The Experts below are selected from a list of 183 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Laura Lee Downs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • each and every one of you must become a chef toward a Social Politics of working class childhood on the extreme right in 1930s france
    The Journal of Modern History, 2009
    Co-Authors: Laura Lee Downs
    Abstract:

    In January of 1938 a young girl from Lille, Camille Rogie, wrote an earnest letter to Antoinette de Preval, director of the Croix de feu/Parti Social francais’s working-class leisure association, Travail et loisirs, in hopes of securing the job of monitrice in one of the association’s many colonies de vacances.1 Camille harbored vague hopes of someday having a career in Social services, perhaps working with children, but as she sadly acknowledged in her letter, she had left school before acquiring the brevet superieur “in order to acquire the rudiments of housework and dressmaking. I truly regret not having continued after my [brevet elementaire] for this diploma doesn’t really lead anywhere and I would have loved to do a degree in Social work. But you have to have the brevet superieur.”2 For the time being, she was taking courses with the Red Cross at the military hospital, but at age seventeen she was too young

Karla B Hackstaff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Roni Strier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Making Men into Fathers: Men, Masculinities and the Social Politics of Fatherhood
    Fathering, 2003
    Co-Authors: Roni Strier
    Abstract:

    Making Men into Fathers: Men, Masculinities and the Social Politics of Fatherhood edited by Barbara Hobson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 338 pp.This book is a compilation of studies analyzing different and evolving political agendas regarding men and fathers in western countries. These studies, written from a Social policy perspective and a multi-disciplinary angle, illuminate the commonalities and divergences in the ways in which men and fathers are represented by the local Politics of gender. The book emphasizes the importance of the historical and Social contexts in understanding contemporary discourses of fatherhood.Seven different national case studies typify the area of fatherhood as affected by complex and interconnected Social, political, and economic processes. According to its structural approach, the book stresses the inevitability of tackling the role of the state, and the policies associated with it, in gender discussions. The studies enlighten the ways in which father-related policies become one of the main arenas used by states in constructing and regulating unequal relationships between men and women in society. We learn from the book how some states target fathers as indispensable childcare providers, while others view fathers merely as "cash" suppliers. The book highlights how states become the object of claims by fathers' rights movements while others are challenged with demands regarding fathers' obligations. The point of departure of the book is that the "fatherhood crisis," widely discussed in western countries, has to be explained through the analyses of competing and conflicting Social policies and discourses. Interestingly, the book describes an increasing plurality of "fatherhoods" according to a growing diversity in the ways men are included in families. Readers interested in men, fatherhood, gender, and family studies will find in this book an informative exposure to the Social Politics of these subjects.The cross-national comparative studies include Hungary, the United States, Sweden, Britain, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain. The themes presented in the book respond to the different policy agendas around fatherhood in these countries (co-residential parental roles, the relation between policies and shifts in sexual division of labor, fathers' movements, compulsory policies, marriage, welfare reform, etc.). Additionally, the book discusses the differential impact of discourses (moralcoercive or structural) on policies (punitive or supportive) regarding paternal involvement. The methodologies used by the different authors are varied and include a comparative analysis based in large-scale statistical data as well as small-scale surveys of attitudes based in depth interviews.This work, the third edited by Hobson in the last three years on the same area, is the outcome of a collaborative alliance between scholars from different countries and disciplines to address issues of men and fatherhood. …

Di Bella Paolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • MODELLING & SIMULATION HYBRID WARFARE Researches, Models and Tools for Hybrid Warfare and Population Simulation
    'Wiley', 2020
    Co-Authors: Di Bella Paolo
    Abstract:

    The Hybrid Warfare phenomena, which is the subject of the current research, has been framed by the work of Professor Agostino Bruzzone (University of Genoa) and Professor Erdal Cayirci (University of Stavanger), that in June 2016 created in order to inquiry the subject a dedicated Exploratory Team, which was endorsed by NATO Modelling & Simulation Group (a panel of the NATO Science & Technology organization) and established with the participation as well of the author. The author brought his personal contribution within the ET43 by introducing meaningful insights coming from the lecture of “Fight by the minutes: Time and the Art of War (1994)”, written by Lieutenant Colonel US Army (Rtd.) Robert Leonhard; in such work, Leonhard extensively developed the concept that “Time”, rather than geometry of the battlefield and/or firepower, is the critical factor to tackle in military operations and by extension in Hybrid Warfare. The critical reflection about the time - both in its quantitative and qualitative dimension - in a hybrid confrontation it is addressed and studied inside SIMCJOH, a software built around challenges that imposes literally to “Fight by the minutes”, echoing the core concept expressed in the eponymous work. Hybrid Warfare – which, by definition and purpose, aims to keep the military commitment of both aggressor and defender at the lowest - can gain enormous profit by employing a wide variety of non-military tools, turning them into a weapon, as in the case of the phenomena of “weaponization of mass migrations”, as it is examined in the “Dies Irae” simulation architecture. Currently, since migration it is a very sensitive and divisive issue among the public opinions of many European countries, cynically leveraging on a humanitarian emergency caused by an exogenous, inducted migration, could result in a high level of political and Social destabilization, which indeed favours the concurrent actions carried on by other hybrid tools. Other kind of disruption however, are already available in the arsenal of Hybrid Warfare, such cyber threats, information campaigns lead by troll factories for the diffusion of fake/altered news, etc. From this perspective the author examines how the TREX (Threat network simulation for REactive eXperience) simulator is able to offer insights about a hybrid scenario characterized by an intense level of Social disruption, brought by cyber-attacks and systemic faking of news. Furthermore, the rising discipline of “Strategic Engineering”, as envisaged by Professor Agostino Bruzzone, when matched with the operational requirements to fulfil in order to counter Hybrid Threats, it brings another innovative, as much as powerful tool, into the professional luggage of the military and the civilian employed in Defence and Homeland security sectors. Hybrid is not the New War. What is new is brought by globalization paired with the transition to the information age and rising geopolitical tensions, which have put new emphasis on hybrid hostilities that manifest themselves in a contemporary way. Hybrid Warfare is a deliberate choice of an aggressor. While militarily weak nations can resort to it in order to re-balance the odds, instead military strong nations appreciate its inherent effectiveness coupled with the denial of direct responsibility, thus circumventing the rules of the International Community (IC). In order to be successful, Hybrid Warfare should consist of a highly coordinated, sapient mix of diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces (even criminal elements), cyber disruption etc. all in order to achieve effects across the entire DIMEFIL/PMESII_PT spectrum. However, the owner of the strategy, i.e. the aggressor, by keeping the threshold of impunity as high as possible and decreasing the willingness of the defender, can maintain his Hybrid Warfare at a diplomatically feasible level; so the model of the capacity, willingness and threshold, as proposed by Cayirci, Bruzzone and Gunneriusson (2016), remains critical to comprehend Hybrid Warfare. Its dynamicity is able to capture the evanescent, blurring line between Hybrid Warfare and Conventional Warfare. In such contest time is the critical factor: this because it is hard to foreseen for the aggressor how long he can keep up with such strategy without risking either the retaliation from the International Community or the depletion of resources across its own DIMEFIL/PMESII_PT spectrum. Similar discourse affects the defender: if he isn’t able to cope with Hybrid Threats (i.e. taking no action), time works against him; if he is, he can start to develop counter narrative and address physical countermeasures. However, this can lead, in the medium long period, to an unforeseen (both for the attacker and the defender) escalation into a large, conventional, armed conflict. The performance of operations that required more than kinetic effects drove the development of DIMEFIL/PMESII_PT models and in turn this drive the development of Human Social Culture Behavior Modelling (HCSB), which should stand at the core of the Hybrid Warfare modelling and simulation efforts. Multi Layers models are fundamental to evaluate Strategies and Support Decisions: currently there are favourable conditions to implement models of Hybrid Warfare, such as Dies Irae, SIMCJOH and TREX, in order to further develop tools and war-games for studying new tactics, execute collective training and to support decisions making and analysis planning. The proposed approach is based on the idea to create a mosaic made by HLA interoperable simulators able to be combined as tiles to cover an extensive part of the Hybrid Warfare, giving the users an interactive and intuitive environment based on the “Modelling interoperable Simulation and Serious Game” (MS2G) approach. From this point of view, the impressive capabilities achieved by IA-CGF in human behavior modeling to support population simulation as well as their native HLA structure, suggests to adopt them as core engine in this application field. However, it necessary to highlight that, when modelling DIMEFIL/PMESII_PT domains, the researcher has to be aware of the bias introduced by the fact that especially Political and Social “science” are accompanied and built around value judgement. From this perspective, the models proposed by Cayirci, Bruzzone, Guinnarson (2016) and by Balaban & Mileniczek (2018) are indeed a courageous tentative to import, into the domain of particularly poorly understood phenomena (Social, Politics, and to a lesser degree economics - Hartley, 2016), the mathematical and statistical instruments and the methodologies employed by the pure, hard sciences. Nevertheless, just using the instruments and the methodology of the hard sciences it is not enough to obtain the objectivity, and is such aspect the representations of Hybrid Warfare mechanics could meet their limit: this is posed by the fact that they use, as input for the equations that represents Hybrid Warfare, not physical data observed during a scientific experiment, but rather observation of the reality that assumes implicitly and explicitly a value judgment, which could lead to a biased output. Such value judgement it is subjective, and not objective like the mathematical and physical sciences; when this is not well understood and managed by the academic and the researcher, it can introduce distortions - which are unacceptable for the purpose of the Science - which could be used as well to enforce a narrative mainstream that contains a so called “truth”, which lies inside the boundary of Politics rather than Science. Those observations around subjectivity of Social sciences vs objectivity of pure sciences, being nothing new, suggest however the need to examine the problem under a new perspective, less philosophical and more leaned toward the practical application. The suggestion that the author want make here is that the Verification and Validation process, in particular the methodology used by Professor Bruzzone in doing V&V for SIMCJOH (2016) and the one described in the Modelling & Simulation User Risk Methodology (MURM) developed by Pandolfini, Youngblood et all (2018), could be applied to evaluate if there is a bias and the extent of the it, or at least making clear the value judgment adopted in developing the DIMEFIL/PMESII_PT models. Such V&V research is however outside the scope of the present work, even though it is an offspring of it, and for such reason the author would like to make further inquiries on this particular subject in the future. Then, the theoretical discourse around Hybrid Warfare has been completed addressing the need to establish a new discipline, Strategic Engineering, very much necessary because of the current a political and economic environment which allocates diminishing resources to Defense and Homeland Security (at least in Europe). However, Strategic Engineering can successfully address its challenges when coupled with the understanding and the management of the fourth dimension of military and hybrid operations, Time. For the reasons above, and as elaborated by Leonhard and extensively discussed in the present work, addressing the concern posed by Time dimension is necessary for the success of any military or Hybrid confrontation. The SIMCJOH project, examined under the above perspective, proved that the simulator has the ability to address the fourth dimension of military and non-military confrontation. In operations, Time is the most critical factor during execution, and this was successfully transferred inside the simulator; as such, SIMCJOH can be viewed as a training tool and as well a dynamic generator of events for the MEL/MIL execution during any exercise. In conclusion, SIMCJOH Project successfully faces new challenging aspects, allowed to study and develop new simulation models in order to support decision makers, Commanders and their Staff. Finally, the question posed by Leonhard in terms of recognition of the importance of time management of military operations - nowadays Hybrid Conflict - has not been answered yet; however, the author believes that Modelling and Simulation tools and techniques can represent the safe “tank” where innovative and advanced scientific solutions can be tested, exploiting the advantage of doing it in a synthetic environment

Roger Burrows - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • New Spaces of (Dis)engagement? Social Politics, Urban Technologies and the Rezoning of the City
    Housing Studies, 2007
    Co-Authors: Nick Ellison, Roger Burrows
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses the changing nature of urban space and urban technologies, using various conceptions of engagement in Social Politics to illuminate contemporary understandings of cultural change and Social exclusion and the role of housing within this. The progressive reorganisation of urban space, which is at least partly a result of global economic changes, is producing complex forms of Social Politics organised around newly emerging varieties and scales of engagement and disengagement. These are cross-cut by a number of cultural themes that play out differently in different spaces. Thus ‘fear’ is universally significant, but perceived ‘differentially’ according to space, culture and socio-economic status. ‘Excitement’ is also an important theme, though more for some groups than others. The capacity to use resources—material, cultural, technological—and particularly the reflexive utilisation of these resources, also affects the nature of Social Politics and the specific nature of proactive and defe...

  • Sorting places out ? towards a Social Politics of neighbourhood informatization.
    Information Communication & Society, 2004
    Co-Authors: Roger Burrows, Nick Ellison
    Abstract:

    This paper examines some of the possible consequences of the introduction of online Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the Social Politics of neighbourhoods and the public sphere more generally. Summarizing a number of recent theorizations of neighbourhood informatization, the article provides examples of online GIS in the UK and considers some of the possible implications of the use of such technologies for contemporary debates about citizenship in the context of processes of ‘splintering urbanism’. Arguing that Social citizenship is best understood in terms of varying forms of ‘proactive’ or ‘defensive’ engagement, the paper explores the relationship between virtual decision making about neighbourhood choice and the impact of aggregated virtual decisions ‘on the ground’, before going on to consider how differentiated forms of engagement are producing new forms of Social exclusion in changing urban spaces.