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Henk Aarts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hans Marien, Ruud Custers, Henk AartsAbstract:Human habits are considered to be an important root of Societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in Societal Context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in Societal Context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in Societal Context.
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studying human habits in Societal Context examining support for a basic stimulus response mechanism
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hans Marien, Ruud Custers, Henk AartsAbstract:Human habits are considered to be an important root of Societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportat...
Hans Marien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hans Marien, Ruud Custers, Henk AartsAbstract:Human habits are considered to be an important root of Societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in Societal Context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in Societal Context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in Societal Context.
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studying human habits in Societal Context examining support for a basic stimulus response mechanism
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hans Marien, Ruud Custers, Henk AartsAbstract:Human habits are considered to be an important root of Societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportat...
Klaus Boehnke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parent-Offspring Value Transmission in a Societal Context Suggestions for a Utopian Research Design— with Empirical Underpinnings
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:This article attempts to put intrafamilial value transmission into a Societal Context. It points out that psychological value transmission discourse and sociological/political science discourse about value change are utterly disconnected up to now. Using data from a small value transmission study of 98 university student- parent triads from East Germany as illustration material, the article tries to show why a unified research approach is necessary. All conservation values were more important for the parents’ generation than the off- spring, whereas the reverse was found for hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction values. Intergenerational value stability was found for self-transcendence versus self-enhancement values. Value change and value transmission are interrelated but not strictly parallel processes. Gender effects seem to be stronger than transmission effects. Finally, this article suggests a somewhat utopian research design that may permit a complete disentanglement of Societal value change eff...
Pravin J. Patel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Full-Time Trade Union Leaders & the Societal Context: The Bosses & Deputies
The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 2016Co-Authors: Pravin J. PatelAbstract:Introduction In the post-liberal India the triumph of capital over labor, as indicated by the introduction of several anti-labor practices, has weakened the once powerful trade union movement and worsened the socio-economic conditions of working class (Sheth, 1993; Sodhi, 2014). According to the World Labor Report 1997-98 of the ILO the trade union membership in India as a percentage of non-agricultural labor slumped from 6.6 percent in 1985 to 5.5 percent in 1995, and union membership as a percentage of formal sector workers dropped from 26.5 percent to 22.8 percent (Bhattacharjee, 1999: 31,2001:259). Albeit, Indian trade union movement was never revolutionary, however, it was acquiring some momentum before the liberalization, as the number of strikes more than doubled between 1961 and 1974 at all-India level (Ahn, 2010:39). Indeed, in the post-liberal era also there have been a number of nation-wide strikes, demonstrations, and struggles protesting against neo-liberal policies of the government. But most of them were in the public sector units and were unsuccessful (Shyam Sundar, 2010: 589-95; 2015). Moreover, the industrial disputes since mid-1990's largely involved individual, isolated, and independent plant-level unions and on the whole the unions' bargaining power has declined after liberalization (Chakrabarty & Dhar, 2008:73). Why the Indian trade union movement, which was so powerful before the economic reforms (Ramaswamy, 1988; Sodhi, 2013: 175; Titlebaum, 2009), succumbed to the forces of liberalization, privatization, and globalization without posing a serious challenge? Mostly, this post-liberal docility of the Indian trade unions is attributed to the introduction of new labor practices such as recruitment-freeze, outsourcing, increasing use of contract workers, freedom to hire and fire, liberty to close industrial undertakings, soft labor inspection system, permissiveness to introduce labor saving technologies, repeal of legal provisions regarding bonus, 'voluntary retirement schemes' (VRS), and privatization of nonviable public enterprises. This paper examines the conundrum by focusing on the role of full-time trade union leaders, also known as 'outsiders', in the pre-liberal era. Full-time Trade Union Leaders Leadership is important in the trade union movement across the world. However, the distinguishing feature of the Indian trade union movement has been the two broad types of leaders, namely, 'outsiders' and 'insiders'. Those who initiated and developed the movement in India were not regular factory workers or employees. Instead, they were social workers or politicians who became full-time trade union leaders and were financially supported by their unions. Such leaders are generally known as 'outsiders', and are usually associated with one or the other national federation of the trade unions, functioning under the umbrella of a political party. The dominance of these politically oriented outsiders over the trade union movement in India has been a much discussed issue (Karnik, 1978; Ramaswamy, 1973; 1974; 1977; Rothemund, 1981). Many critical observers maintain that the outside leaders were responsible for the politicization of the movement, multiple unions, inter-union rivalry, and other such debilitating consequences (Shyam Sundar, 2008: 168-69). Such critics, however, generally underplay the fact that despite all its limitations, the Indian trade union movement before liberalization was very much vibrant, aggressive, and politically quite influential (Ramaswamy, 1988; Titlebaum, 2009). Moreover, they also ignore the constricting role of the sociopolitical milieu on the trade union leadership evident at a micro-level, which is the actual arena of industrial relations. This paper, therefore, examines the role of fulltime trade union leaders at the grass roots level, with reference to Baroda (now Vadodara), an industrial city of Gujarat, and highlights the curbing impact of the pre-liberal socio-political Context on their leadership role. …
Ruud Custers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hans Marien, Ruud Custers, Henk AartsAbstract:Human habits are considered to be an important root of Societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in Societal Context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in Societal Context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in Societal Context.
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studying human habits in Societal Context examining support for a basic stimulus response mechanism
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hans Marien, Ruud Custers, Henk AartsAbstract:Human habits are considered to be an important root of Societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportat...
