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Rosseel Laura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Measuring language attitudes in context: Exploring the potential of the Personalized Implicit Association Test
    'Cambridge University Press (CUP)', 2019
    Co-Authors: Rosseel Laura, Speelman Dirk, Geeraerts Dirk
    Abstract:

    After decades of relative methodological stagnation, language attitude Research is witnessing an influx of new experimental methods originally developed in social psychology. One such measure is the Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT), a reaction-time-based method that measures the association between two concepts. The P-IAT has been used successfully to measure language attitudes, yet presents a number of challenges, like the fact that it measures attitudes void of linguistic or interactional context. This article aims to address that challenge and introduces a contextualized version of the P-IAT, which was used alongside an explicit measurement to explore attitudes towards varieties of Dutch in formal vs. informal settings. While the explicit attitudes show the expected pattern of preference for the standard variety in formal contexts, results from the implicit measurement are not as clear-cut. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and reflect on consequences for future Sociolinguistic Research using the P-IAT.status: Published onlin

  • Nieuwe meetmethodes voor de sociale betekenis van taalvariatie: een exploratie van de Personalized Implicit Association Test en de Relational Responding Task
    2017
    Co-Authors: Rosseel Laura
    Abstract:

    The objective of this work is twofold. It sets out to contribute to the study of language attitudes on a methodological as well as a descriptive level. The main goal of the study is the methodological one. Notwithstanding some exceptions (e.g. Preston 1982), quantitative language attitude Research has known little methodological innovation since the introduction of the matched-guise technique in the 1960s (Lambert et al. 1960). This relative methodological stagnation forms a stark contrast with the recent explosion of new methods in social psychology. The latter field is heavily invested in the study of attitudes and has witnessed the development of a large amount of new attitude measures in the last few decades (Petty et al. 2009; Gawronski & De Houwer 2014). In this thesis, we investigate whether linguistic attitude Research can take advantage of these recent developments in psychological attitude Research: is it possible to use those new attitude measures to study the social meaning of language variation? The second goal of our Research is a descriptive one. In the past decades, attitudes towards Dutch language variation have been relatively understudied. In the Netherlands, this situation is changing as more linguistic attitude studies are being carried out (cf. recent work by Grondelaers et al. 2009; Grondelaers & Van Hout 2010). By contrast, in Flanders, the Dutch speaking part of Belgium, there is still much work to be done. Against this background, we aim to make a contribution to the emerging picture of the language attitudinal landscape in Flanders. To accomplish these goals, three studies were conducted. These studies focus on three different social psychological attitude measures and feature five varieties of Belgian Dutch. The first study explores the Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT, Olson & Fazio 2004) to measure attitudes towards Standard Belgian Dutch and two regional varieties of Belgian Dutch (Chapter 2). The P-IAT is compared to two other attitude measures in this study: a direct rating task and a second social psychological technique called affective priming (AP, Speelman et al. 2013). Following up on the successful implementation of the P-IAT as a language attitude measure in the first study, the second study continues the exploration of the P-IAT. Experimental methods like the P-IAT often decontextualise the attitude object. Given the abundant evidence in both the social psychological and Sociolinguistic literature that context significantly influences attitudes (e.g. Gawronski & De Houwer 2014; Campbell-Kibler 2007; Soukup 2013a), we set out to investigate whether we could introduce context cues in the design of the P-IAT. If successful, the method could be used to measure attitudes in a more contextualised way. In the final study, we investigate the potential of the Relational Responding Task (RRT, De Houwer et al. 2015) as a measure for language attitudes. The RRT is used to measure which social meaning listeners associate with Standard Belgian Dutch and Colloquial Belgian Dutch. To provide the necessary background for the studies, we first present a state of the art of attitude measurement in linguistics and social psychology. In addition to this overview, we discuss in detail how the social psychological measures under study (AP, the P-IAT and the RRT) function. This is followed by a comparative review of their procedural characteristics, which points out potential advantages and shortcomings in the light of their use in Sociolinguistic attitude Research. Overall, on the methodological level, the results are promising: we have been able to successfully implement the P-IAT and RRT to measure language attitudes. However, further Research is required to obtain a more thorough understanding of certain procedural aspects of the methods, but also to investigate a number of theoretical issues, such as the categorization processes involved in language attitudes. From a descriptive perspective, the results of our studies corroborate a number of findings that have come out of previous Research and add to them. For instance, language users hold very positive attitudes towards Standard Belgian Dutch. This variety is particularly associated with status and competence and formal usage contexts, although it is also perceived positively in informal situations. Supraregional varieties of Dutch, by contrast, are exclusively associated with informal situations. Speakers of these varieties are perceived as sounding dynamic and trendy. Contrary to previous Research, we have been able to measure these associations with supraregional Dutch using a direct attitude measure. The final chapter of this thesis situates our Research in a larger framework to illustrate its theoretical relevance. Although the main objective of this work is to provide novel tools for Sociolinguistic Research on language attitudes, it also goes beyond this methodological aim. That is to say, our work fits within the tradition of Cognitive Sociolinguistics. This emerging field aims to combine the strengths of Sociolinguistics and Cognitive Linguistics, namely the empirical study of intralinguistic variation and the study of meaning (Geeraerts & Kristiansen 2015). That Cognitive Sociolinguistic project takes shape in this thesis through the study of the social meaning language users attribute to language variation. References: Campbell-Kibler, K. (2007). Accent, (ING), and the social logic of listener perceptions. American Speech, 82(1), 32–64. De Houwer, J., Heider, N., Spruyt, A., Roets, A., & Hughes, S. (2015). The relational responding task: Toward a new implicit measure of beliefs. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, article 319. Gawronski, B., & De Houwer, J. (2014). Implicit measures in social and personality psychology. In H. T. Reis, & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 283–310). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Geeraerts, D., & Kristiansen, G. (2015). Variationist linguistics. In E. Dąbrowska, & D. Divjak (Eds.), Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 365–388). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Grondelaers, S. & Van Hout, R. (2010). Is Standard Dutch with a regional accent standard or not? Evidence from native speakers’ attitudes. Language Variation and Change, 22(2), 221–239. Grondelaers, S., Van Hout, R., & Steegs, M. (2009). Evaluating regional accent variation in Standard Dutch. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 101–116. Lambert, W. E., Hodgson, R. C., Gardner, R. C., & Fillenbaum, S. (1960). Evaluational reactions to spoken languages. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60(1), 44–51. Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2004). Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 86(5), 653–667. Petty, R. E., Fazio, R. H., & Briñol, P. (2009). The new implicit measures: An overview. In R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the New Implicit Measures (pp. 3–18). New York: Psychology Press. Preston, D. R. (1982). Perceptual dialectology: Mental maps of United States dialects from a Hawaiian perspective. Working Papers in Linguistics, 14(2), 5-49. Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. Soukup, B. (2013a). The measurement of ‘language attitudes’ - A reappraisal from a constructionist perspective. In T. Kristiansen, & S. Grondelaers (Eds.), Language (De)standardisations in Late Modern Europe: Experimental Studies (pp. 251–266). Oslo: Novus. Speelman, D., Spruyt, A., Impe, L., & Geeraerts, D. (2013). Language attitudes revisited: Auditory affective priming. Journal of Pragmatics, 52, 83–92.nrpages: 222status: publishe

  • New approaches to measuring the social meaning of language variation: exploring the Personalized Implicit Association Test and the Relational Responding Task
    2017
    Co-Authors: Rosseel Laura
    Abstract:

    The objective of this work is twofold. It sets out to contribute to the study of language attitudes on a methodological as well as a descriptive level. The main goal of the study is the methodological one. Notwithstanding some exceptions (e.g. Preston 1982), quantitative language attitude Research has known little methodological innovation since the introduction of the matched-guise technique in the 1960s (Lambert et al. 1960). This relative methodological stagnation forms a stark contrast with the recent explosion of new methods in social psychology. The latter field is heavily invested in the study of attitudes and has witnessed the development of a large amount of new attitude measures in the last few decades (Petty et al. 2009; Gawronski & De Houwer 2014). In this thesis, we investigate whether linguistic attitude Research can take advantage of these recent developments in psychological attitude Research: is it possible to use those new attitude measures to study the social meaning of language variation? The second goal of our Research is a descriptive one. In the past decades, attitudes towards Dutch language variation have been relatively understudied. In the Netherlands, this situation is changing as more linguistic attitude studies are being carried out (cf. recent work by Grondelaers et al. 2009; Grondelaers & Van Hout 2010). By contrast, in Flanders, the Dutch speaking part of Belgium, there is still much work to be done. Against this background, we aim to make a contribution to the emerging picture of the language attitudinal landscape in Flanders. To accomplish these goals, three studies were conducted. These studies focus on three different social psychological attitude measures and feature five varieties of Belgian Dutch. The first study explores the Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT, Olson & Fazio 2004) to measure attitudes towards Standard Belgian Dutch and two regional varieties of Belgian Dutch (Chapter 2). The P-IAT is compared to two other attitude measures in this study: a direct rating task and a second social psychological technique called affective priming (AP, Speelman et al. 2013). Following up on the successful implementation of the P-IAT as a language attitude measure in the first study, the second study continues the exploration of the P-IAT. Experimental methods like the P-IAT often decontextualise the attitude object. Given the abundant evidence in both the social psychological and Sociolinguistic literature that context significantly influences attitudes (e.g. Gawronski & De Houwer 2014; Campbell-Kibler 2007; Soukup 2013a), we set out to investigate whether we could introduce context cues in the design of the P-IAT. If successful, the method could be used to measure attitudes in a more contextualised way. In the final study, we investigate the potential of the Relational Responding Task (RRT, De Houwer et al. 2015) as a measure for language attitudes. The RRT is used to measure which social meaning listeners associate with Standard Belgian Dutch and Colloquial Belgian Dutch. To provide the necessary background for the studies, we first present a state of the art of attitude measurement in linguistics and social psychology. In addition to this overview, we discuss in detail how the social psychological measures under study (AP, the P-IAT and the RRT) function. This is followed by a comparative review of their procedural characteristics, which points out potential advantages and shortcomings in the light of their use in Sociolinguistic attitude Research. Overall, on the methodological level, the results are promising: we have been able to successfully implement the P-IAT and RRT to measure language attitudes. However, further Research is required to obtain a more thorough understanding of certain procedural aspects of the methods, but also to investigate a number of theoretical issues, such as the categorization processes involved in language attitudes. From a descriptive perspective, the results of our studies corroborate a number of findings that have come out of previous Research and add to them. For instance, language users hold very positive attitudes towards Standard Belgian Dutch. This variety is particularly associated with status and competence and formal usage contexts, although it is also perceived positively in informal situations. Supraregional varieties of Dutch, by contrast, are exclusively associated with informal situations. Speakers of these varieties are perceived as sounding dynamic and trendy. Contrary to previous Research, we have been able to measure these associations with supraregional Dutch using a direct attitude measure. The final chapter of this thesis situates our Research in a larger framework to illustrate its theoretical relevance. Although the main objective of this work is to provide novel tools for Sociolinguistic Research on language attitudes, it also goes beyond this methodological aim. That is to say, our work fits within the tradition of Cognitive Sociolinguistics. This emerging field aims to combine the strengths of Sociolinguistics and Cognitive Linguistics, namely the empirical study of intralinguistic variation and the study of meaning (Geeraerts & Kristiansen 2015). That Cognitive Sociolinguistic project takes shape in this thesis through the study of the social meaning language users attribute to language variation. References: Campbell-Kibler, K. (2007). Accent, (ING), and the social logic of listener perceptions. American Speech, 82(1), 32–64. De Houwer, J., Heider, N., Spruyt, A., Roets, A., & Hughes, S. (2015). The relational responding task: Toward a new implicit measure of beliefs. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, article 319. Gawronski, B., & De Houwer, J. (2014). Implicit measures in social and personality psychology. In H. T. Reis, & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 283–310). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Geeraerts, D., & Kristiansen, G. (2015). Variationist linguistics. In E. Dąbrowska, & D. Divjak (Eds.), Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 365–388). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Grondelaers, S. & Van Hout, R. (2010). Is Standard Dutch with a regional accent standard or not? Evidence from native speakers’ attitudes. Language Variation and Change, 22(2), 221–239. Grondelaers, S., Van Hout, R., & Steegs, M. (2009). Evaluating regional accent variation in Standard Dutch. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 101–116. Lambert, W. E., Hodgson, R. C., Gardner, R. C., & Fillenbaum, S. (1960). Evaluational reactions to spoken languages. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60(1), 44–51. Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2004). Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 86(5), 653–667. Petty, R. E., Fazio, R. H., & Briñol, P. (2009). The new implicit measures: An overview. In R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the New Implicit Measures (pp. 3–18). New York: Psychology Press. Preston, D. R. (1982). Perceptual dialectology: Mental maps of United States dialects from a Hawaiian perspective. Working Papers in Linguistics, 14(2), 5-49. Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. Soukup, B. (2013a). The measurement of ‘language attitudes’ - A reappraisal from a constructionist perspective. In T. Kristiansen, & S. Grondelaers (Eds.), Language (De)standardisations in Late Modern Europe: Experimental Studies (pp. 251–266). Oslo: Novus. Speelman, D., Spruyt, A., Impe, L., & Geeraerts, D. (2013). Language attitudes revisited: Auditory affective priming. Journal of Pragmatics, 52, 83–92.nrpages: 222status: publishe

Janine Astrid Elvina Strandberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Isabel Velazquez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • getting it Sociolinguistic Research and the teaching on u s spanish
    Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2013
    Co-Authors: Isabel Velazquez
    Abstract:

    This article presents the results of an analysis of student perceptions about speakers of Spanish in the United States before and after participation in a university course on U.S. Spanish that incorporates a hands-on Research component. Three arguments are made here: That these perceptions influence their day-to-day relationship with bilingual communities and inform the way in which they will approach their professional practice; that modeling and guiding reflection helps students to become engaged in a critical analysis of their own language experience; and that Research experience provides students with an opportunity to link the theory of the Sociolinguistics of U.S. Spanish with the experience of local speakers. Results suggest that this experience changed several general and normative beliefs that students held about U.S. speakers of Spanish, but that these changes did not necessarily transform the way in which they perceived themselves in relation to those speakers.

Salö Linus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A weave of symbolic violence : dominance and complicity in Sociolinguistic Research on multilingualism
    'Walter de Gruyter GmbH', 2020
    Co-Authors: Ganuza Natalia, Karlander David, Salö Linus
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses symbolic violence in Sociolinguistic Research on multilingualism. It revisits an archived recording of a group discussion betweenfour boys about their chances of having sex with a female Researcher. The data is rife with symbolic violence. Most obviously, the conversation enacted a heterosexist form of symbolic violence. This was, however, not the only direction in which violence was exerted. As argued by (Bourdieu & Wacquant. 1992. An invitation to reflexive sociology. Cambridge: Polity), symbolic violence involves two fundamental elements – domination and complicity. In the case at hand, the boys’ sexist banter conformed to dominant expectations about their linguistic behavior, imbued in the Research event. This is symbolic complicity of the kind that the Bourdieusian notion foresees. Yet another subordination to the dominant vision occurred when the Researchers captured the conversation on tape, but decided to exempt it from publication. Here, we argue that giving deepened attention to sociolinguists’ own run-ins with symbolic violence during Research is valuable, because it provides an opportunity to reflexively consider the social conditions of the Research practices, in relation to the data produced and analyzed. Ultimately, this reflexive exercise may help sociolinguists sharpen their tools for understanding the give and take of dominance and complicity unfolding in their data

Linus Salo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.