The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mahender S Bhist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy a double blind randomized trial
Hepatology, 1992Co-Authors: S Sushma, S Dasarathy, R K Tandon, Satish Jain, Surya Gupta, Mahender S BhistAbstract:A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute portal-systemic encephalopathy. Seventy-four consecutive patients with cirrhosis or surgical portasystemic anastamosis and hepatic encephalopathy of less than 7 days duration were randomized to receive lactulose (dose adjusted for 2 or 3 semiformed stools/day) or Sodium Benzoate (5 gm twice daily). Assessment of response included mental status, asterixis, arterial ammonia level, electroencephalogram and number-connection test. Each was given a score between 0 and 4+. A portal-systemic encephalopathy index was calculated with these scores. Visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials and a battery of psychometric tests for intelligence and memory were also performed to assess improvement. Thirty-eight patients received Sodium Benzoate; 36 took lactulose. Thirty patients (80%) receiving Sodium Benzoate and 29 (81%) receiving lactulose recovered; the remaining patients died. Improvement in portal-systemic encephalopathy parameters occurred in both treatment groups and was similar (p > 0.1). Electroencephalogram and evoked potentials were not as helpful as mental status in assessing of recovery. Psychometric test scores remained abnormal after recovery of mental status (21 to 42 days) and were probably too sensitive for monitoring of these patients. The incidence of side effects was similar in the two treatment groups. The cost of lactulose for one course of therapy was 30 times that of Sodium Benzoate. We conclude that Sodium Benzoate is a safe and effective alternative to lactulose in the treatment of acute portasystemic encephalopathy. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:138–144.)
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Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy: A double‐blind randomized trial
Hepatology, 1992Co-Authors: S Sushma, S Dasarathy, R K Tandon, Satish Jain, Surya Gupta, Mahender S BhistAbstract:A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute portal-systemic encephalopathy. Seventy-four consecutive patients with cirrhosis or surgical portasystemic anastamosis and hepatic encephalopathy of less than 7 days duration were randomized to receive lactulose (dose adjusted for 2 or 3 semiformed stools/day) or Sodium Benzoate (5 gm twice daily). Assessment of response included mental status, asterixis, arterial ammonia level, electroencephalogram and number-connection test. Each was given a score between 0 and 4+. A portal-systemic encephalopathy index was calculated with these scores. Visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials and a battery of psychometric tests for intelligence and memory were also performed to assess improvement. Thirty-eight patients received Sodium Benzoate; 36 took lactulose. Thirty patients (80%) receiving Sodium Benzoate and 29 (81%) receiving lactulose recovered; the remaining patients died. Improvement in portal-systemic encephalopathy parameters occurred in both treatment groups and was similar (p > 0.1). Electroencephalogram and evoked potentials were not as helpful as mental status in assessing of recovery. Psychometric test scores remained abnormal after recovery of mental status (21 to 42 days) and were probably too sensitive for monitoring of these patients. The incidence of side effects was similar in the two treatment groups. The cost of lactulose for one course of therapy was 30 times that of Sodium Benzoate. We conclude that Sodium Benzoate is a safe and effective alternative to lactulose in the treatment of acute portasystemic encephalopathy. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:138–144.)
Peter Kleinebudde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pediatric drug formulations of Sodium Benzoate
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2003Co-Authors: Jörg Breitkreutz, Firas El-saleh, Christian Kiera, Peter Kleinebudde, Wolfgang WiedeyAbstract:Sodium Benzoate is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of some rare disorders that predominantly affect children. In preliminary investigations, liquid and semi-solid formulations of Sodium Benzoate failed because children refuse the oral uptake due to the bad taste of the drug. Recently developed microcapsules with macrogol as a hydrophilic binder raise concern in high-dose treatment regimens because acceptable daily intake limits are exceeded. A novel microcapsule formulation was developed consisting of a lipophilic core with high Sodium Benzoate load and a saliva-resistant coating. A new powder quality of saturated triglycerides from plant origin was introduced which complies with the Ph. Eur. monograph 'Hard fat'. Sodium Benzoate and the triglyceride were mixed and directly extruded at room temperature. The extrudates were spheronized and coated in a fluidized-bed process. The resulting coated granules are small-sized microcapsules and taste neutrally. They can be mixed with food before administration. As the amount of released Sodium Benzoate is negligible within the first minutes, children do not recognize the bad taste and accept the medication. Recently, Sodium Benzoate in this novel formulation has been designated by the European Community as an orphan drug in the treatment of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.
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pediatric drug formulations of Sodium Benzoate i coated granules with a hydrophilic binder
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2003Co-Authors: Jörg Breitkreutz, Martin Bornhoft, Florian Woll, Peter KleinebuddeAbstract:High doses of Sodium Benzoate are applied in the treatment of some rare metabolic disorders. In most cases children are affected who often refuse the oral uptake of Sodium Benzoate as a powder or in solution due to its bad taste. Therefore, small-sized, saliva-resistant microcapsules have been developed containing high doses of the drug substance. Granules were produced by roller compacting of Sodium Benzoate powder without any additives, by solvent-free cold extrusion and hot-melt extrusion adding poly(ethylene glycol)s of different grades. The granules with a diameter of less than 1 mm were film-coated by an ethanolic solution of Eudragit® E 100. The microcapsules from hot-melt extrusion containing 25% Macrogol 4000 were most stable during the coating process and showed the highest yields. Sodium Benzoate is completely released from the microcapsules within 9 min into 0.1 N HCl and 0.01 N HCl whereas dissolution into buffer pH 6.8 is different in the initial phase and completed after 14 min. The bad taste of Sodium Benzoate is not recognized in the buccal space for at least 5 min. The microcapsules are stable during storage for at least 6 months.
S Sushma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy a double blind randomized trial
Hepatology, 1992Co-Authors: S Sushma, S Dasarathy, R K Tandon, Satish Jain, Surya Gupta, Mahender S BhistAbstract:A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute portal-systemic encephalopathy. Seventy-four consecutive patients with cirrhosis or surgical portasystemic anastamosis and hepatic encephalopathy of less than 7 days duration were randomized to receive lactulose (dose adjusted for 2 or 3 semiformed stools/day) or Sodium Benzoate (5 gm twice daily). Assessment of response included mental status, asterixis, arterial ammonia level, electroencephalogram and number-connection test. Each was given a score between 0 and 4+. A portal-systemic encephalopathy index was calculated with these scores. Visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials and a battery of psychometric tests for intelligence and memory were also performed to assess improvement. Thirty-eight patients received Sodium Benzoate; 36 took lactulose. Thirty patients (80%) receiving Sodium Benzoate and 29 (81%) receiving lactulose recovered; the remaining patients died. Improvement in portal-systemic encephalopathy parameters occurred in both treatment groups and was similar (p > 0.1). Electroencephalogram and evoked potentials were not as helpful as mental status in assessing of recovery. Psychometric test scores remained abnormal after recovery of mental status (21 to 42 days) and were probably too sensitive for monitoring of these patients. The incidence of side effects was similar in the two treatment groups. The cost of lactulose for one course of therapy was 30 times that of Sodium Benzoate. We conclude that Sodium Benzoate is a safe and effective alternative to lactulose in the treatment of acute portasystemic encephalopathy. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:138–144.)
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Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy: A double‐blind randomized trial
Hepatology, 1992Co-Authors: S Sushma, S Dasarathy, R K Tandon, Satish Jain, Surya Gupta, Mahender S BhistAbstract:A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Sodium Benzoate in the treatment of acute portal-systemic encephalopathy. Seventy-four consecutive patients with cirrhosis or surgical portasystemic anastamosis and hepatic encephalopathy of less than 7 days duration were randomized to receive lactulose (dose adjusted for 2 or 3 semiformed stools/day) or Sodium Benzoate (5 gm twice daily). Assessment of response included mental status, asterixis, arterial ammonia level, electroencephalogram and number-connection test. Each was given a score between 0 and 4+. A portal-systemic encephalopathy index was calculated with these scores. Visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials and a battery of psychometric tests for intelligence and memory were also performed to assess improvement. Thirty-eight patients received Sodium Benzoate; 36 took lactulose. Thirty patients (80%) receiving Sodium Benzoate and 29 (81%) receiving lactulose recovered; the remaining patients died. Improvement in portal-systemic encephalopathy parameters occurred in both treatment groups and was similar (p > 0.1). Electroencephalogram and evoked potentials were not as helpful as mental status in assessing of recovery. Psychometric test scores remained abnormal after recovery of mental status (21 to 42 days) and were probably too sensitive for monitoring of these patients. The incidence of side effects was similar in the two treatment groups. The cost of lactulose for one course of therapy was 30 times that of Sodium Benzoate. We conclude that Sodium Benzoate is a safe and effective alternative to lactulose in the treatment of acute portasystemic encephalopathy. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:138–144.)
Jörg Breitkreutz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pediatric drug formulations of Sodium Benzoate
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2003Co-Authors: Jörg Breitkreutz, Firas El-saleh, Christian Kiera, Peter Kleinebudde, Wolfgang WiedeyAbstract:Sodium Benzoate is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of some rare disorders that predominantly affect children. In preliminary investigations, liquid and semi-solid formulations of Sodium Benzoate failed because children refuse the oral uptake due to the bad taste of the drug. Recently developed microcapsules with macrogol as a hydrophilic binder raise concern in high-dose treatment regimens because acceptable daily intake limits are exceeded. A novel microcapsule formulation was developed consisting of a lipophilic core with high Sodium Benzoate load and a saliva-resistant coating. A new powder quality of saturated triglycerides from plant origin was introduced which complies with the Ph. Eur. monograph 'Hard fat'. Sodium Benzoate and the triglyceride were mixed and directly extruded at room temperature. The extrudates were spheronized and coated in a fluidized-bed process. The resulting coated granules are small-sized microcapsules and taste neutrally. They can be mixed with food before administration. As the amount of released Sodium Benzoate is negligible within the first minutes, children do not recognize the bad taste and accept the medication. Recently, Sodium Benzoate in this novel formulation has been designated by the European Community as an orphan drug in the treatment of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.
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pediatric drug formulations of Sodium Benzoate i coated granules with a hydrophilic binder
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2003Co-Authors: Jörg Breitkreutz, Martin Bornhoft, Florian Woll, Peter KleinebuddeAbstract:High doses of Sodium Benzoate are applied in the treatment of some rare metabolic disorders. In most cases children are affected who often refuse the oral uptake of Sodium Benzoate as a powder or in solution due to its bad taste. Therefore, small-sized, saliva-resistant microcapsules have been developed containing high doses of the drug substance. Granules were produced by roller compacting of Sodium Benzoate powder without any additives, by solvent-free cold extrusion and hot-melt extrusion adding poly(ethylene glycol)s of different grades. The granules with a diameter of less than 1 mm were film-coated by an ethanolic solution of Eudragit® E 100. The microcapsules from hot-melt extrusion containing 25% Macrogol 4000 were most stable during the coating process and showed the highest yields. Sodium Benzoate is completely released from the microcapsules within 9 min into 0.1 N HCl and 0.01 N HCl whereas dissolution into buffer pH 6.8 is different in the initial phase and completed after 14 min. The bad taste of Sodium Benzoate is not recognized in the buccal space for at least 5 min. The microcapsules are stable during storage for at least 6 months.
A D Mercer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sodium Benzoate and other metal Benzoates as corrosion inhibitors in water and in aqueous solutions
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2007Co-Authors: F Wormwell, A D MercerAbstract:Sodium Benzoate has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in distilled water, a moderately hard mains-water and very dilute (e.g. 0·03%) Sodium chloride solutions. The concentration of Benzoate required for inhibition is greater (0·5%) for machined than for emeried surfaces (0·1% in favourable conditions) and for mains water or chloride solutions (1·0 or 1·5%) as compared with distilled water (0·5%). Movement of the solution, or saturation with oxygen, assists inhibition, but a pH below 6 causes breakdown. Comparisons with Sodium chromate show that Sodium Benzoate is less efficient; it is, however, a ‘safe’ inhibitor since it does not lead to intense localized corrosion when the concentration is just below the minimum for protection. The following Benzoates have also been shown to possess inhibitive properties: potassium, lithium, zinc and magnesium. Zinc is partly, and copper and aluminium completely, protected in 0·05% Sodium Benzoate solution at room temperature. An unusually high rate of hydrogen gas evolution occurs in dilute Sodium chloride solutions containing insufficient Sodium Benzoate for complete inhibition. A tentative explanation is suggested. The detailed mechanism of the protective action of Sodium Benzoate is not yet established, but electrode-potential measurements and film-stripping experiments provide evidence for the view that anodio inhibition produces and maintains a continuous film. Electron-diffraction examination of the stripped film has so far yielded definite evidence of γ-ferric oxide (or Fe3O4) only.
