The Experts below are selected from a list of 270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Roger Ruan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of renewable jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of Soapstock over corn cob-derived activated carbons
Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Dengle Duan, Yunpu Wang, Hanwu Lei, Yayun Zhang, Qin Wang, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract Selective production of jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons from waste Soapstock was achieved for the first time by catalytic pyrolysis over activated carbon catalyst that was prepared via pyrolysis of H3PO4-impregnated corn cob pyrolysis. Experimental results exhibited that the concentration of H3PO4 played an important role in acid groups and porous properties of prepared activated carbon catalyst. The obtained catalyst had a remarkable catalytic performance for C8–C16 aromatics formation with the highest selectivity of 89.97% in the bio-oil. In the meantime, the selectivities of jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons could reach up to 98.78% and 91.03%, respectively. The bio-gas yield was improved with the increase in H3PO4 concentration, pyrolysis temperature and feedstock/activated carbon catalyst ratio, and the highest concentration of H2 (69.90 vol%) was achieved. The optimal reaction condition was at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C with a Soapstock/ACC4 ratio of 1:1.5. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed for catalytic pyrolysis of Soapstock over activated carbon catalyst. The current work might provide a novel, facile and efficient pathway to directly convert waste Soapstock into valuable drop-in jet fuel and gasoline together with production of H2-rich syngas.
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Characteristics of the catalytic fast pyrolysis of vegetable oil Soapstock for hydrocarbon-rich fuel
Energy Conversion and Management, 2020Co-Authors: Wang Yunpu, Yuhuan Liu, Leilei Dai, Yujie Peng, Qi Yang, Nan Zhou, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract Hydrocarbon-rich fuel from vegetable oil Soapstock is potentially a good alternative to conventional fossil-derived fuels. This paper reported on pyrolysis experiments with compounds including vegetable oil Soapstock, sodium stearate(C18), sodium palmitate(C16), sodium oleate(C18:1), and sodium linoleate(C18:2). The effects of pyrolysis temperature, HZSM-5 catalyst, unsaturation degree and carbon chain length on the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons were explored. Experimental results indicated that the relative content of oxygenated compounds significantly decreased in the condensable organic compounds of Soapstock pyrolysis, and aromatic hydrocarbons increased when the HZSM-5 catalyst was used, in which toluene and xylene had the highest relative selectivity. High catalytic pyrolysis temperature was beneficial to the relative selectivity of benzene and toluene, but inhibited the relative selectivity of xylene and ethylbenzene. The increase in saturation of fatty acid salts promoted the reaction toward the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which were a kind of typical precursor of catalyst coking deactivation and carcinogenic pollutants.
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microwave assisted catalytic upgrading of co pyrolysis vapor using hzsm 5 and mcm 41 for bio oil production co feeding of Soapstock and straw in a downdraft reactor
Bioresource Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Qiuhao Wu, Roger Ruan, Lin Jiang, Yunpu Wang, Yujie Peng, Qi Yang, Linyao Ke, Sha YangAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of low hydrogen-to-carbon and high hydrogen-to-carbon effective ratio materials with the aid of HZSM-5 and MCM-41 is a promising technique to improve the bio-oil quality. The low content of hydrocarbons and short life cycle of catalyst limit the application of pyrolysis technology in biomass energy conversion. The effects of catalytic temperature, and HZSM-5-to-MCM-41, feedstock-to-catalyst, and straw-to-Soapstock ratios on the yield and composition of bio-oil were studied in this work. The quality of bio-oil during biomass pyrolysis can be improved by adjusting the operating conditions. The optimal catalytic temperature, and ratios of HZSM-5-to-MCM-41, feedstock-to-catalyst, and straw-to-Soapstock were 400 °C, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, respectively. The addition of MCM-41 was beneficial in prolonging the life of HZSM-5 since the macromolecular compounds cracked when MCM-41 was added which restrain the generation of coke. The co-pyrolysis of Soapstock with straw advanced the deoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds especially phenol from straw during pyrolysis.
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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of vegetable oil Soapstock: Comparative study of rapeseed, sunflower, corn, soybean, rice, and peanut oil Soapstock
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: Wang Yunpu, Zhang Shumei, Wu Qiuhao, Dengle Duan, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan, Leilei Dai, Lin JiangAbstract:In this study, the effects of catalytic temperature and the type of Soapstock on products from microwave-assisted pyrolysis were investigated. HZSM-5 was used as the catalyst to study the pyrolysis of six different Soapstocks at 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C catalytic temperature. Results showed that the bio-oil yields initially increased and then decreased with the increase in catalytic temperature. When the catalytic temperature was 300°C, the bio-oil reached up to the maximum value (65.8 wt.%). Findings indicated that the composition of bio-oil was related to the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids sodium in the Soapstocks. In the case of saturated fatty acid sodium, a series of alkanes was formed, whereas the pyrolysis of monounsaturated fatty acid sodium resulted mainly in cycloalkanes, the cycloalkenes obtained from bio-oil was produced by polyunsaturated fatty acid sodium. Keywords: microwave pyrolysis vegetable oil Soapstock, HZSM-5, bio-oil DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191206.4599 Citation: Wang Y P, Zhang S M, Wu Q H, Duan D L, Liu Y H, Ruan R, et al. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of vegetable oil Soapstock: Comparative study of rapeseed, sunflower, corn, soybean, rice, and peanut oil Soapstock. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(6): 202–208.
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Renewable jet-fuel range hydrocarbons production from co-pyrolysis of lignin and Soapstock with the activated carbon catalyst.
Waste Management, 2019Co-Authors: Dengle Duan, Hanwu Lei, Yayun Zhang, Elmar Villota, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract The current study aims to investigate the effects of agricultural waste-derived activated carbon catalyst on the jet-fuel range hydrocarbons distribution from raw biomass pyrolysis under the hydrogen donor condition provided by a solid waste. Ex-situ catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of lignin with and without Soapstock was carried out using the corn stover-derived activated carbon catalyst in a facile fixed bed reactor. Results showed that the Soapstock, as the hydrogen donor, exhibited a positive synergistic effect with lignin on enhancing the production of valuable aromatics in the obtained bio-oil. Additionally, biomass-derived activated carbon catalyst has the robust catalytic ability to convert pyrolysis vapors into high-density jet fuel-ranged aromatic hydrocarbons rather than phenols with the assistance of Soapstock solid waste. Results indicated that the proportions of jet-fuel range aromatics increased monotonically with elevating pyrolytic temperatures from 400 to 550 °C, and the optimal lignin/Soapstock ratio was 1:2 with regarding the yield of attained bio-oils. The maximum proportion of jet-fuel ranged aromatics (87.8%) and H2 concentration (76.4 vol%) could be achieved with the pyrolytic temperature, lignin/Soapstock ratio, and catalyst/feedstock ratio of 550 °C, 2:1, and 1:1, respectively. The current study may provide a novel route of converting solid wastes into value-added jet fuels and hydrogen-enriched fuel gases, which will advance the utilization of renewable biomass.
Yunpu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of renewable jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of Soapstock over corn cob-derived activated carbons
Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Dengle Duan, Yunpu Wang, Hanwu Lei, Yayun Zhang, Qin Wang, Roger RuanAbstract:Abstract Selective production of jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons from waste Soapstock was achieved for the first time by catalytic pyrolysis over activated carbon catalyst that was prepared via pyrolysis of H3PO4-impregnated corn cob pyrolysis. Experimental results exhibited that the concentration of H3PO4 played an important role in acid groups and porous properties of prepared activated carbon catalyst. The obtained catalyst had a remarkable catalytic performance for C8–C16 aromatics formation with the highest selectivity of 89.97% in the bio-oil. In the meantime, the selectivities of jet fuel and gasoline range hydrocarbons could reach up to 98.78% and 91.03%, respectively. The bio-gas yield was improved with the increase in H3PO4 concentration, pyrolysis temperature and feedstock/activated carbon catalyst ratio, and the highest concentration of H2 (69.90 vol%) was achieved. The optimal reaction condition was at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C with a Soapstock/ACC4 ratio of 1:1.5. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed for catalytic pyrolysis of Soapstock over activated carbon catalyst. The current work might provide a novel, facile and efficient pathway to directly convert waste Soapstock into valuable drop-in jet fuel and gasoline together with production of H2-rich syngas.
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microwave assisted catalytic upgrading of co pyrolysis vapor using hzsm 5 and mcm 41 for bio oil production co feeding of Soapstock and straw in a downdraft reactor
Bioresource Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Qiuhao Wu, Roger Ruan, Lin Jiang, Yunpu Wang, Yujie Peng, Qi Yang, Linyao Ke, Sha YangAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of low hydrogen-to-carbon and high hydrogen-to-carbon effective ratio materials with the aid of HZSM-5 and MCM-41 is a promising technique to improve the bio-oil quality. The low content of hydrocarbons and short life cycle of catalyst limit the application of pyrolysis technology in biomass energy conversion. The effects of catalytic temperature, and HZSM-5-to-MCM-41, feedstock-to-catalyst, and straw-to-Soapstock ratios on the yield and composition of bio-oil were studied in this work. The quality of bio-oil during biomass pyrolysis can be improved by adjusting the operating conditions. The optimal catalytic temperature, and ratios of HZSM-5-to-MCM-41, feedstock-to-catalyst, and straw-to-Soapstock were 400 °C, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, respectively. The addition of MCM-41 was beneficial in prolonging the life of HZSM-5 since the macromolecular compounds cracked when MCM-41 was added which restrain the generation of coke. The co-pyrolysis of Soapstock with straw advanced the deoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds especially phenol from straw during pyrolysis.
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catalytic co pyrolysis of alternanthera philoxeroides and peanut Soapstock via a new continuous fast microwave pyrolysis system
Waste Management, 2019Co-Authors: Lin Jiang, Yunpu Wang, Xiaojie Tian, Zihong Zeng, Shumei Zhang, Qiuhao Wu, Xiuhua Yang, Bo Zhang, Zhenting YuAbstract:Abstract Continuous fast microwave catalytic co-pyrolysis of Alternanthera philoxeroides and peanut Soapstock was studied using HZSM-5 as catalyst. The effects of catalyst temperature, feedstock-to-catalyst ratio, and A. philoxeroides-to-peanut Soapstock ratio on the yield and composition of bio-oil were studied. Experimental results showed that the optimum catalyst temperature was 400 °C. The catalyst increased the proportion of aromatics but reduced the bio-oil yield. The optimum feedstock-to-catalyst ratio was 2:1. A. philoxeroides presented a significant synergistic effect with peanut Soapstock, which facilitated the production of aromatics in the bio-oil. The optimum A. philoxeroides-to-peanut Soapstock ratio was 1:2.
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Microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis of soybean straw and Soapstock for bio-oil production using SiC ceramic foam catalyst
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2018Co-Authors: Yunpu Wang, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan, Leilei Dai, Lin Jiang, Yue Zhou, Liangliang Fan, Dengle DuanAbstract:Abstract Microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis of soybean straw and Soapstock was investigated by using silicon carbide ceramic foam as catalyst. The study determined the effects of catalytic temperature, feed-to-catalyst ratio, and soybean straw-to-Soapstock ratio on product yield and chemical composition. Experimental results indicated high yield and ratio of hydrocarbon in bio-oil were observed at a catalytic temperature of 350 °C. The use of a catalyst enhanced the hydrocarbon proportion at the expense of decreased in bio-oil yield. A significant synergistic effect was observed during co-pyrolysis of soybean straw and Soapstock, and this effect facilitated hydrocarbon production from bio-oil.
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Co-pyrolysis of wet torrefied bamboo sawdust and Soapstock
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2018Co-Authors: Yunpu Wang, Wu Qiuhao, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan, Leilei Dai, Zeng Zihong, Lin JiangAbstract:Abstract In the present study, effect of wet torrefaction on biomass properties and co-pyrolysis of wet torrefied biomass and Soapstock were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the ash and volatile contents decreased after wet torrefaction. Obvious decrease of hydrogen and oxygen and an increase of carbon were observed at the same time, which resulted in the augment of higher heating value (HHV). Although lower mass yield was observed under a higher temperature, corresponding energy yield was relatively higher. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that wet torrefaction (below 240 °C) can improve the crystallinity degree of bamboo sawdust. Fourier transfer infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis showed that wet torrefaction can significantly remove the acetyl groups in hemicellulose. In thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, the thermal properties of wet torrefied samples and Soapstock were altered by co-pyrolysis. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) analysis showed that co-pyrolysis can produce less oxygen-containing compounds and more hydrocarbons after wet torrefaction. Kinetic analysis showed that the addition of Soapstock can obtain a lower activation energy compared with biomass pyrolysis individually. The activation energy for co-pyrolysis of pretreated biomass and Soapstock was lower than co-pyrolysis of raw biomass and Soapstock, suggesting that wet torrefaction has a positive influence on the co-pyrolysis. The results indicated that the combination of wet torrefaction and co-pyrolysis was a feasible technology for obtaining high-grade oil from biomass.
Michael J Haas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstocks: vegetable oil Soapstock
Fuel Processing Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Michael J HaasAbstract:Semirefined and refined vegetable oils are the predominant feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. However, their relatively high costs render the resulting fuels unable to compete with petroleum-derived fuel. We have investigated the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; biodiesel) from Soapstock (SS), a byproduct of edible oil refining that is substantially less expensive than edible-grade refined oils. Multiple approaches were taken in search of a route to the production of fatty acid methyl esters from soybean Soapstock. The most effective method involved the complete saponification of the Soapstock followed by acidulation using methods similar to those presently employed in industry. This resulted in an acid oil with a free fatty acid (FFA) content greater than 90%. These fatty acids were efficiently converted to methyl esters by acid-catalyzed esterification. The fatty acid composition of the resulting ester product reflected that of soy Soapstock and was largely similar to that of soybean oil. Following a simple washing protocol, this preparation met the established specifications for biodiesel of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Engine emissions and performance during operation on soy Soapstock biodiesel were comparable to those on biodiesel from soy oil. An economic analysis suggested that the production cost of Soapstock biodiesel would be approximately US$ 0.41/l, a 25% reduction relative to the estimated cost of biodiesel produced from soy oil.
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production of fame from acid oil a by product of vegetable oil refining
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2003Co-Authors: Michael J Haas, Paul J Michalski, Stan Runyon, Alberto Nuñez, Karen M ScottAbstract:Simple alkyl FA esters have numerous uses, including serving as biodiesel, a fuel for compression ignition (diesel) engines. The use of acid-catalyzed esterification for the synthesis of FAME from acid oil, a by-product of edible vegetable oil refining that is produced from Soapstock, was investigated. Soybean acid oil contained 59.3 wt% FFA, 28.0 wt% TAG, 4.4 wt% DAG, and less than 1% MAG. Maximum esterification occurred at 65°C and 26 h reaction at a molar ratio of total FA/methanol/sulfuric acid of 1∶15∶1.5. Residual unreacted species under these conditions, as a fraction of their content in unesterified acid oil, were FFA, 6.6%; TAG, 5.8%; and DAG, 2.6%. This corresponds to estimated concentrations of FFA, 3.2%; TAG, 1.3%; and DAG, 0.2%, on a mass basis, in the ester product. In an alternative approach, the acylglycerol species in Soapstock were saponified prior to acidulation. High-acid (HA) acid oil made from this saponified Soapstock had an FFA content of 96.2 wt% and no detectable TAG, DAG, or MAG. Optimal esterification conditions for HA acid oil at 65°C were a mole ratio of FFA/methanol/acid of 1∶1.8∶0.17, and 14 h incubation. FAME recovery under these conditions was 89% of theoretical, and the residual unesterified FFA content was approximately 20 mg/g. This was reduced to 3.5 mg/g, below the maximum FFA level allowed for biodiesel, by washing with NaCl, NaHCO3, and Ca(OH)2 solutions. Alternatively, by subjecting the unwashed ester layer to a second esterification, the FFA level was reduced to less than 2 mg/g. The acid value of this material exceeded the maximum allowed for biodiesel, but was reduced to an acceptable value by a brief wash with 0.5 N NaOH.
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engine performance of biodiesel fuel prepared from soybean Soapstock a high quality renewable fuel produced from a waste feedstock
Energy & Fuels, 2001Co-Authors: Michael J Haas, Karen M Scott, Teresa L Alleman, Robert L MccormickAbstract:A previously developed bench-scale method for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) from soybean Soapstock (Haas, M. J.; Bloomer, S.; Scott, K. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2000, 77, 373−379) was taken to the small pilot scale, producing approximately 2.5 L of material per run. By multiple successive reactions, 25 L of product was accumulated. The fatty acid composition of the ester product (wt %) was palmitic: 16.2, stearic: 4.7, oleic: 16.2, linoleic: 54.4, and linolenic: 6.9. This mirrors the fatty acid composition of soy Soapstock and is quite similar to that of commercial biodiesel produced from refined soybean oil. The ester product met the provisional biodiesel specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials with regard to all variables examined: flash point, water and sediment, carbon residue, sulfated ash, density, kinematic viscosity, sulfur, cetane number, cloud point, copper corrosion, acid number, free glycerin, and total glycerin, and had density and iodine n...
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Simple, high-efficiency synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Soapstock
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2000Co-Authors: Michael J Haas, Scott Bloomer, Karen ScottAbstract:We report a simple method that efficiently esterifies the fatty acids in Soapstock, an inexpensive, lipid-rich by-product of edible oil production. The process involves (i) alkaline hydrolysis of all lipid-linked fatty acid ester bonds and (ii) acid-catalyzed esterification of the resulting fatty acid sodium salts. Step (i) completely saponified all glycerides and phosphoglycerides in the Soapstock. Following water removal, the resulting free fatty acid sodium salts were rapidly and quantitatively converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by incubation with methanol and sulfuric acid at 35°C and ambient pressure. Minimum molar reactant ratios for full esterification were fatty acids/methanol/sulfuric acid of 1∶30∶5. The esterification reaction was substantially complete within 10 min and was not inhibited by residual water contents up to ca. 10% in the saponified Soapstock. The product FAME contained >99% fatty acid esters, 0% triglycerides,
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simple high efficiency synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Soapstock
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2000Co-Authors: Michael J Haas, Scott Bloomer, Karen A ScottAbstract:We report a simple method that efficiently esterifies the fatty acids in Soapstock, an inexpensive, lipid-rich by-product of edible oil production. The process involves (i) alkaline hydrolysis of all lipid-linked fatty acid ester bonds and (ii) acid-catalyzed esterification of the resulting fatty acid sodium salts. Step (i) completely saponified all glycerides and phosphoglycerides in the Soapstock. Following water removal, the resulting free fatty acid sodium salts were rapidly and quantitatively converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by incubation with methanol and sulfuric acid at 35°C and ambient pressure. Minimum molar reactant ratios for full esterification were fatty acids/methanol/sulfuric acid of 1∶30∶5. The esterification reaction was substantially complete within 10 min and was not inhibited by residual water contents up to ca. 10% in the saponified Soapstock. The product FAME contained >99% fatty acid esters, 0% triglycerides, <0.05% diglycerides, <0.1% monoglycerides, and <0.8% free fatty acids. Free fatty acid levels were further reduced by washing with dilute sodium hydroxide. Free and total glycerol were <0.01 and <0.015%, respectively. The water content was <0.04%. These values meet the current specifications for biodiesel, a renewable substitute for petroleum-derived diesel fuel. The identities and proportions of fatty acid esters in the FAME reflected the fatty acid content of soybean lipids. Solids formed during the reaction contained 69.1% ash and 0.8% protein. Their sodium content indicated that sodium sulfate was the prime inorganic component. Carbohydrate was the predominant organic constituent of the solid.
Kadir Aydin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using of cotton oil Soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel
Renewable Energy, 2008Co-Authors: Ali Keskin, Duran Altiparmak, Metin Gürü, Kadir AydinAbstract:In this study, usability of cotton oil Soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines were studied. Biodiesel was produced by reacting cotton oil Soapstock with methyl alcohol at determined optimum condition. The cotton oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine performances and smoke value were measured at full load condition. Torque and power output of the engine with cotton oil Soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends decreased by 5.8% and 6.2%, respectively. Specific fuel consumption of engine with cotton oil Soapstock–diesel fuel blends increased up to 10.5%. At maximum torque speeds, smoke level of engine with blend fuels decreased up to 46.6%, depending on the amount of biodiesel. These results were compared with diesel fuel values.
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using of cotton oil Soapstock biodiesel diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel
Renewable Energy, 2008Co-Authors: Ali Keskin, Duran Altiparmak, Metin Gürü, Kadir AydinAbstract:In this study, usability of cotton oil Soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines were studied. Biodiesel was produced by reacting cotton oil Soapstock with methyl alcohol at determined optimum condition. The cotton oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine performances and smoke value were measured at full load condition. Torque and power output of the engine with cotton oil Soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends decreased by 5.8% and 6.2%, respectively. Specific fuel consumption of engine with cotton oil Soapstock–diesel fuel blends increased up to 10.5%. At maximum torque speeds, smoke level of engine with blend fuels decreased up to 46.6%, depending on the amount of biodiesel. These results were compared with diesel fuel values.
M Topcu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combustion of biodiesel fuel produced from hazelnut Soapstock waste sunflower oil mixture in a diesel engine
Energy Conversion and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Nazim Usta, Erkan Ozturk, Erdinc Sahin Conkur, M TopcuAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel is considered as an alternative fuel to Diesel fuel No. 2, which can be generally produced from different kinds of vegetable oils. Since the prices of edible vegetable oils are higher than that of Diesel fuel No. 2, waste vegetable oils and non-edible crude vegetable oils are preferred as potential low priced biodiesel sources. In addition, it is possible to use Soapstock, a by-product of edible oil production, for cheap biodiesel production. In this study, a methyl ester biodiesel was produced from a hazelnut Soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture using methanol, sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide in a two stage process. The effects of the methyl ester addition to Diesel No. 2 on the performance and emissions of a four cycle, four cylinder, turbocharged indirect injection (IDI) Diesel engine were examined at both full and partial loads. Experimental results showed that the hazelnut Soapstock/waste sunflower oil methyl ester can be partially substituted for the Diesel fuel at most operating conditions in terms of the performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification and preheating of the blends.
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COMBUSTION OF BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCED FROM HAZELNUT Soapstock/WASTE SUNFLOWER OIL MIXTURE IN A DIESEL ENGINE
Energy Conversion and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Nazim Usta, Erkan Ozturk, Erdinc Sahin Conkur, Özer Can, S. Nas, A.h. Çon, A.Ç. Can, M TopcuAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel is considered as an alternative fuel to Diesel fuel No. 2, which can be generally produced from different kinds of vegetable oils. Since the prices of edible vegetable oils are higher than that of Diesel fuel No. 2, waste vegetable oils and non-edible crude vegetable oils are preferred as potential low priced biodiesel sources. In addition, it is possible to use Soapstock, a by-product of edible oil production, for cheap biodiesel production. In this study, a methyl ester biodiesel was produced from a hazelnut Soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture using methanol, sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide in a two stage process. The effects of the methyl ester addition to Diesel No. 2 on the performance and emissions of a four cycle, four cylinder, turbocharged indirect injection (IDI) Diesel engine were examined at both full and partial loads. Experimental results showed that the hazelnut Soapstock/waste sunflower oil methyl ester can be partially substituted for the Diesel fuel at most operating conditions in terms of the performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification and preheating of the blends.