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Eckhard Melcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • natural durability of important european wood species against wood decay Fungi part 2 field tests and fungal community
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kordula Jacobs, Eckhard Melcher, Katharina Plaschkies, Wolfram Scheiding, B Weis, E Conti, A Fojutowski, Le I Bayon
    Abstract:

    Abstract The durability classes (DC) of heartwood from Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and European larch (Larix decidua) were investigated by in-ground field tests according to EN 350 and EN 252. Tests were performed at five different European field sites. The performance of larch and oak was equal at all fields, resulting in the same average lifetime and DC values at each location. However, basidiomycete lab tests provided completely different durability values, for instance DC 1 for oak and DC 5 for larch. Additionally, the spectrum of Fungi was analyzed at pine and beech stakes every half year, over a period of three years, using morphological methods and DNA analysis. The decay was mainly caused by white and soft rot Fungi at all five test fields. The mycoflora was influenced by the wood species and the analyzed areas of the exposed specimens. The highest number of fungal species was found in the earth/air transition zone. A total of 98 Fungi from 77 genera were detected, whereby not all of them were previously classified as wood degrading Fungi.

  • investigations on natural durability of important european wood species against wood decay Fungi part 1 laboratory tests
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Katharina Plaschkies, Kordula Jacobs, Wolfram Scheiding, Eckhard Melcher
    Abstract:

    Abstract The durability of heartwood from European larch, Sessile oak and Scots pine was tested in laboratory against wood decay basidiomycetes and soft rot. The durability test was performed according to CEN/TS 15083-1:2005 with Coniophora puteana , Oligoporus ( Poria ) placenta and Trametes ( Coriolus ) versicolor . CEN/TS 15083-2:2005 was applied in order to test the timber with a bioactive soil substrate against soil rotting organisms. For Sessile oak, a very high durability against basidiomycetes (DC 1) was found in contrast to a low durability (DC 4) against soft rot Fungi. Furthermore the results indicated that the durability of European larch and Scots pine is slightly deteriorated after leaching according to EN 84:1997 . Beside this a minor influence of raw density on mass loss was detected for larch.

  • durability of oak timber bridges impact of inherent wood resistance and environmental conditions
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2012
    Co-Authors: Christian Brischke, Christoph J Behnen, Marietherese Lenz, Karin Brandt, Eckhard Melcher
    Abstract:

    Abstract Premature failure of timber construction can have dramatic consequences, at worst threat to human life or physical condition. Timber components might perform unexpectedly poor due to insufficient protection by misuse, design, low work execution level, or due to low resistance of the material in use. However, information about the material resistance of prematurely failed structures is usually lacking. Therefore this study aimed on developing a method to display the relationship between damages occurring on structures in service and the resistance against wood-destroying Fungi of the material used. Drilling cores taken from wooden structures were found to have the ability to serve as specimens in laboratory decay test when compared to standard specimens. Therefore, drilling cores were sampled from different components of six timber bridges in Hannover, Germany, made from English oak (Quercus robur L.). The cores were submitted to the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor and to soft rot Fungi in terrestrial microcosms. The determined mass losses due to fungal decay were compared with the level of damage of the studied bridge components. The results indicated that the material-inherent resistance was responsible for damages rather than poor details of the construction. The methodological approach might be used to provide further knowledge about the relationship of timber in service and under ideal laboratory test conditions.

Luisa Canto E Castro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effectiveness of a biological treatment with rhizopus oryzae and of a photo fenton oxidation in the mitigation of toxicity of a bleached kraft pulp mill effluent
    Water Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ruth Pereira, Fernando Goncalves, Sara C Antunes, Ana M M Goncalves, Sergio Marques, F Ferreira, Ana C Freitas, Teresa A P Rochasantos, Mario Diniz, Luisa Canto E Castro
    Abstract:

    Abstract Huge efforts have been made both in adopting more environmental-friendly bleaching processes, and in developing advanced oxidation processes and more effective biological treatments for the reduction of deleterious impacts of paper mill effluents. Even so, the success of such treatments is frequently reported in terms of chemical parameters without a proper evaluation of the effluent's toxicity mitigation. This is the first study reporting an exhaustive evaluation of the toxicity of a secondary bleached kraft pulp mill effluent, after either tertiary treatment with the Soft-Rot Fungi Rhizopus oryzae or with a photo-Fenton oxidation, using a battery of freshwater species. As it has been reported the photo-Fenton/UV treatment has proved to be the most effective in reducing the colour and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the effluent. Nevertheless, extremely low EC 50 values were reported for almost all species, after this tertiary treatment. The treatment with R. oryzae was less effective in terms of colour removal and COD reduction, but proved to be the most promising in reducing toxicity.

  • biological treatment of the effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill using basidiomycete and zygomycete Fungi
    Science of The Total Environment, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ana C Freitas, Fernando Goncalves, Ruth Pereira, Sara C Antunes, F Ferreira, Teresa A P Rochasantos, Mario Diniz, Luisa Canto E Castro, A C F M Costa, Isabel Peres
    Abstract:

    Three white-rot Fungi (Pleurotus sajor caju, Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium) and one Soft-Rot Fungi (Rhizopus oryzae) species confirmed their potential for future applications in the biological treatment of effluents derived from the secondary treatment of a bleached kraft pulp mill processing Eucalyptus globulus. Among the four species P. sajor caju and R. oryzae were the most effective in the biodegradation of organic compounds present in the effluent, being responsible for the reduction of relative absorbance (25-46% at 250 nm and 72-74% at 465 nm) and of chemical oxygen demand levels (74 to 81%) after 10 days of incubation. Laccase (Lac), lignin (Lip) and manganese peroxidases (MnP) expression varied among fungal species, where Lac and LiP activities were correlated with the degradation of organic compounds in the effluent treated with P. sajor caju. The first two axes of a principal component analysis explained 88.9% of the total variation among sub-samples treated with the four fungus species, after different incubation periods. All the variables measured contributed positively to the first component except for the MnP enzyme activity which was the only variable contributing negatively to the first component. Absorbances at 465 nm, LiP and Lac enzyme activities were the variables with more weight on the second component. P. sajor caju revealed to be the only species able to perform the biological treatment without promoting an increment in the toxicity of the effluent to the Vibrio fischeri, as it was assessed by the Microtox assay. The opposite was recorded for the treatments with the other three species of fungus. EC(50-5 min) values ranging between 28 and 57% (effluent concentrations) were recorded even after 10 to 13 days of treatment with P. chrysosporium, R. oryzae or with T. versicolor.

Wensheng Qin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative study of genome wide plant biomass degrading cazymes in white rot brown rot and soft rot Fungi
    Mycology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ayyappa Kumar Sista Kameshwar, Wensheng Qin
    Abstract:

    We have conducted a genome-level comparative study of basidiomycetes wood-rotting Fungi (white, brown and soft rot) to understand the total plant biomass (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pecti...

  • Comparative study of genome-wide plant biomass-degrading CAZymes in white rot, brown rot and soft rot Fungi
    2018
    Co-Authors: Ayyappa Kumar Sista Kameshwar, Wensheng Qin
    Abstract:

    We have conducted a genome-level comparative study of basidiomycetes wood-rotting Fungi (white, brown and soft rot) to understand the total plant biomass (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) -degrading abilities. We have retrieved the genome-level annotations of well-known 14 white rot Fungi, 15 brown rot Fungi and 13 soft rot Fungi. Based on the previous literature and the annotations obtained from CAZy (carbohydrate-active enzyme) database, we have separated the genome-wide CAZymes of the selected Fungi into lignin-, cellulose-, hemicellulose- and pectin-degrading enzymes. Results obtained in our study reveal that white rot Fungi, especially Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus potentially possess high ligninolytic ability, and soft rot Fungi, especially Botryosphaeria dothidea and Fusarium oxysporum sp., potentially possess high cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic and pectinolytic abilities. The total number of genes encoding for cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and metabolic processes were high in soft and white rot Fungi. We have tentatively calculated the overall lignocellulolytic abilities among the selected wood-rotting Fungi which suggests that white rot Fungi possess higher lignin and soft rot Fungi potentially possess higher cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic and pectinolytic abilities. This approach can be applied industrially to efficiently find lignocellulolytic and aromatic compound-degrading Fungi based on their genomic abilities.

Katharina Plaschkies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • natural durability of important european wood species against wood decay Fungi part 2 field tests and fungal community
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kordula Jacobs, Eckhard Melcher, Katharina Plaschkies, Wolfram Scheiding, B Weis, E Conti, A Fojutowski, Le I Bayon
    Abstract:

    Abstract The durability classes (DC) of heartwood from Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and European larch (Larix decidua) were investigated by in-ground field tests according to EN 350 and EN 252. Tests were performed at five different European field sites. The performance of larch and oak was equal at all fields, resulting in the same average lifetime and DC values at each location. However, basidiomycete lab tests provided completely different durability values, for instance DC 1 for oak and DC 5 for larch. Additionally, the spectrum of Fungi was analyzed at pine and beech stakes every half year, over a period of three years, using morphological methods and DNA analysis. The decay was mainly caused by white and soft rot Fungi at all five test fields. The mycoflora was influenced by the wood species and the analyzed areas of the exposed specimens. The highest number of fungal species was found in the earth/air transition zone. A total of 98 Fungi from 77 genera were detected, whereby not all of them were previously classified as wood degrading Fungi.

  • investigations on natural durability of important european wood species against wood decay Fungi part 1 laboratory tests
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Katharina Plaschkies, Kordula Jacobs, Wolfram Scheiding, Eckhard Melcher
    Abstract:

    Abstract The durability of heartwood from European larch, Sessile oak and Scots pine was tested in laboratory against wood decay basidiomycetes and soft rot. The durability test was performed according to CEN/TS 15083-1:2005 with Coniophora puteana , Oligoporus ( Poria ) placenta and Trametes ( Coriolus ) versicolor . CEN/TS 15083-2:2005 was applied in order to test the timber with a bioactive soil substrate against soil rotting organisms. For Sessile oak, a very high durability against basidiomycetes (DC 1) was found in contrast to a low durability (DC 4) against soft rot Fungi. Furthermore the results indicated that the durability of European larch and Scots pine is slightly deteriorated after leaching according to EN 84:1997 . Beside this a minor influence of raw density on mass loss was detected for larch.

Kordula Jacobs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • natural durability of important european wood species against wood decay Fungi part 2 field tests and fungal community
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kordula Jacobs, Eckhard Melcher, Katharina Plaschkies, Wolfram Scheiding, B Weis, E Conti, A Fojutowski, Le I Bayon
    Abstract:

    Abstract The durability classes (DC) of heartwood from Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and European larch (Larix decidua) were investigated by in-ground field tests according to EN 350 and EN 252. Tests were performed at five different European field sites. The performance of larch and oak was equal at all fields, resulting in the same average lifetime and DC values at each location. However, basidiomycete lab tests provided completely different durability values, for instance DC 1 for oak and DC 5 for larch. Additionally, the spectrum of Fungi was analyzed at pine and beech stakes every half year, over a period of three years, using morphological methods and DNA analysis. The decay was mainly caused by white and soft rot Fungi at all five test fields. The mycoflora was influenced by the wood species and the analyzed areas of the exposed specimens. The highest number of fungal species was found in the earth/air transition zone. A total of 98 Fungi from 77 genera were detected, whereby not all of them were previously classified as wood degrading Fungi.

  • investigations on natural durability of important european wood species against wood decay Fungi part 1 laboratory tests
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Katharina Plaschkies, Kordula Jacobs, Wolfram Scheiding, Eckhard Melcher
    Abstract:

    Abstract The durability of heartwood from European larch, Sessile oak and Scots pine was tested in laboratory against wood decay basidiomycetes and soft rot. The durability test was performed according to CEN/TS 15083-1:2005 with Coniophora puteana , Oligoporus ( Poria ) placenta and Trametes ( Coriolus ) versicolor . CEN/TS 15083-2:2005 was applied in order to test the timber with a bioactive soil substrate against soil rotting organisms. For Sessile oak, a very high durability against basidiomycetes (DC 1) was found in contrast to a low durability (DC 4) against soft rot Fungi. Furthermore the results indicated that the durability of European larch and Scots pine is slightly deteriorated after leaching according to EN 84:1997 . Beside this a minor influence of raw density on mass loss was detected for larch.