ji Jin‐bao, Dong Bin, Ge Hui‐juan, Songye Zhu, Jennifer A. Rice, Zhi-wei Chen, Tomonori Nagayama, You-lin Xu, Hui Li
    Abstract:

    Industrialized nations have a huge investment in the pervasive civil infrastructure onwhich our lives rely. To properly manage this infrastructure, its condition or serviceabilityshould be reliably assessed. For condition or serviceability assessment, Structural HealthMonitoring (SHM) has been considered to provide information on the current state ofstructures by measuring structural vibration responses and other physical phenomena andconditions. Civil infrastructure is typically large-scale, exhibiting a wide variety ofcomplex behavior; estimation of a structure's state is a challenging task. While SHM hasbeen and still is intensively researched, further efforts are required to provide efficient andeffective management of civil infrastructure.Smart Sensors, with their on-board computational and communication capabilities,offer new opportunities for SHM. Without the need for power or communication cables,installation cost can be brought down drastically. Smart Sensors will help to makemonitoring of structures with a dense array of Sensors economically practical. Denselyinstalled Smart Sensors are expected to be rich information sources for SHM.Efforts toward realization of SHM systems using Smart Sensors, however, have notresulted in full-fledged applications. All efforts to date have encountered difficultiesoriginating from limited resources on Smart Sensors (e.g., small memory size, smallcommunication throughput, limited speed of the CPU, etc.). To realize an SHM systememploying Smart Sensors, this system needs to be designed considering both thecharacteristics of the Smart sensor and the structures to be monitored.This research addresses issues in Smart sensor usages in SHM applications andrealizes, for the first time, a scalable and extensible SHM system using Smart Sensors. Thearchitecture of the proposed SHM is first presented. The Intel Imote2 equipped with anaccelerometer sensor board is chosen as the Smart sensor platform to demonstrate theefficacy of this architecture. Middleware services such as model-based data aggregation,reliable communication, and synchronized sensing are developed. SHM Algorithmsidentified as promising for the usage on Smart sensor systems are extended to improvepracticability and implemented on Imote2s. Careful attention has been paid to integratingthese software components so that the system possesses identified desirable features.The damage detection capability and autonomous operation of the developed systemare then experimentally verified. The SHM system consisting of ten Imote2s are installedon a scale-model truss. The SHM system monitors the truss in a distributed manner tolocalize simulated damage.In summary, this report proposes and realizes a scalable and autonomous SHM systemusing Smart Sensors. The system is experimentally verified to be effective for damagedetection. The autonomous nature of the system is also demonstrated. Successfulcompletion of this research paves the way toward full-fledged SHM systems employing adense array of Smart Sensors. The software developed under this research effort is opensourceand is available at: http://shm.cs.uiuc.edu/.

K. Eshraghian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neu-MOS (/spl nu/MOS) for Smart Sensors and extension to a novel neu-GaAs (/spl nu/GaAs) paradigm
    1998 IEEE International Conference on Electronics Circuits and Systems. Surfing the Waves of Science and Technology (Cat. No.98EX196), 1998
    Co-Authors: D. Abbott, S.f. Al-sarawi, B. Gonzalez, J. Lopez, J. Austin-crowe, K. Eshraghian
    Abstract:

    The neu-MOS (/spl nu/MOS) transistor is a new device that enables the design of conventional digital and analog circuits, in standard CMOS, with a factor of 5-10 decrease in gate count. Furthermore, /spl nu/MOS circuit characteristics are insensitive to transistor parameter variations but instead rely on coupling capacitor ratios. In this paper, we demonstrate this principle with results from fabricated controlled gain amplifiers. This new technology is ideal for Smart Sensors where a high functionality per pixel area and good matching between pixels is required. Moreover, we discuss the advantages of Smart Sensors in GaAs technology and the viability of developing a /spl nu/GaAs paradigm.