The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jennifer O'loughlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physician delivery of Smoking Prevention counseling to young patients in the United Arab Emirates.
Patient education and counseling, 2007Co-Authors: Manal A Awad, Jennifer O'loughlinAbstract:To describe the delivery of Smoking preventive counseling to preadolescent, adolescent, and young adult patients in an Arab population, and to examine counseling behavior according to physician demographic characteristics and perceived barriers to counseling. A cross-sectional mail survey was carried out among general practitioners (GPs) in private practice in the Emirates of Sharjah, Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Of 391 eligible GPs, 218 (56%) completed the questionnaire. Overall 29, 50 and 65% of GPs offered preventive advice to preadolescents (9-12 years), adolescents (13-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years), respectively. Lack of patient educational materials was cited by 71.8% of GPs as a very important barrier to offering Smoking Prevention counseling, followed by lack of community resources (66.5%) and lack of time (62.2%). Older age, male gender, and having knowledge of the stages of change were positively associated with offering preventive advice. Physician self-reports of their Smoking Prevention counseling practices suggest there is opportunity for improvement. More training and support is needed to improve and encourage physician adherence to current Smoking Prevention counseling guidelines. More research is needed to determine the most effective method to improve delivery of preventive care by GPs, and to communicate appropriate preventive or cessation messages.
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Physician delivery of Smoking Prevention counseling to young patients in the United Arab Emirates.
Patient Education and Counseling, 2007Co-Authors: Manal A Awad, Jennifer O'loughlinAbstract:Abstract Objective To describe the delivery of Smoking preventive counseling to preadolescent, adolescent, and young adult patients in an Arab population, and to examine counseling behavior according to physician demographic characteristics and perceived barriers to counseling. Methods A cross-sectional mail survey was carried out among general practitioners (GPs) in private practice in the Emirates of Sharjah, Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Results Of 391 eligible GPs, 218 (56%) completed the questionnaire. Overall 29, 50 and 65% of GPs offered preventive advice to preadolescents (9–12 years), adolescents (13–19 years) and young adults (20–24 years), respectively. Lack of patient educational materials was cited by 71.8% of GPs as a very important barrier to offering Smoking Prevention counseling, followed by lack of community resources (66.5%) and lack of time (62.2%). Older age, male gender, and having knowledge of the stages of change were positively associated with offering preventive advice. Conclusion Physician self-reports of their Smoking Prevention counseling practices suggest there is opportunity for improvement. More training and support is needed to improve and encourage physician adherence to current Smoking Prevention counseling guidelines. Practice implication More research is needed to determine the most effective method to improve delivery of preventive care by GPs, and to communicate appropriate preventive or cessation messages.
Takamaru Ashikaga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Youth Audience Segmentation Strategies for Smoking-Prevention Mass Media Campaigns Based on Message Appeal
Health Education & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Brian S. Flynn, Janice Y. Bunn, Anne L. Dorwaldt, Scott Connolly, John K. Worden, Takamaru AshikagaAbstract:Mass media interventions are among the strategies recommended for youth cigarette Smoking Prevention, but little is known about optimal methods for reaching diverse youth audiences. Grades 4 through 12 samples of youth from four states (n = 1,230) rated Smoking-Prevention messages in classroom settings. Similar proportions of African American, Hispanic, and White youth participated. Impact of audience characteristics on message appeal ratings was assessed to provide guidance for audience segmentation strategies. Age had a strong effect on individual message appeal. The effect of gender also was significant. Message ratings were similar among the younger racial/ethnic groups, but differences were found for older African American youth. Lower academic achievement was associated with lower appeal scores for some messages. Age should be a primary consideration in developing and delivering Smoking-Prevention messages to youth audiences. The unique needs of boys and girls and older African American adolescents ...
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Youth Audience Segmentation Strategies for Smoking-Prevention Mass Media Campaigns Based on Message Appeal
Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 2007Co-Authors: Brian S. Flynn, Janice Y. Bunn, Anne L. Dorwaldt, Scott Connolly, John K. Worden, Takamaru AshikagaAbstract:Mass media interventions are among the strategies recommended for youth cigarette Smoking Prevention, but little is known about optimal methods for reaching diverse youth audiences. Grades 4 through 12 samples of youth from four states (n = 1,230) rated Smoking-Prevention messages in classroom settings. Similar proportions of African American, Hispanic, and White youth participated. Impact of audience characteristics on message appeal ratings was assessed to provide guidance for audience segmentation strategies. Age had a strong effect on individual message appeal. The effect of gender also was significant. Message ratings were similar among the younger racial/ethnic groups, but differences were found for older African American youth. Lower academic achievement was associated with lower appeal scores for some messages. Age should be a primary consideration in developing and delivering Smoking-Prevention messages to youth audiences. The unique needs of boys and girls and older African American adolescents should also be considered.
Hein De Vries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Smoking Prevention for Adolescents in Romanian Schools
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2013Co-Authors: Lucia Maria Lotrean, Cornel Radu Loghin, Monica Popa, Hein De VriesAbstract:This study had two objectives. The first was to assess the frequency and content of school-based anti-Smoking education received by Romanian adolescents aged 14-15. Secondly, the study aimed to evaluate to what extent the implementation of a specific 5 lessons Smoking Prevention program influences the quality of anti-Smoking school education among Romanian adolescents. The investigation was performed in twenty schools from ClujNapoca, Romania, which were randomly assigned to the control and experimental conditions, resulting in 55 participating classes from the seventh grade (28 in the control group and 27 in the experimental group). The experimental group participated in a school-based Smoking Prevention program consisting of 5 lessons. The control group beneficiated only in the standard anti-Smoking education offered by their schools. Six months after the program implementation, students from both experimental and control groups filled in a questionnaire, assessing several issues regarding their exposure to anti-Smoking school education in the last year. The results showed a low exposure to anti-Smoking school education among the Romanian adolescents. The implementation of the specific school-based Smoking Prevention program increased the exposure of Romanian adolescents to a higher number of lessons of Smoking Prevention and influenced positively the quality of these lessons. The study identified several gaps with respect to anti-Smoking education in Romanian schools. It underlines the benefits of the implementation of a school based Smoking Prevention program with a clear structure, which contains appropriate educational messages and it is easy to implement.
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The effects of a three-year Smoking Prevention programme in secondary schools in Helsinki
European journal of public health, 2007Co-Authors: Erkki Vartiainen, Marjaana Pennanen, Ari Haukkala, Froukje Dijk, Riku Lehtovuori, Hein De VriesAbstract:Background: This study evaluates the effects of a 3-year Smoking Prevention programme in secondary schools in Helsinki. The study is part of the European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA), in which Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the UK participated. Methods: A total of 27 secondary schools in Finland participated in the programme (n ¼ 1821). Schools were randomised into experimental (13) and control groups (14). The programme included 14 information lessons about Smoking and refusal skills training. The 3-year Smoking Prevention programme was also integrated into the standard curriculum. The community-element of the programme included parents, parish confirma- tion camps and dentists. The schools in the experimental group received the Prevention programme and the schools in the control group received the standard health education curriculum. Results: Among baseline never smokers (60.8%), the programme had a significant effect on the onset of weekly Smoking in the experimental group (OR ¼ 0.63 (0.45-0.90) P ¼ 0.009) when compared with the control group. Being female, doing poorly at school, having parents and best friends who smoke and more pocket money to spend compared with others were associated with an increased likelihood of daily and weekly Smoking onset. These predictors did not have an interaction effect with the experimental condition. Conclusion: This study shows that a school- and community-based Smoking Prevention programme can prevent Smoking onset among adolescents.
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the european Smoking Prevention framework approach esfa effects after 24 and 30 months
Health Education Research, 2006Co-Authors: Hein De Vries, Aart N. Mudde, Stef P. J. Kremers, Joyce Wetzels, Carles Ariza, Paulo D. Vitória, Anne Fielder, Klavs Holm, Froukje Dijk, Karin JanssenAbstract:The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA) study in six countries tested the effects of a comprehensive Smoking Prevention approach after 24 (T3; N 5 10751) and 30 months (T4; N 5 9282). The programme targeted four levels, i.e. adolescents in schools, school policies, parents and the community. In Portugal, 12.4% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started Smoking at T4 compared to 7.9% of the experimental group. Smoking onset in the experimental group was thus 36% lower. In Finland, 32.4% of the T1 nonsmokers started Smoking compared to 27.6% of the experimental group, implying a 15% lower onsetintheexperimentalgroup.InSpain,33.0% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started Smoking, compared to 29.1% of the experimental group, implying a 12% lower onset. In The Netherlands, the ESFA programme was effective for non-native adolescents with 11.4% new weekly smokers compared to 19.9% in the control group. An opposite effect was found in native Dutch adolescents with 19.0% new weekly smokers in the comparison group compared to 24.0% new smokers in the experimental group. Future programmes should use more standardized ways to assess process evaluations and should assess which elements are responsible for behavioral effects.
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The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA): short‐term effects
Health education research, 2003Co-Authors: Hein De Vries, Aart N. Mudde, Stef P. J. Kremers, Joyce Wetzels, Ellen Uiters, Carles Ariza, Paulo D. Vitória, Anne Fielder, Klavs Holm, Karin JanssenAbstract:The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA) resulted in a Smoking Prevention project for six European countries. It included activities on four levels: adolescents, schools, parents and out-of-school activities. Common goals and objectives were developed, but countries were also able to include additional objectives. National diversities required country-specific methods. The most important common element was a school-based programme consisting of at least five lessons paying attention to social influence processes and training in refusal skills. During the first year, significantly more Smoking Prevention activities were realized in experimental schools compared with control schools. Not all countries had the same number of lessons on resisting peer pressures. Significant cognitive changes were observed in Spain, resulting in more negative attitudes, increased self-efficacy levels and a more negative intention towards Smoking in the experimental group. Counter-productive cognitive effects were observed in the UK. Significantly less onset of weekly Smoking in experimental groups was found in Finland (4.7%) and Spain (3.1%). Counter-productive effects were observed in Denmark and the UK. In conclusion, while having common objectives, the ESFA approach allowed for a great deal of diversity. Fundamental research using dismantling designs is needed to be able to detect the most effective elements of Smoking Prevention programmes for different age groups. Attention to parenting styles and practices is also needed.
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The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (EFSA): an example of integral Prevention
Health education research, 2003Co-Authors: Hein De Vries, Aart N. Mudde, Ingrid Leijs, Anne Charlton, Errki Vartiainen, Goof Buijs, Manuel Pais Clemente, Hans Storm, Andrez González Navarro, Manel NebotAbstract:A Smoking Prevention project in six European countries (European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach) was developed, featuring activities for adolescents, schools and parents, including out-of-school activities. Consensus meetings resulted in agreement between the countries on goals, objectives and theoretical methods. Countries' specific objectives were also included. National diversities required country-specific methods to realize the goals and objectives. The community intervention trial was used as the research design. Since interventions took place at the community level, communities or regions were allocated at random to the experimental or control conditions. Complete randomization was achieved in four countries. At baseline, Smoking prevalence among 23 125 adolescents at the start of the project was 5.6% for regular Smoking and 4.0% for daily Smoking. Smoking prevalence rates were higher among girls than boys in all countries as far as weekly Smoking was concerned. Process evaluations revealed that the project's ambitions were high, but were limited by various constraints including time and delays in receiving funds. Future Smoking Prevention projects should aim to identify the effective components within the social influence approach as well as within broader approaches and on reaching sustained effects.
Brian R. Flay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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School-based Smoking Prevention programs with the promise of long-term effects
Tobacco induced diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Brian R. FlayAbstract:I provide a systematic review of trials of school-based Smoking Prevention programs that had at least 15 sessions, preferably with some in high school, that reported significant short-term effects, and that included long-term follow-up. This is supplemented with a description of some other programs that produce short-term effects that portend large long-term effects. I conclude that school-based programs can have long-term effects of practical importance it they: include 15 or more sessions over multiple years, including some in high school; use the social influence model and interactive delivery methods; include components on norms, commitment not to use, intentions not to use, and training and practice in the use of refusal and other life skills; and use peer leaders in some role. School-based programs of this type can reduce Smoking onset by 25–30%, and school plus community programs can reduce Smoking onset by 35–40% by the end of high school. Some early childhood programs that do not have Smoking Prevention as their main aim, including home nursing, the Good Behavior Game, the Positive Action program and others, seem to change the developmental trajectories of children so that they are less likely to engage in multiple problem behaviors, including Smoking, as adolescents. This review makes it clear that effective school-based Smoking Prevention programs exist and can be adopted, adapted and deployed with success – and should be.
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The promise of long-term effectiveness of school-based Smoking Prevention programs: a critical review of reviews.
Tobacco induced diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Brian R. FlayAbstract:I provide a review and critique of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of school-based Smoking Prevention programs that focus on long-term effects. Several of these reviews conclude that the effects of school-based Smoking Prevention programs are small and find no evidence that they have significant long-term effects. I find that these reviews all have methodological problems limiting their conclusions. These include severe limiting of the studies included because of performance bias, student attrition, non-reporting of ICCs, inappropriate classification of intervention approach, and inclusion of programs that had no short-term effects. The more-inclusive meta-analyses suggest that school-based Smoking Prevention programs can have significant and practical effects in both the short- and the long-term. Findings suggest that school-based Smoking Prevention programs can have significant long-term effects if they: 1) are interactive social influences or social skills programs; that 2) involve 15 or more sessions, including some up to at least ninth grade; that 3) produce substantial short-term effects. The effects do decay over time if the interventions are stopped or withdrawn, but this is true of any kind of intervention.
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effect of televised tobacco company funded Smoking Prevention advertising on youth Smoking related beliefs intentions and behavior
American Journal of Public Health, 2006Co-Authors: Melanie Wakefield, Brian R. Flay, Yvonne M Terrymcelrath, Sherry Emery, Henry Saffer, Frank J Chaloupka, Glen Szczypka, Patrick M Omalley, Lloyd D JohnstonAbstract:Objective. To relate exposure to televised youth Smoking Prevention advertising to youths’ Smoking beliefs, intentions, and behaviors.Methods. We obtained commercial television ratings data from 75 US media markets to determine the average youth exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted and parent-targeted Smoking Prevention advertising. We merged these data with nationally representative school-based survey data (n = 103 172) gathered from 1999 to 2002. Multivariate regression models controlled for individual, geographic, and tobacco policy factors, and other televised antitobacco advertising.Results. There was little relation between exposure to tobacco company–sponsored, youth-targeted advertising and youth Smoking outcomes. Among youths in grades 10 and 12, during the 4 months leading up to survey administration, each additional viewing of a tobacco company parent-targeted advertisement was, on average, associated with lower perceived harm of Smoking (odds ratio [OR]=0.93; confidence interval [CI]=0....
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Factors Affecting Attrition in a Longitudinal Smoking Prevention Study
Preventive medicine, 1996Co-Authors: Ohidul Siddiqui, Brian R. FlayAbstract:Abstract Background.In longitudinal Smoking Prevention studies, a difficulty in evaluating treatment effects is understanding whether bias is associated with those who do not complete the study. This study presents the significant predictors of attrition and suggests how to reduce attrition bias in evaluating program effects.Methods.Survival analysis methods were used to assess factors associated with attrition at different time points of the study.Results.Results of the analysis indicate that those who drop out tend to be of lower academic achievement, have lower tobacco and health knowledge, and have lower social influence/resistance skills knowledge, and are more likely to be smokers and to be marijuana users. Blacks are more likely to drop out than the other ethnic groups. Gender is not a significant predictor for dropout. The dropout rates among the treatment conditions are significantly different.Conclusions.The findings of this study demonstrate that attritions in longitudinal Smoking Prevention studies are not at random. By considering the characteristics of dropouts, one can reduce attrition bias using available procedures and can take appropriate strategies for reducing dropout rates in future Smoking Prevention studies.
Manal A Awad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physician delivery of Smoking Prevention counseling to young patients in the United Arab Emirates.
Patient education and counseling, 2007Co-Authors: Manal A Awad, Jennifer O'loughlinAbstract:To describe the delivery of Smoking preventive counseling to preadolescent, adolescent, and young adult patients in an Arab population, and to examine counseling behavior according to physician demographic characteristics and perceived barriers to counseling. A cross-sectional mail survey was carried out among general practitioners (GPs) in private practice in the Emirates of Sharjah, Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Of 391 eligible GPs, 218 (56%) completed the questionnaire. Overall 29, 50 and 65% of GPs offered preventive advice to preadolescents (9-12 years), adolescents (13-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years), respectively. Lack of patient educational materials was cited by 71.8% of GPs as a very important barrier to offering Smoking Prevention counseling, followed by lack of community resources (66.5%) and lack of time (62.2%). Older age, male gender, and having knowledge of the stages of change were positively associated with offering preventive advice. Physician self-reports of their Smoking Prevention counseling practices suggest there is opportunity for improvement. More training and support is needed to improve and encourage physician adherence to current Smoking Prevention counseling guidelines. More research is needed to determine the most effective method to improve delivery of preventive care by GPs, and to communicate appropriate preventive or cessation messages.
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Physician delivery of Smoking Prevention counseling to young patients in the United Arab Emirates.
Patient Education and Counseling, 2007Co-Authors: Manal A Awad, Jennifer O'loughlinAbstract:Abstract Objective To describe the delivery of Smoking preventive counseling to preadolescent, adolescent, and young adult patients in an Arab population, and to examine counseling behavior according to physician demographic characteristics and perceived barriers to counseling. Methods A cross-sectional mail survey was carried out among general practitioners (GPs) in private practice in the Emirates of Sharjah, Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Results Of 391 eligible GPs, 218 (56%) completed the questionnaire. Overall 29, 50 and 65% of GPs offered preventive advice to preadolescents (9–12 years), adolescents (13–19 years) and young adults (20–24 years), respectively. Lack of patient educational materials was cited by 71.8% of GPs as a very important barrier to offering Smoking Prevention counseling, followed by lack of community resources (66.5%) and lack of time (62.2%). Older age, male gender, and having knowledge of the stages of change were positively associated with offering preventive advice. Conclusion Physician self-reports of their Smoking Prevention counseling practices suggest there is opportunity for improvement. More training and support is needed to improve and encourage physician adherence to current Smoking Prevention counseling guidelines. Practice implication More research is needed to determine the most effective method to improve delivery of preventive care by GPs, and to communicate appropriate preventive or cessation messages.
