The Experts below are selected from a list of 339 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vlasáková Dana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Domestic violence as a cycle and process in empirical research
2016Co-Authors: Vlasáková DanaAbstract:(in English): Dissertation deals with the problematics of domestic violence from the perspective of empirical research. First, it discusses the definition of domestic violence with all its types and forms. Then it introduces possible typology of domestic violence conducted based on the frequency, cruelty, purpose and consequences of violent incidents and it identifies the most serious type of domestic violence known as intimate terrorism. It is characterized by cyclically repeating phases of partner's violent attacks and gradation of frequency and intensity of these attacks. Violent behavior is in this case guided by the motivation to dominate, control and intimidate the other partner. Next, it brings overview of risk factors and main sociological theories trying to explain the initiation and progress of domestic violence, starting from the Social Learning Theory, through the Social Situational/Stress and Coping Theory, Resource Theory, Exchange Theory, Sociobiological Theory, all the way to the Feminist Theories applied in subsequent interpretation of the results of the data analysis. Before the data analysis itself the dissertation describes the sources of the data and it introduces main moments of the research of domestic violence both in the world and in our country. Then it identifies a group..
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Domestic violence as a cycle and process in empirical research
Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta, 2016Co-Authors: Vlasáková DanaAbstract:(česky) Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou domácího násilí z pohledu empirického výzkumu. Nejprve se věnuje definičnímu vymezení pojmu domácí násilí se všemi jeho druhy a formami. Poté představuje možnou typologii domácího násilí provedenou na základě frekvence, krutosti, účelu a následků násilných incidentů a identifikuje nejzávažnější typ domácího násilí označovaný jako intimní terorismus. Ten je charakteristický cyklicky se opakujícími etapami násilných ataků partnera a stupňováním frekvence a intenzity těchto útoků. Násilné chování je v tomto případě vedeno motivací ovládat, kontrolovat a zastrašit partnera. Dále přináší přehled rizikových faktorů a klíčových sociologických teorií pokoušejících se vysvětlit vznik a rozvoj domácího násilí, počínaje teorií sociálního učení, přes teorii situační, teorii zdrojů, teorii sociální směny, sociobiologickou teorii, až po feministické teorie, jež jsou uplatněny při následné interpretaci výsledků analýzy dat. Před samotnou analýzou dat diplomová práce popisuje zdroje dat a představuje hlavní momenty výzkumu domácího násilí jak ve světě, tak i u nás. Potom identifikuje skupinu žen zažívající intimní terorismus ze strany svého partnera. Nakonec provádí analýzu korelátů vzniku intimního terorismu v partnerském vztahu a následně pak hlubší analýzu...(in English): Dissertation deals with the problematics of domestic violence from the perspective of empirical research. First, it discusses the definition of domestic violence with all its types and forms. Then it introduces possible typology of domestic violence conducted based on the frequency, cruelty, purpose and consequences of violent incidents and it identifies the most serious type of domestic violence known as intimate terrorism. It is characterized by cyclically repeating phases of partner's violent attacks and gradation of frequency and intensity of these attacks. Violent behavior is in this case guided by the motivation to dominate, control and intimidate the other partner. Next, it brings overview of risk factors and main sociological theories trying to explain the initiation and progress of domestic violence, starting from the Social Learning Theory, through the Social Situational/Stress and Coping Theory, Resource Theory, Exchange Theory, Sociobiological Theory, all the way to the Feminist Theories applied in subsequent interpretation of the results of the data analysis. Before the data analysis itself the dissertation describes the sources of the data and it introduces main moments of the research of domestic violence both in the world and in our country. Then it identifies a group...Department of SociologyKatedra sociologieFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art
Peter M Kappeler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gregarious sexual segregation the unusual social organization of the malagasy narrow striped mongoose mungotictis decemlineata
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016Co-Authors: Tilman C Schneider, Peter M KappelerAbstract:Sex-specific costs and benefits of sociality are rarely evaluated, even though the main fitness determinants differ between the sexes. The Carnivora include some of the few mammalian species in which the sexes differ in social organization, providing an opportunity to study male and female sociality separately. Anecdotal reports indicated that Malagasy narrow-striped mongooses (Mungotictis decemlineata) appear to have unusual and flexible association patterns. We therefore conducted a 3-year field study in Western Madagascar to delineate the social organization of this forest-dwelling species and to obtain insights into sex-specific determinants of sociality. We conducted systematic radio tracking on 40 adult individuals (20 males, 20 females) and collected additional data during regular censuses and behavioral observations. We found males and females to live in small, same-sex social units. Males formed stable associations of up to four adult individuals, except for the short annual mating season, when they roamed by themselves. Male home ranges exhibited high mutual overlap and encompassed those of up to four female social unit ranges. Female social units were on average composed of two adult females, one juvenile, and one infant offspring of the dominant female and occupied exclusive territories. Female units were stable year-round and their size was unrelated to home range size, but home range sizes were significantly larger during the dry season. Our analyses indicate that both male and female associations are likely stabilized by antipredator benefits, with females accruing additional benefits from joint resource defense. Males trade off the safety in associations for temporary reproductive opportunities. Thus, antipredator benefits appear to favor group living in both sexes, but sex-specific reproductive fitness limiting factors affect the stability of such units differently. This study presents new detailed results on the sex-specific social organization of a previously unstudied endemic Malagasy carnivore, the narrow-striped mongoose. We relate our findings to important hypotheses of Sociobiological Theory. In particular, we evaluate the results in comparison to the closest related taxonomic group, the mongooses (Herpestidae), in which long-term studies have contributed substantially to the recent development of theories. Thus, this study on a representative of a largely unknown group of carnivores can contribute to revealing evolutionary transitions in carnivore sociality as well as insights into the mechanisms driving mammalian social evolution in general.
Koenraad Danneels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nature s offensive the Sociobiological Theory and practice of louis van der swaelmen
Journal of Landscape Architecture, 2019Co-Authors: Koenraad DanneelsAbstract:AbstractDuring and after the First World War, Belgian landscape architect and planner Louis Van der Swaelmen attempted to develop a ‘Sociobiological’ Theory and practice of landscape architecture, ...
Danneels Koenraad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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‘Nature’s offensive’: The Sociobiological Theory and practice of Louis Van der Swaelmen
'Informa UK Limited', 2019Co-Authors: Danneels KoenraadAbstract:During and after the First World War, Belgian landscape architect and planner Louis Van der Swaelmen attempted to develop a ‘Sociobiological’ Theory and practice of landscape architecture, urbanism and urbanization. Both in his writings and designs he combined biological approaches with sociopolitical concerns. In this article, I will focus on the ambitions and ambiguities of this approach. First, a history of ideas will show how the Sociobiological Theory of Van der Swaelmen was the outcome of an intermingling of the science of ethology and landscape Theory. This trajectory culminated in the book Préliminaires d’art civique, in which he created a Theory of urbanism based on the idea of urbanization as a process following biological laws, and an urban design approach based on geographical and geobotanical knowledge. The second part of the article will trace the translation of these ideas into the design (process) of the garden suburbs Le Logis and Floréal and will further question the use of a biological approach in urbanism, offering a critical reflection on today’s (lack of) sociopolitical questions in ecological urbanism.status: publishe
Tilman C Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gregarious sexual segregation the unusual social organization of the malagasy narrow striped mongoose mungotictis decemlineata
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016Co-Authors: Tilman C Schneider, Peter M KappelerAbstract:Sex-specific costs and benefits of sociality are rarely evaluated, even though the main fitness determinants differ between the sexes. The Carnivora include some of the few mammalian species in which the sexes differ in social organization, providing an opportunity to study male and female sociality separately. Anecdotal reports indicated that Malagasy narrow-striped mongooses (Mungotictis decemlineata) appear to have unusual and flexible association patterns. We therefore conducted a 3-year field study in Western Madagascar to delineate the social organization of this forest-dwelling species and to obtain insights into sex-specific determinants of sociality. We conducted systematic radio tracking on 40 adult individuals (20 males, 20 females) and collected additional data during regular censuses and behavioral observations. We found males and females to live in small, same-sex social units. Males formed stable associations of up to four adult individuals, except for the short annual mating season, when they roamed by themselves. Male home ranges exhibited high mutual overlap and encompassed those of up to four female social unit ranges. Female social units were on average composed of two adult females, one juvenile, and one infant offspring of the dominant female and occupied exclusive territories. Female units were stable year-round and their size was unrelated to home range size, but home range sizes were significantly larger during the dry season. Our analyses indicate that both male and female associations are likely stabilized by antipredator benefits, with females accruing additional benefits from joint resource defense. Males trade off the safety in associations for temporary reproductive opportunities. Thus, antipredator benefits appear to favor group living in both sexes, but sex-specific reproductive fitness limiting factors affect the stability of such units differently. This study presents new detailed results on the sex-specific social organization of a previously unstudied endemic Malagasy carnivore, the narrow-striped mongoose. We relate our findings to important hypotheses of Sociobiological Theory. In particular, we evaluate the results in comparison to the closest related taxonomic group, the mongooses (Herpestidae), in which long-term studies have contributed substantially to the recent development of theories. Thus, this study on a representative of a largely unknown group of carnivores can contribute to revealing evolutionary transitions in carnivore sociality as well as insights into the mechanisms driving mammalian social evolution in general.