The Experts below are selected from a list of 15 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Kaytee Khaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • self rated health does not explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality a prospective study in the epic norfolk cohort
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Ann Louise Kinmonth, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: Self-rated health (SRH), a subjective measure of health, is strongly predictive of mortality, independently of objective measures of health status and existing known disease. There is also a strong social gradient in SRH. We ask whether SRH can explain the well-known Socioeconomic gradient in mortality. Methods: We examine the effect of adjusting for SRH on the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality in a prospective study of 20,754 men and women aged 39–79 years, without prevalent disease, living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993-1997 and followed up for an average of 10 years. Results: Mortality risk increased with decreasing social class in men and women. There was some attenuation after adjustment for covariates age, BMI, smoking, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, alcohol consumption, physical activity and educational level, but a gradient remained. Further adjustment for SRH attenuated the association slightly more, but there was still some evidence of a Socioeconomic Differential in mortality, particularly in class V compared to class I (age and sex adjusted hazard ratio=1.57 (95%CI 1.19, 2.06). Conclusions: SRH does not substantially explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality beyond that explained by health related covariates.

  • occupational social class educational level smoking and body mass index and cause specific mortality in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the independent associations between occupational and educational based measures of Socioeconomic status (SES) and cause-specific mortality, and the extent to which potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and body mass index (BMI) explain such relationships. Design, setting and participants Prospective population study of 22,486 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality using death certification to 2006. Main results In men a strong inverse relationship was found between social class and all cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, with relative risk of social class V compared to I of 2.21 for all cause mortality (95% CI 1.54–3.17, P < 0.001). This was attenuated but not abolished after adjusting for modifiable risk factors, smoking and BMI, with relative risk of social class V compared to I for all cause mortality of 1.92 (95% CI 1.34–2.77, P < 0.001). A similar, but smaller effect was seen in women. Educational status was not associated with mortality independently of social class. Conclusions Social class and education are not necessarily interchangeable measures of SES. Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality can be explained by potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and BMI. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association of each Socioeconomic indicator with specific health outcomes is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

  • occupational social class risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the association between occupational social class and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the extent to which classical and lifestyle risk factors explain such relationships, and if any differences persist after 65 years of age. Design, Setting and Participants Prospective population study of 22,478 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality to 2006. Main results In both men and women an inverse relationship was observed between social class and CVD incidence, with a relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.90 in men (95% CI 1.47 to 2.47, P < 0.001) and 1.90 in women (95% CI 1.45 to 2.49, P < 0.001). Adjusting for classical and lifestyle risk factors (age, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, history of diabetes, physical activity, weekly alcohol intake and plasma vitamin C levels) had little effect in men; the relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.22, P < 0.001), while there was some attenuation seen in women, relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.56 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.05, P = 0.011). The association persisted in men and women aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in CVD incidence can be explained by potentially modifiable classical and lifestyle risk factors. Low social class remains a risk factor for CVD after age 65 years. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

Emily Mcfadden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • self rated health does not explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality a prospective study in the epic norfolk cohort
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Ann Louise Kinmonth, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: Self-rated health (SRH), a subjective measure of health, is strongly predictive of mortality, independently of objective measures of health status and existing known disease. There is also a strong social gradient in SRH. We ask whether SRH can explain the well-known Socioeconomic gradient in mortality. Methods: We examine the effect of adjusting for SRH on the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality in a prospective study of 20,754 men and women aged 39–79 years, without prevalent disease, living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993-1997 and followed up for an average of 10 years. Results: Mortality risk increased with decreasing social class in men and women. There was some attenuation after adjustment for covariates age, BMI, smoking, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, alcohol consumption, physical activity and educational level, but a gradient remained. Further adjustment for SRH attenuated the association slightly more, but there was still some evidence of a Socioeconomic Differential in mortality, particularly in class V compared to class I (age and sex adjusted hazard ratio=1.57 (95%CI 1.19, 2.06). Conclusions: SRH does not substantially explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality beyond that explained by health related covariates.

  • occupational social class educational level smoking and body mass index and cause specific mortality in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the independent associations between occupational and educational based measures of Socioeconomic status (SES) and cause-specific mortality, and the extent to which potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and body mass index (BMI) explain such relationships. Design, setting and participants Prospective population study of 22,486 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality using death certification to 2006. Main results In men a strong inverse relationship was found between social class and all cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, with relative risk of social class V compared to I of 2.21 for all cause mortality (95% CI 1.54–3.17, P < 0.001). This was attenuated but not abolished after adjusting for modifiable risk factors, smoking and BMI, with relative risk of social class V compared to I for all cause mortality of 1.92 (95% CI 1.34–2.77, P < 0.001). A similar, but smaller effect was seen in women. Educational status was not associated with mortality independently of social class. Conclusions Social class and education are not necessarily interchangeable measures of SES. Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality can be explained by potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and BMI. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association of each Socioeconomic indicator with specific health outcomes is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

  • occupational social class risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the association between occupational social class and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the extent to which classical and lifestyle risk factors explain such relationships, and if any differences persist after 65 years of age. Design, Setting and Participants Prospective population study of 22,478 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality to 2006. Main results In both men and women an inverse relationship was observed between social class and CVD incidence, with a relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.90 in men (95% CI 1.47 to 2.47, P < 0.001) and 1.90 in women (95% CI 1.45 to 2.49, P < 0.001). Adjusting for classical and lifestyle risk factors (age, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, history of diabetes, physical activity, weekly alcohol intake and plasma vitamin C levels) had little effect in men; the relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.22, P < 0.001), while there was some attenuation seen in women, relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.56 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.05, P = 0.011). The association persisted in men and women aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in CVD incidence can be explained by potentially modifiable classical and lifestyle risk factors. Low social class remains a risk factor for CVD after age 65 years. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

Robert Luben - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • self rated health does not explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality a prospective study in the epic norfolk cohort
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Ann Louise Kinmonth, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: Self-rated health (SRH), a subjective measure of health, is strongly predictive of mortality, independently of objective measures of health status and existing known disease. There is also a strong social gradient in SRH. We ask whether SRH can explain the well-known Socioeconomic gradient in mortality. Methods: We examine the effect of adjusting for SRH on the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality in a prospective study of 20,754 men and women aged 39–79 years, without prevalent disease, living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993-1997 and followed up for an average of 10 years. Results: Mortality risk increased with decreasing social class in men and women. There was some attenuation after adjustment for covariates age, BMI, smoking, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, alcohol consumption, physical activity and educational level, but a gradient remained. Further adjustment for SRH attenuated the association slightly more, but there was still some evidence of a Socioeconomic Differential in mortality, particularly in class V compared to class I (age and sex adjusted hazard ratio=1.57 (95%CI 1.19, 2.06). Conclusions: SRH does not substantially explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality beyond that explained by health related covariates.

  • occupational social class educational level smoking and body mass index and cause specific mortality in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the independent associations between occupational and educational based measures of Socioeconomic status (SES) and cause-specific mortality, and the extent to which potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and body mass index (BMI) explain such relationships. Design, setting and participants Prospective population study of 22,486 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality using death certification to 2006. Main results In men a strong inverse relationship was found between social class and all cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, with relative risk of social class V compared to I of 2.21 for all cause mortality (95% CI 1.54–3.17, P < 0.001). This was attenuated but not abolished after adjusting for modifiable risk factors, smoking and BMI, with relative risk of social class V compared to I for all cause mortality of 1.92 (95% CI 1.34–2.77, P < 0.001). A similar, but smaller effect was seen in women. Educational status was not associated with mortality independently of social class. Conclusions Social class and education are not necessarily interchangeable measures of SES. Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality can be explained by potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and BMI. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association of each Socioeconomic indicator with specific health outcomes is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

  • occupational social class risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the association between occupational social class and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the extent to which classical and lifestyle risk factors explain such relationships, and if any differences persist after 65 years of age. Design, Setting and Participants Prospective population study of 22,478 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality to 2006. Main results In both men and women an inverse relationship was observed between social class and CVD incidence, with a relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.90 in men (95% CI 1.47 to 2.47, P < 0.001) and 1.90 in women (95% CI 1.45 to 2.49, P < 0.001). Adjusting for classical and lifestyle risk factors (age, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, history of diabetes, physical activity, weekly alcohol intake and plasma vitamin C levels) had little effect in men; the relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.22, P < 0.001), while there was some attenuation seen in women, relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.56 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.05, P = 0.011). The association persisted in men and women aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in CVD incidence can be explained by potentially modifiable classical and lifestyle risk factors. Low social class remains a risk factor for CVD after age 65 years. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

Sheila Bingham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • self rated health does not explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality a prospective study in the epic norfolk cohort
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Ann Louise Kinmonth, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: Self-rated health (SRH), a subjective measure of health, is strongly predictive of mortality, independently of objective measures of health status and existing known disease. There is also a strong social gradient in SRH. We ask whether SRH can explain the well-known Socioeconomic gradient in mortality. Methods: We examine the effect of adjusting for SRH on the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality in a prospective study of 20,754 men and women aged 39–79 years, without prevalent disease, living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993-1997 and followed up for an average of 10 years. Results: Mortality risk increased with decreasing social class in men and women. There was some attenuation after adjustment for covariates age, BMI, smoking, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, alcohol consumption, physical activity and educational level, but a gradient remained. Further adjustment for SRH attenuated the association slightly more, but there was still some evidence of a Socioeconomic Differential in mortality, particularly in class V compared to class I (age and sex adjusted hazard ratio=1.57 (95%CI 1.19, 2.06). Conclusions: SRH does not substantially explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality beyond that explained by health related covariates.

  • occupational social class educational level smoking and body mass index and cause specific mortality in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the independent associations between occupational and educational based measures of Socioeconomic status (SES) and cause-specific mortality, and the extent to which potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and body mass index (BMI) explain such relationships. Design, setting and participants Prospective population study of 22,486 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality using death certification to 2006. Main results In men a strong inverse relationship was found between social class and all cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, with relative risk of social class V compared to I of 2.21 for all cause mortality (95% CI 1.54–3.17, P < 0.001). This was attenuated but not abolished after adjusting for modifiable risk factors, smoking and BMI, with relative risk of social class V compared to I for all cause mortality of 1.92 (95% CI 1.34–2.77, P < 0.001). A similar, but smaller effect was seen in women. Educational status was not associated with mortality independently of social class. Conclusions Social class and education are not necessarily interchangeable measures of SES. Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality can be explained by potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and BMI. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association of each Socioeconomic indicator with specific health outcomes is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

  • occupational social class risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the association between occupational social class and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the extent to which classical and lifestyle risk factors explain such relationships, and if any differences persist after 65 years of age. Design, Setting and Participants Prospective population study of 22,478 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality to 2006. Main results In both men and women an inverse relationship was observed between social class and CVD incidence, with a relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.90 in men (95% CI 1.47 to 2.47, P < 0.001) and 1.90 in women (95% CI 1.45 to 2.49, P < 0.001). Adjusting for classical and lifestyle risk factors (age, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, history of diabetes, physical activity, weekly alcohol intake and plasma vitamin C levels) had little effect in men; the relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.22, P < 0.001), while there was some attenuation seen in women, relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.56 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.05, P = 0.011). The association persisted in men and women aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in CVD incidence can be explained by potentially modifiable classical and lifestyle risk factors. Low social class remains a risk factor for CVD after age 65 years. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

Nicholas J Wareham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • self rated health does not explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality a prospective study in the epic norfolk cohort
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Ann Louise Kinmonth, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: Self-rated health (SRH), a subjective measure of health, is strongly predictive of mortality, independently of objective measures of health status and existing known disease. There is also a strong social gradient in SRH. We ask whether SRH can explain the well-known Socioeconomic gradient in mortality. Methods: We examine the effect of adjusting for SRH on the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality in a prospective study of 20,754 men and women aged 39–79 years, without prevalent disease, living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993-1997 and followed up for an average of 10 years. Results: Mortality risk increased with decreasing social class in men and women. There was some attenuation after adjustment for covariates age, BMI, smoking, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, alcohol consumption, physical activity and educational level, but a gradient remained. Further adjustment for SRH attenuated the association slightly more, but there was still some evidence of a Socioeconomic Differential in mortality, particularly in class V compared to class I (age and sex adjusted hazard ratio=1.57 (95%CI 1.19, 2.06). Conclusions: SRH does not substantially explain the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality beyond that explained by health related covariates.

  • occupational social class educational level smoking and body mass index and cause specific mortality in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the independent associations between occupational and educational based measures of Socioeconomic status (SES) and cause-specific mortality, and the extent to which potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and body mass index (BMI) explain such relationships. Design, setting and participants Prospective population study of 22,486 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality using death certification to 2006. Main results In men a strong inverse relationship was found between social class and all cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, with relative risk of social class V compared to I of 2.21 for all cause mortality (95% CI 1.54–3.17, P < 0.001). This was attenuated but not abolished after adjusting for modifiable risk factors, smoking and BMI, with relative risk of social class V compared to I for all cause mortality of 1.92 (95% CI 1.34–2.77, P < 0.001). A similar, but smaller effect was seen in women. Educational status was not associated with mortality independently of social class. Conclusions Social class and education are not necessarily interchangeable measures of SES. Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in mortality can be explained by potentially modifiable risk factors smoking and BMI. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association of each Socioeconomic indicator with specific health outcomes is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.

  • occupational social class risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women a prospective study in the european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition in norfolk epic norfolk cohort
    European Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Emily Mcfadden, Robert Luben, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Objectives To investigate the association between occupational social class and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the extent to which classical and lifestyle risk factors explain such relationships, and if any differences persist after 65 years of age. Design, Setting and Participants Prospective population study of 22,478 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993–1997 and followed up for total mortality to 2006. Main results In both men and women an inverse relationship was observed between social class and CVD incidence, with a relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.90 in men (95% CI 1.47 to 2.47, P < 0.001) and 1.90 in women (95% CI 1.45 to 2.49, P < 0.001). Adjusting for classical and lifestyle risk factors (age, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, history of diabetes, physical activity, weekly alcohol intake and plasma vitamin C levels) had little effect in men; the relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.22, P < 0.001), while there was some attenuation seen in women, relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.56 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.05, P = 0.011). The association persisted in men and women aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Some but not all of the Socioeconomic Differential in CVD incidence can be explained by potentially modifiable classical and lifestyle risk factors. Low social class remains a risk factor for CVD after age 65 years. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association is needed if we are to reduce inequalities in health.