The Experts below are selected from a list of 3057 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Daniel Lavelle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a twenty first century Socialist Agriculture land reform food sovereignty and peasant state dynamics in venezuela
    International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 2014
    Co-Authors: Daniel Lavelle
    Abstract:

    This article examines state-peasantry dynamics in Venezuela in regards to the formation, implementation and contestation of land reform and agricultural policy. As a self-proclaimed Socialist state, the Chavez Government has framed its agrarian policies as a reordering of the food system that prioritizes land redistri- bution, smallholder Agriculture, and sustainable forms of production. Yet, despite an apparently positive policy context, rural dynamics have been characterized by conflict over land and a geographically and temporally uneven process of policy implementation in rural areas. This article examines how peasants have engaged with Venezuela's land re- form processes and their role in shaping the character and scope of state policy. In particular, it investigates the dynamics of technically illegal peasant occupation of estates in a seemingly 'pro-peasant' policy context. Peasant-state dynamics are analysed through the lens of food sovereignty, where land reform processes and struggles represent contestation over conceptions of what constitutes 'appropri- ate' production in a 'Socialist' agricultural regime.

Joshua Muldavin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • environmental degradation in heilongjiang policy reform and agrarian dynamics in china s new hybrid economy
    Annals of The Association of American Geographers, 1997
    Co-Authors: Joshua Muldavin
    Abstract:

    This paper analyzes environmental degradation in rural China as structurally embedded in China's rapid economic growth in the post-Mao era. The theoretical discussion focuses on changes in the organization of production, resource use, and regional development. A critical assessment of the Chinese hybrid economy challenges standard views of the reforms. The overall environmental problems of state Socialist Agriculture in China have been aggravated following the agrarian reforms of the current regime. Rather than mitigating negative trends, marketization and privatization have brought new, qualitatively different, environmental problems. Resource decline and its attendant social problems are not limited to aspects of transitional economy but are a fundamental part of the new hybrid system. I offer an alternative explanation for interpreting increases in rural productivity as an appropriation and use of collective assets, suggesting that the mining of communal capital is hidden behind the economic growth of ...

Turaj Faran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the industrialization process in the chinese mirror continuity and change in transition from collective Agriculture to market economy in china
    Lund Studies in Economic History; 57 (2011), 2011
    Co-Authors: Turaj Faran
    Abstract:

    Abstract in Undetermined The dominant explanation for China's unprecendented rates of economic growth in the last three decades has regarded them as the consequence of the reform policies that, after Mao, the Chinese leaders embarked upon in 1978. The present study, in contrast, argues for continuity between the Socialist period and the post-refrom era in China's economic course. Chinse socialism, it is argued, should best be understood as a strategy of industrialization which, in absence of a modern agricultural sector, had t proceed with more stringent institutional arrangements. the particular features of China's Socialist Agriculture, namely the rural Communes, were crucial for making up for the missing contributions of the agriculatutal sector in the process of industrialization. The Communes, by merging agricultural activity with rural industry, eventually managed to produce the modern agricultural inputs crucial for the increase of productivity in Agriculture. Once the technological breakthrough was there, the collectivist institutions of rural China served no purpose in the inductrializatiion process. The transition to market and private Agriculture became feasible in the new context of a modern, productive Agriculture. The model elaborated here for China's transition has relevance for the study of the industrialization process in other Third World countries which show less stringent forms of deviation from market than the Socialist strategy of industrialization in China. (Less)

Dominique Van De Walle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • land in transition reform and poverty in rural vietnam
    2008
    Co-Authors: Martin Ravallion, Dominique Van De Walle
    Abstract:

    The policy reforms called for in the transition from a Socialist command economy to a developing market economy bring both opportunities and risks to a country's citizens. In poor economies, the initial focus of reform efforts is naturally the rural sector, which is where one finds the bulk of the population and almost all the poor. Economic development will typically entail moving many rural households out of farming into more remunerative (urban and rural) non-farm activities. Reforms that shift the rural economy from the relatively rigid, control-based farming institutions found under Socialist Agriculture to a more flexible, market-based model in which production incentives are strong can thus play an important role in the process of economic growth. However, such reforms present a major challenge to policy makers, who are concerned that they will generate socially unacceptable inequalities in land and other dimensions relevant to people's living standards. This book studies how the changes in land institutions and land allocation required for Vietnam's agrarian transition affected people's living standards-notably that of the country's rural poor. Living standards means household command over commodities, as measured by consumption

Martin Ravallion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • land in transition reform and poverty in rural vietnam
    2008
    Co-Authors: Martin Ravallion, Dominique Van De Walle
    Abstract:

    The policy reforms called for in the transition from a Socialist command economy to a developing market economy bring both opportunities and risks to a country's citizens. In poor economies, the initial focus of reform efforts is naturally the rural sector, which is where one finds the bulk of the population and almost all the poor. Economic development will typically entail moving many rural households out of farming into more remunerative (urban and rural) non-farm activities. Reforms that shift the rural economy from the relatively rigid, control-based farming institutions found under Socialist Agriculture to a more flexible, market-based model in which production incentives are strong can thus play an important role in the process of economic growth. However, such reforms present a major challenge to policy makers, who are concerned that they will generate socially unacceptable inequalities in land and other dimensions relevant to people's living standards. This book studies how the changes in land institutions and land allocation required for Vietnam's agrarian transition affected people's living standards-notably that of the country's rural poor. Living standards means household command over commodities, as measured by consumption