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Laura L Carstensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Selective Attention to Emotion in the Aging Brain Gregory R.
    2016
    Co-Authors: Elaine R. Robertson, Laura L Carstensen, Joseph A. Mikels, Ian H. Gotlib
    Abstract:

    A growing body of research suggests that the ability to regulate emotion remains stable or improves across the adult life span. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory maintains that this pattern of findings reflects the prioritization of emotional goals. Given that goal-directed behavior requires attentional control, the present study was designed to investigate age differences in selective attention to emotional lexical stimuli under conditions of emotional interference. Both neural and behavioral measures were obtained during an experiment in which participants completed a flanker task that required them to make categorical judgments about emotional and nonemotional stimuli. Older adults showed interference in both the behavioral and neural measures on control trials but not on emotion trials. Although older adults typically show relatively high levels of interference and reduced cognitive control during nonemotional tasks, they appear to be able to successfully reduce interference during emotional tasks

  • SCIENCE WATCH Taking Time Seriously A Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity
    2014
    Co-Authors: Laura L Carstensen, Derek M Isaacowitz, Susan T Charles
    Abstract:

    Socioemotional Selectivity Theory claims that the percep-tion of time plays a fundamental role in the selection and pursuit of social goals. According to the Theory, social motives fall into 1 of 2 general categories—those related to the acquisition of knowledge and those related to the reg-ulation of emotion. When time is perceived as open-ended, knowledge-related goals are prioritized. In contrast, when time is perceived as limited, emotional goals assume pri-macy. The inextricable association between time left in life and chronological age ensures age-related differences in social goals. Nonetheless, the authors show that the per-ception of time is malleable, and social goals change in both younger and older people when time constraints are imposed. The authors argue that time perception is integral to human motivation and suggest potential implication

  • Selective narrowing of social networks across adulthood is associated with improved emotional experience in daily life
    International journal of behavioral development, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tammy English, Laura L Carstensen
    Abstract:

    Past research has documented age differences in the size and composition of social networks that suggest that networks grow smaller with age and include an increasingly greater proportion of well-known social partners. According to Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, such changes in social network composition serve an antecedent emotion regulatory function that supports an age-related increase in the priority that people place on emotional well-being. The present study employed a longitudinal design with a sample that spanned the full adult age range to examine whether there is evidence of within-individual (developmental) change in social networks and whether the characteristics of relationships predict emotional experiences in daily life. Using growth curve analyses, social networks were found to increase in size in young adulthood and then decline steadily throughout later life. As postulated by Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, reductions were observed primarily in the number of peripheral partners; the number of close partners was relatively stable over time. In addition, cross-sectional analyses revealed that older adults reported that social network members elicited less negative emotion and more positive emotion. The emotional tone of social networks, particularly when negative emotions were associated with network members, also predicted experienced emotion of participants. Overall, findings were robust after taking into account demographic variables and physical health. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and related theoretical models.

  • Poignancy: Mixed Emotional Experience in the Face of Meaningful Endings
    2013
    Co-Authors: Hal Ersner-hershfield, Joseph A. Mikels, Sarah J. Sullivan, Laura L Carstensen
    Abstract:

    The experience of mixed emotions increases with age. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory suggests that mixed emotions are associated with shifting time horizons. Theoretically, perceived constraints on future time increase appreciation for life, which, in turn, elicits positive emotions such as happiness. Yet, the very same temporal constraints heighten awareness that these positive experiences come to an end, thus yielding mixed emotional states. In 2 studies, the authors examined the link between the awareness of anticipated endings and mixed emotional experience. In Study 1, participants repeatedly imagined being in a meaningful location. Participants in the experimental condition imagined being in the meaningful location for the final time. Only participants who imagined “last times ” at meaningful locations experienced more mixed emotions. In Study 2, college seniors reported their emotions on graduation day. Mixed emotions were higher when participants were reminded of the ending that they were experiencing. Findings suggest that poignancy is an emotional experience associated with meaningful endings

  • the influence of a sense of time on human development
    Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Laura L Carstensen
    Abstract:

    The subjective sense of future time plays an essential role in human motivation. Gradually, time left becomes a better predictor than chronological age for a range of cognitive, emotional, and motivational variables. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory maintains that constraints on time horizons shift motivational priorities in such a way that the regulation of emotional states becomes more important than other types of goals. This motivational shift occurs with age but also appears in other contexts (for example, geographical relocations, illnesses, and war) that limit subjective future time.

Anja S Goritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the mediating role of coping behavior on the age technostress relationship a longitudinal multilevel mediation model
    PLOS ONE, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nathalie Hauk, Anja S Goritz, Stefan Krumm
    Abstract:

    This study seeks to explain the interplay between chronological age and technology-related strain through techno-stressors and coping strategy choices in organizational settings. Grounded in Lazarus´ stress Theory, theories of cognitive aging, the life span Theory of control and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, this study argues that even though older workers are more prone to techno-stressors, aging is connected to gaining coping skills, which in turn reduce technology-related strain over time. Understanding these processes enables modifying employees’ coping strategy choices and mitigating negative outcomes of technostress at the workplace. Longitudinal data from 1,216 employees over a time period of 8 months were used to perform multilevel mediation modeling. The findings reveal that age was negatively related to technology-related strain. The link between age and technology-related strain was explained through behavioral disengagement, which older workers used less than younger workers. Active coping and social coping did not act as mediators of this relationship across time points. These relationships were stable after controlling for dependency on technology.

  • organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction the impact of occupational future time perspective
    Human Relations, 2016
    Co-Authors: Julia G Weikamp, Anja S Goritz
    Abstract:

    This study examines how occupational future time perspective (OFTP) affects organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and job satisfaction. OFTP reflects how much time and how many opportunities people perceive themselves as having left in their occupational future. OCB comprises extra-role behaviours that aim to support other individuals in the organization (OCBI) and the organization as a whole (OCBO). Socioemotional Selectivity Theory posits that people with an open-ended OFTP strive for knowledge-oriented goals (i.e. OCBO). In contrast, people with a constrained OFTP strive for emotion-oriented goals (i.e. OCBI). Thus, the more people perceive their OFTP as open-ended, the more they should show OCBO rather than OCBI. Applying a motivational OFTP approach to job satisfaction, the greater the open-ended people’s OFTP, the more they should be satisfied with their job if they show more OCBO than OCBI because they can pursue their own goals. Findings support our hypotheses for people’s perceived remaining...

J. Christian Broberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Susan T Charles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • SCIENCE WATCH Taking Time Seriously A Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity
    2014
    Co-Authors: Laura L Carstensen, Derek M Isaacowitz, Susan T Charles
    Abstract:

    Socioemotional Selectivity Theory claims that the percep-tion of time plays a fundamental role in the selection and pursuit of social goals. According to the Theory, social motives fall into 1 of 2 general categories—those related to the acquisition of knowledge and those related to the reg-ulation of emotion. When time is perceived as open-ended, knowledge-related goals are prioritized. In contrast, when time is perceived as limited, emotional goals assume pri-macy. The inextricable association between time left in life and chronological age ensures age-related differences in social goals. Nonetheless, the authors show that the per-ception of time is malleable, and social goals change in both younger and older people when time constraints are imposed. The authors argue that time perception is integral to human motivation and suggest potential implication

  • Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life
    Motivation and Emotion, 2003
    Co-Authors: Laura L Carstensen, Helene H. Fung, Susan T Charles
    Abstract:

    Far more attention has been paid to emotion regulation in childhood than in adulthood and old age. However, a growing body of empirical research suggests that the emotion domain is largely spared from deleterious processes associated with aging and points instead to developmental gains in later life. By applying tenets from Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, we attempt to explain the observed gains in terms of motivation. We argue that age is associated with increasing motivation to derive emotional meaning from life and decreasing motivation to expand one’s horizons. These changes lead to age differences in social and environmental choices (consistent with antecedent emotion regulation), coping (consistent with response-focused regulation), and cognitive processing of positive and negative information (consistent with goal-directed attention and memory). Broader implications for life-span development are discussed.

  • taking time seriously a Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity
    American Psychologist, 1999
    Co-Authors: Laura L Carstensen, Derek M Isaacowitz, Susan T Charles
    Abstract:

    Abstract Socioemotional Selectivity Theory claims that the perception of time plays a fundamental role in the selection and pursuit of social goals. According to the Theory, social motives fall into 1 of 2 general categories--those related to the acquisition of knowledge and those related to the regulation of emotion. When time is perceived as open-ended, knowledge-related goals are prioritized. In contrast, when time is perceived as limited, emotional goals assume primacy. The inextricable association between time left in life and chronological age ensures age-related differences in social goals. Nonetheless, the authors show that the perception of time is malleable, and social goals change in both younger and older people when time constraints are imposed. The authors argue that time perception is integral to human motivation and suggest potential implications for multiple subdisciplines and research interests in social, developmental, cultural, cognitive, and clinical psychology.

Jurgen Deller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does more respect from leaders postpone the desire to retire understanding the mechanisms of retirement decision making
    Frontiers in Psychology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Anne Marit Wohrmann, Ulrike Fasbender, Jurgen Deller
    Abstract:

    The demographic trends (i.e., low birth rates and increasing longevity) pose challenges with regard to the increase of the average employee age along with a lack of skilled personnel on the labor market. Society, organizations and individuals are confronted with the question on how to prolong working lives in the future. Based on Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between respectful leadership and older workers’ desired retirement age. In particular, we took a closer look at job satisfaction, subjective health, and work-to-private life conflict as underlying mechanisms. Further, we tested for the moderating role of occupational self-efficacy as an auxiliary condition for the assumed relationships of respectful leadership. We tested our hypothesized model using data from 1,130 blue and white collar workers aged 45 to 65. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that respectful leadership was positively related to older workers’ desired retirement age and that this relationship was mediated by subjective health and work-to-private life conflict but not by job satisfaction. The findings add to the literature on resources in retirement decision-making; notably they highlight the importance of leadership behavior for older workers’ motivation and Socioemotional needs.

  • Does More Respect from Leaders Postpone the Desire to Retire? Understanding the Mechanisms of Retirement Decision-Making
    Frontiers Media S.A., 2017
    Co-Authors: Anne Marit Wohrmann, Ulrike Fasbender, Jurgen Deller
    Abstract:

    The demographic trends (i.e., low birth rates and increasing longevity) pose challenges with regard to the increase of the average employee age along with a lack of skilled personnel on the labor market. Society, organizations, and individuals are confronted with the question on how to prolong working lives in the future. Based on Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between respectful leadership and older workers’ desired retirement age. In particular, we took a closer look at job satisfaction, subjective health, and work-to-private life conflict as underlying mechanisms. Further, we tested for the moderating role of occupational self-efficacy as an auxiliary condition for the assumed relationships of respectful leadership. We tested our hypothesized model using data from 1,130 blue- and white-collar workers aged 45–65 years. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that respectful leadership was positively related to older workers’ desired retirement age and that this relationship was mediated by subjective health and work-to-private life conflict but not by job satisfaction. The findings add to the literature on resources in retirement decision-making; notably, they highlight the importance of leadership behavior for older workers’ motivation and Socioemotional needs