The Experts below are selected from a list of 1476 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Inês Conceição Roberto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lignin recovery from brewer s spent grain black liquor
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2007Co-Authors: Solange Inês Mussatto, Marcela Fernandes, Inês Conceição RobertoAbstract:Abstract The present study describes the precipitation of lignin by acidification of a black liquor (pH 12.56 and 12.44 g/l soluble lignin) produced by Soda Pulping of brewer’s spent grain. Sulfuric acid was added to the liquor to decrease the pH, forming a lignin-rich precipitate. Ten pH values (varying from 12.56 to 2.15) were studied. The lignin mass precipitated for each pH condition was determined, and the obtained liquors were evaluated regarding the color and concentration of soluble lignin. Some phenolic acids (vanillic, syringic, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic and p-coumaric) were quantified in the liquors to verify their removal profiles as a function of the pH alteration. Significant lignin precipitation was only observed at pH
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Optimum operating conditions for brewer's spent grain Soda Pulping
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2006Co-Authors: Solange Inês Mussatto, George J M Rocha, Giuliano Dragone, Inês Conceição RobertoAbstract:Abstract The Soda Pulping of brewer's spent grain (BSG) pretreated with dilute-acid was studied. A first-order full-factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of the operational variables: Soda concentration (1–2%), temperature (80–120 °C) and Pulping time (30–90 min), on the properties of the pulp (cellulose and lignin contents) obtained from BSG. The factorial design permitted to identify the optimum operating conditions for BSG Soda Pulping. Equations relating the responses (properties of the pulp) to the operational variables were thus proposed, and fitted the experimental results at 99 and 90% confidence levels, for the cellulose and lignin contents, respectively. The best Pulping conditions (2% Soda concentration, 120 °C, 90 min) led to a pulp containing 72.1% w/w cellulose and low residual lignin content (10.4% w/w).
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Optimum operating conditions for brewer's spent grain Soda Pulping
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2006Co-Authors: Solange Inês Mussatto, George J M Rocha, Giuliano Dragone, Inês Conceição RobertoAbstract:Abstract The Soda Pulping of brewer's spent grain (BSG) pretreated with dilute-acid was studied. A first-order full-factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of the operational variables: Soda concentration (1–2%), temperature (80–120 °C) and Pulping time (30–90 min), on the properties of the pulp (cellulose and lignin contents) obtained from BSG. The factorial design permitted to identify the optimum operating conditions for BSG Soda Pulping. Equations relating the responses (properties of the pulp) to the operational variables were thus proposed, and fitted the experimental results at 99 and 90% confidence levels, for the cellulose and lignin contents, respectively. The best Pulping conditions (2% Soda concentration, 120 °C, 90 min) led to a pulp containing 72.1% w/w cellulose and low residual lignin content (10.4% w/w).
W J Frederick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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swelling behavior of black liquor from Soda Pulping of wheat straw
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: M B Murillo, J Arauzo, W J FrederickAbstract:The primary aim of this research work was to characterize the swelling properties of black liquor and their dependence on the temperature and gas composition of the combustion or gasification environment. The measurements were made using an industrial black liquor from Soda Pulping of wheat straw. The swelling measurements were carried out in a single droplet reactor. This paper presents data that show the influence of the reactor temperature and the gas composition on the swelling during devolatilization, and compares the swelling characteristics of a straw black liquor with similar published data on black liquors from kraft Pulping of wood. Experiments were carried out in inert, oxiding, and gasifying environments, at temperatures from 500 to 900 °C. One interesting result was that the straw liquor swelled much more than most kraft or Soda liquors from Pulping of wood. Another result was that droplets subjected to hot gas atmospheres containing O 2 , CO 2 and/or H 2 O(v) swelled less than those subjected to hot N 2 atmospheres. The data obtained suggest that the straw Soda black liquor would burn more rapidly than most kraft liquors from Pulping of wood because of its high external surface area when swollen. This highly swelling liquor caused problems with fluidization when straw liquors were injected in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier.
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Swelling behavior of black liquor from Soda Pulping of wheat straw
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: G. Gea, J Arauzo, And M. B. Murillo, W J FrederickAbstract:The primary aim of this research work was to characterize the swelling properties of black liquor and their dependence on the temperature and gas composition of the combustion or gasification environment. The measurements were made using an industrial black liquor from Soda Pulping of wheat straw. The swelling measurements were carried out in a single droplet reactor. This paper presents data that show the influence of the reactor temperature and the gas composition on the swelling during devolatilization, and compares the swelling characteristics of a straw black liquor with similar published data on black liquors from kraft Pulping of wood. Experiments were carried out in inert, oxiding, and gasifying environments, at temperatures from 500 to 900 °C. One interesting result was that the straw liquor swelled much more than most kraft or Soda liquors from Pulping of wood. Another result was that droplets subjected to hot gas atmospheres containing O 2 , CO 2 and/or H 2 O(v) swelled less than those subjected to hot N 2 atmospheres. The data obtained suggest that the straw Soda black liquor would burn more rapidly than most kraft liquors from Pulping of wood because of its high external surface area when swollen. This highly swelling liquor caused problems with fluidization when straw liquors were injected in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier.
Solange Inês Mussatto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lignin recovery from brewer s spent grain black liquor
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2007Co-Authors: Solange Inês Mussatto, Marcela Fernandes, Inês Conceição RobertoAbstract:Abstract The present study describes the precipitation of lignin by acidification of a black liquor (pH 12.56 and 12.44 g/l soluble lignin) produced by Soda Pulping of brewer’s spent grain. Sulfuric acid was added to the liquor to decrease the pH, forming a lignin-rich precipitate. Ten pH values (varying from 12.56 to 2.15) were studied. The lignin mass precipitated for each pH condition was determined, and the obtained liquors were evaluated regarding the color and concentration of soluble lignin. Some phenolic acids (vanillic, syringic, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic and p-coumaric) were quantified in the liquors to verify their removal profiles as a function of the pH alteration. Significant lignin precipitation was only observed at pH
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Optimum operating conditions for brewer's spent grain Soda Pulping
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2006Co-Authors: Solange Inês Mussatto, George J M Rocha, Giuliano Dragone, Inês Conceição RobertoAbstract:Abstract The Soda Pulping of brewer's spent grain (BSG) pretreated with dilute-acid was studied. A first-order full-factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of the operational variables: Soda concentration (1–2%), temperature (80–120 °C) and Pulping time (30–90 min), on the properties of the pulp (cellulose and lignin contents) obtained from BSG. The factorial design permitted to identify the optimum operating conditions for BSG Soda Pulping. Equations relating the responses (properties of the pulp) to the operational variables were thus proposed, and fitted the experimental results at 99 and 90% confidence levels, for the cellulose and lignin contents, respectively. The best Pulping conditions (2% Soda concentration, 120 °C, 90 min) led to a pulp containing 72.1% w/w cellulose and low residual lignin content (10.4% w/w).
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Optimum operating conditions for brewer's spent grain Soda Pulping
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2006Co-Authors: Solange Inês Mussatto, George J M Rocha, Giuliano Dragone, Inês Conceição RobertoAbstract:Abstract The Soda Pulping of brewer's spent grain (BSG) pretreated with dilute-acid was studied. A first-order full-factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of the operational variables: Soda concentration (1–2%), temperature (80–120 °C) and Pulping time (30–90 min), on the properties of the pulp (cellulose and lignin contents) obtained from BSG. The factorial design permitted to identify the optimum operating conditions for BSG Soda Pulping. Equations relating the responses (properties of the pulp) to the operational variables were thus proposed, and fitted the experimental results at 99 and 90% confidence levels, for the cellulose and lignin contents, respectively. The best Pulping conditions (2% Soda concentration, 120 °C, 90 min) led to a pulp containing 72.1% w/w cellulose and low residual lignin content (10.4% w/w).
L Jimenez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of the holm oak Soda Pulping conditions on the properties of the resulting paper sheets
Bioresource Technology, 2008Co-Authors: J Alaejos, Antonio Perez, Francisco Jose Martinez Lopez, Alejandro Rodríguez, L JimenezAbstract:This paper reports on the influence of independent variables in the Pulping of holm oak wood [viz. temperature (135-195 degrees C), cooking time (30-90 min) and Soda concentration (10-20%)] on the properties of the resulting paper sheets. By using a central composite factorial design and a fuzzy neural model, equations relating each dependent variable to the different independent variables were derived that reproduced the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors less than 14%. Using a Soda concentration of 17.5% at 195 degrees C for 30 min, it is possible to reduce the working capital (cost of chemical) and the capital investment, because it is operated with smaller values of the Soda concentration and cooking time that maximum considered (20% of Soda concentration and 90 min). The pulp yield thus obtained differed by less than 31.3% from the highest possible value; also, the resulting pulp and paper sheets had acceptable properties that differed by less than 21.10% from their optimum values.
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the effect of processing variables on the Soda Pulping of olive tree wood
Bioresource Technology, 1999Co-Authors: L Jimenez, I Perez, M J De La Torre, J C GarciaAbstract:Abstract A central composite design was developed to study the effect of processing variables (temperature, Pulping time and Soda concentration) on the properties of pulp (holocellulose, α-cellulose and lignin contents, yield and brightness) and the paper sheets obtained (breaking length, burst index and tear index). The proposed equations fit the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors less than 10% (15% for the breaking length). Obtaining pulp with acceptably high yield, holocellulose and α-cellulose contents, a high brightness and low lignin contents, requires cooking at a low Pulping temperature (155–160°C), using a high Soda concentration (10%) for a short Pulping time (15 min). On the other hand, obtaining paper sheets with acceptable strength properties requires rather different conditions. Consequently, it is preferable to use the Pulping conditions that result in the best pulp properties and to improve the characteristics of the paper sheets by refining.
Dharm Dutt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Ethanol Addition and Biological Pretreatment on Soda Pulping of Eulaliopsis binata
Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2016Co-Authors: Archana Gautam, Amit Kumar, Dharm DuttAbstract:Morphological characteristics and proximate chemical analysis of E. binata showed it as a suitable raw material for writing and printing grade paper. Maximum pulp yield (43.58%) of kappa number 17.38 with 0.9% screening rejects was obtained at 12% of active alkali (as Na2O) Pulping temperature 130°C, cooking time 120 min and solid to liquor ratio 1:4. During bio-Soda Pulping of E. binata, pulp yield decreased slightly while pulp brightness, tensile index, burst index and double fold numbers were improved by 4.1%, 24.94%, 14.03% and 48.45% respectively compared to Soda Pulping. During ethanol-Soda Pulping of E. binata, pulp yield, pulp brightness, tensile index, burst index and double fold numbers were improved by 3.9%, 6.6%, 32.18%, 35.40% and 77.31% respectively compared to Soda Pulping.
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Delignification of Phragmites karka – a Wetland Grass – by Soda Pulping Process
Bioresources, 2013Co-Authors: Lalit Kumar, Dharm Dutt, Amit Kumar BhartiAbstract:Phragmites karka, a common wetland grass, was delignified by the Soda Pulping process, and all the operating parameters were optimized. The effects of both anthraquinone and surfactant on pulp yield and kappa number at optimum Pulping conditions were also investigated. The pulp was beaten at different beating levels to optimize different mechanical strength properties. A detailed morphological study of Soda-AQ pulp of P. karka was conducted by scanning electron microscopy.
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delignification of phragmites karka a wetland grass by Soda Pulping process
Bioresources, 2013Co-Authors: Lalit Kumar, Dharm Dutt, Amit Kumar BhartiAbstract:Phragmites karka, a common wetland grass, was delignified by the Soda Pulping process, and all the operating parameters were optimized. The effects of both anthraquinone and surfactant on pulp yield and kappa number at optimum Pulping conditions were also investigated. The pulp was beaten at different beating levels to optimize different mechanical strength properties. A detailed morphological study of Soda-AQ pulp of P. karka was conducted by scanning electron microscopy.
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characterization of dogs tooth grass and its delignification by Soda Pulping process
2012Co-Authors: Dharm Dutt, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Swarnima Agnihotri, Archana GautamAbstract:Chenopodium album, commonly known as dogs tooth grass, belongs to order Caryophyllales, family Amaranthaceae and is an interesting example of Eudicotyledons. Anatomy of C. album shows that the cells between vascular bundles become thickened and lignified together with the xylem and form a compact body of cylinder known as conjunctive tissue, which is an important hitherto unexploited source of cellulosic fibers at a time when most of the nations were searching new alternatives due to shrinking of forest resources. Fibers of C. album are short, libriform type, pointed with pitted walls and produce a bulky and opaque paper which is the most important property for writing and printing grade due to high Luce’s shape factor, slenderness ratio, solid factor and Runkel ratio. Moderate amount of extractives with higher holocellulose contents (70.2%) and α-cellulose (39.7%) make C. album as promising raw materials for pulp and paper production. C. album contains medium lignin contents (21.5%). Therefore, it requires milder cooking conditions and can be cooked as a supplement raw material with other non-woody plants. C. album produces a screened pulp yield of 42.3% of kappa number 19.5 at an active alkali dose of 20% (as NaOH), time at 165 0 C temperature 90 min and liquor to wood ratio of 4.5:1 by Soda Pulping process. Addition of 0.1% anthraquinone at optimum Pulping conditions improves pulp yield marginally and reduces kappa number 2.3 units. C. album produces optimal strength properties at 40+1 0 SR. The reaction kinetics study indicates that
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optimization of Soda Pulping process of ligno cellulosic residues of lemon and sofia grasses produced after steam distillation
Bioresources, 2011Co-Authors: Harjeet Kaur, Dharm Dutt, C. H. TyagiAbstract:Sofia (Cymbopogon martini), and lemon (Cymbopogon flexuosus) grasses, are exclusively cultivated for extraction of important lemongrass and palma rosa oils. Lignocellulosic residue (LCR) of sofia and lemon grasses left after steam distillation can successfully be used for the production of chemical grade pulp. Steam distillation mitigates the problem of mass transfer, and facilitates the faster penetration of cooking liquor by leaching out a part of extraneous components. Sofia grass produces a pulp yield of 43.7% of kappa number 20 at an active alkali dose of 14% (as Na2O), maximum cooking temperature of 160 oC and cooking time 90 min. Likewise, lemon grass produces a pulp yield of 41.4% of kappa number 12.5 under the same conditions except temperature (150 oC) by a Soda Pulping process. Addition of 0.1% AQ at optimum cooking conditions reduces kappa number by 26 and 8% for sofia and lemon grasses with insignificant increase in pulp yield i.e. 0.2 and 0.4% for sofia and lemon grasses, respectively. The mechanical strength properties of lemon grass Soda-AQ pulp are better than sofia grass. Bauer-McNett fiber classification further validates that +20 fractions are more (62.63%) in lemon grass than in sofia grass (42.72%).
