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Manuel Tejada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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production of biostimulants from okara through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with bacillus licheniformis comparative effect on Soil Biological Properties
Environmental Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Angel Orts, Teresa Hernández, Manuel Tejada, Carlos Garcia, Juan Parrado, Patricia Paneque, Isidoro GomezparralesAbstract:In this work okara (OK), a by-product of soy milk manufacturing, is submitted to an enzymatic hydrolysis and a fermentative process to produce different Soil biostimulants (BS): EH, hydrolysate obtained by the enzymatic process; FHEB, fermentation broth with Bacillus licheniformis and the enzymes secreted during the fermentation; FHE, fermentation broth without bacteria and FH, the FHE hydrolysate in which enzymes were denatured. Enzymatic hydrolysates showed a different chemical composition compared with fermented hydrolysates and OK. It had a higher protein concentration as well as C, P and K. The proteins of OK were converted into peptides with a lower molecular weight, the fermented hydrolysates being those with the lowest molecular weight profile. The influences of hydrolysates and OK were tested in Soil, finding that β-glucosidase, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities were stimulated by every treatment. However, it was observed that EH produced a greater stimulation of dehydrogenase and phosphatase than both OK and fermented BS. The bacterial and fungal phospholipid fatty acids were also higher in Soils amended with BS than those of the control and Soils with OK. It has also been found that β-glucosidase, phosphatase and microbial biomass were dose-dependent in every treatment, but dehydrogenase only was dose-dependent in EH and OK treatments.
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obtaining edaphic biostimulants biofertilizers from different sewage sludges effects on Soil Biological Properties
Environmental Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Bruno Rodriguezmorgado, Isidoro Gómez, A M Garciamartinez, Juan Parrado, C A Aragon, Manuel TejadaAbstract:We studied the influence of six edaphic biostimulants/biofertilizers (BSs) manufactured by the pH-stat method from different sewage sludge (SS): SS1 (an anaerobic mature sludge, one year old), SS2 (an aerobic young sludge, without maturation) and SS3 (an aerobic mature sludge, four months old), not previously autoclaved (A) and autoclaved (B), by analysing their effects on Soil Biological Properties. Soil enzymatic activities were measured at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of the incubation period, whereas the 16S rDNA-DGGE profiles were determined at 0, 5 and 60 days. The enzymatic activities were significantly stimulated. The highest stimulation was found in the B2 treatment followed by B3, A2, A3, B1 and A1 treatments. Increasing the number of lower molecular weight proteins in the BS enhances the stimulation of Soil enzymatic activities. The application of BS caused at 5 days of the incubation period temporal variations in the Soil bacterial community structure.
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effects of crushed maize straw residues on Soil Biological Properties and Soil restoration
Land Degradation & Development, 2014Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, C BenitezAbstract:Agriculture Soils in the Mediterranean need restoration and rehabilitation after 10 millenia of use and abuse. Maize straw residues crushed at three sizes [ 10 cm (C3)] at 5 Mg ha−1 y−1 and with and without urea (150 kg N ha−1) were applied during a period of 3 years for the purpose of restoration of a Typic Xerofluvent located near Cordoba (Spain). The effect on the vegetal cover and Biological Properties (microbial biomass, Soil respiration and enzymatic activities) were determined. The size of the crushed maize residues (particle size <1 cm) and N supply influenced in the evolution of Soil Biological Properties and vegetal cover. The stimulation of microbial biomass, Soil respiration, dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities was higher in C1 + N-amended Soils for 14·9%, 16·3%, 8·8%, 24·3%, 13·5%, 7·1% and 10·3%, respectively, compared with C2 + N and for 25·8%, 26·9%, 18·3%, 38·5%, 28·2%, 19·1% and 18·3%, respectively, compared with C3 + N. Vegetal cover from the C1 + N treatment was 11·4%, 17·8%, 29·4%, 37·6%, 44·9% and 75·1% greater than that in C2 + N, C3 + N, C1, C2, C3 and control Soil. These results suggested that under dry climatic conditions, the application of crushed maize straw finely crushed + N fertilizers improved the Soil Biological Properties and also favour the appearance of spontaneous vegetation, which will protect the Soil and will contribute to its restoration. Consequently, the addition of the crushed maize straw finely crushed + N fertilizers may be considered a good environmental strategy for recovery of degraded Soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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behavior of oxyfluorfen in Soils amended with different sources of organic matter effects on Soil biology
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Isidoro Gómez, Teresa Hernández, C Garcia, Juan Parrado, Bruno Rodriguezmorgado, Manuel TejadaAbstract:Abstract We performed a laboratory study on the effect of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 4 l ha−1 on Biological Properties of a Soil amended with four organic wastes (two biostimulants/biofertilizers, obtained from rice bran, RB1 and RB2; municipal solid waste, MSW; and sheep manure, SM). Soil was mixed with SM at a rate of 1%, MSW at a rate of 0.52%, RB1 at a rate of 0.39% and RB2 at a rate of 0.30%, in order to apply the same amount of organic matter to the Soil. The enzymatic activities and microbial community in the Soil were determined during the incubation times. The application of RB1 and RB2 to Soil without oxyfluorfen increased the enzymatic activities and biodiversity, peaking at day 10 of the incubation period. This stimulation was higher in the Soil amended with RB2 than in that amended with RB1. In SM and CF-amended Soils, the stimulation of enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity increased during the experiment. The application of herbicide in organic-amended Soils decreased the inhibition of Soil enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity. Possibly the low molecular weight protein content easily assimilated by Soil microorganisms and the higher fat content in the biostimulants/biofertilizers are responsible for the lower inhibition of these Soil Biological Properties.
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behaviour of oxyfluorfen in Soils amended with edaphic biostimulants biofertilizers obtained from sewage sludge and chicken feathers effects on Soil Biological Properties
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014Co-Authors: Bruno Rodriguezmorgado, Isidoro Gómez, Juan Parrado, Manuel TejadaAbstract:We studied the behaviour of oxyfluorfen herbicide at a rate of 4 l ha−1 on Biological Properties of a Calcaric Regosol amended with two edaphic biostimulants/biofertilizers (SS, derived from sewage sludge; and CF, derived from chicken feathers). Oxyfluorfen was surface broadcast on 11 March 2013. Two days after application of oxyfluorfen to Soil, both biostimulants/biofertilizers (BS) were also applied to the Soil. An unamended Soil without oxyfluorfen was used as control. For 2, 4, 7, 9, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of the application of herbicide to the Soil and for each treatment, the Soil dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were measured. For 2, 7, 30 and 120 days of the application of herbicide to the Soil and for each treatment, Soil microbial community was determined. The application of both BS to Soil without the herbicide increased the enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity, mainly at 7 days of beginning the experiment. However, this stimulation was higher in the Soil amended with SS than for CF. The application of herbicide in organic-amended Soils decreased the inhibition of Soil enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity. Possibly, the low-molecular-weight protein content easily assimilated by Soil microorganisms is responsible for less inhibition of these Soil Biological Properties.
C Garcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavior of oxyfluorfen in Soils amended with different sources of organic matter effects on Soil biology
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Isidoro Gómez, Teresa Hernández, C Garcia, Juan Parrado, Bruno Rodriguezmorgado, Manuel TejadaAbstract:Abstract We performed a laboratory study on the effect of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 4 l ha−1 on Biological Properties of a Soil amended with four organic wastes (two biostimulants/biofertilizers, obtained from rice bran, RB1 and RB2; municipal solid waste, MSW; and sheep manure, SM). Soil was mixed with SM at a rate of 1%, MSW at a rate of 0.52%, RB1 at a rate of 0.39% and RB2 at a rate of 0.30%, in order to apply the same amount of organic matter to the Soil. The enzymatic activities and microbial community in the Soil were determined during the incubation times. The application of RB1 and RB2 to Soil without oxyfluorfen increased the enzymatic activities and biodiversity, peaking at day 10 of the incubation period. This stimulation was higher in the Soil amended with RB2 than in that amended with RB1. In SM and CF-amended Soils, the stimulation of enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity increased during the experiment. The application of herbicide in organic-amended Soils decreased the inhibition of Soil enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity. Possibly the low molecular weight protein content easily assimilated by Soil microorganisms and the higher fat content in the biostimulants/biofertilizers are responsible for the lower inhibition of these Soil Biological Properties.
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Soil restoration using composted plant residues effects on Soil Properties
Soil & Tillage Research, 2009Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, M T Hernandez, C GarciaAbstract:Abstract Organic Soil amendments are increasingly being examined for their potential for Soil restoration. In this paper, different composted plant residues consisting of leguminous (red clover, Trifolium pratense L.) (TP) and non-leguminous (rapeseed, Brassica napus L.) (BN) plants and the combination of both plant residues (red clover + rapeseed, Trifolium pratense L. + Brassica napus L. at a ratio 1:1) (TP + BN) were applied during a period of 4 years for restoring a Xelloric Calciorthid Soil located near Seville (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain). The effect of the organic Soil amendments on plant cover, Soil physical (structural stability, bulk density), chemical (C/N ratio), and Biological Properties (microbial biomass, Soil respiration and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities)) were determined. Organic amendments were applied at rate of 7.2 and 14.4 t organic matter ha −1 . All composted plant residues had a positive effect on Soil physical Properties. At the end of the experimental period and at the high rate, Soil structural stability was highest in the BN (28.3%) treatment, followed by the TP + BN (22.4%) and the TP (14.5%) treatments and then the control. Soil bulk density was higher in the BN (30.9%), followed by TP + BN (26.2%) and TP (16.1%) treatments with respect to the control. However, Soil Biological Properties (biomass C and the enzymatic activities) were particularly improved by the TP + BN treatment, followed by TP, BN and the control. After 4 years, the percentage of plant cover increased 87.2% in the TP + BN amended Soil with respect to the control, followed by TP (84.1%) and BN (83.8%). These differences were attributed to the different chemical composition of the composts applied to the Soils and their mineralization, controlled by the Soil C/N ratio. The application of TP + BN compost with a C/N ratio of 18, resulted a more favourable Soil Biological Properties and plant cover than the application of TP (C/N ratio = 8.8) and BN (C/N ratio = 47.7) composts.
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application of two organic amendments on Soil restoration effects on the Soil Biological Properties
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, M T Hernandez, C GarciaAbstract:One method for recovering degraded Soils in semiarid regions is to add organic matter to improve Soil characteristics, thereby enhancing biogeochemical nutrient cycling. In this paper, we studied the changes in Soil Biological Properties as a result of adding a crushed cotton gin compost (CCGC) and a poultry manure (PM) for 4 yr to restore a Xerollic Calciorthid located near Seville (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain). Organic wastes were applied at rates of 5, 7.5, and 10 Mg organic matter ha -1 . One year after the assay began, spontaneous vegetation had appeared in the treated plots, particularly in that receiving a high PM and CCGC dose. After 4 yr, the plant cover in these treated plots was around 88 and 79%, respectively, compared with 5% for the control. The effects on Soil microbial biomass and six Soil enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, BBA-protease, b-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, and alkaline phosphatase activities) were ascertained. Both added organic wastes had a positive effect on the Biological Properties of the Soil, although at the end of the experimental period and at high dosage, Soil microbial biomass and Soil enzyme activities were generally higher in the PM-amended Soils compared to the CCGC-amended Soils. Enzyme activity from the PM-amended Soil was 5,15,13,19, 22, 30, and 6% greater than CCGC-amended Soil for Soil microbial biomass, urease, BBA-protease, β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and dehydrogenase activities, respectively. After 4 yr, the percentage of plant cover was >48% in all treated plots and 5% in the control.
J L Gonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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application of two vermicomposts on a rice crop effects on Soil Biological Properties and rice quality and yield
Agronomy Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, J L GonzalezAbstract:Vermicomposts have been considered as a Soil additive to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers because they provide required nutrients, increase cation exchange capacity, and improve water-holding capacity. However, the effect of each vermicompost on Soil Properties and crop yield depends on its chemical composition. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of incorporating two vermicomposts of different chemical nature (cow dung, CD; and green forages, GF) at rates of 3 and 6 t C ha -1 , respectively, on Soil Biological Properties (Soil microbial biomass, Soil respiration and Soil enzymatic activities), Soil humus-enzymes complexes, nutrition (N, P, and K plant contents, pigments, and leaf soluble carbohydrate concentrations), and yield parameters of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Puntal) over 3 yr on an Aquic Xerofluvent located near Seville, Spain. Vermicomposts had a positive effect on the Soil Biological Properties and rice quality and yield parameters with respect to the no-vermicompost-amended Soil, although at the end of the experimental period and at the high organic matter rate, the Soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities increased more in the CD-amended Soils compared with the GF-amended Soils (20.8, 12.8, 16.9, 17.6, 15.3, and 15.1%, respectively). However, the results obtained in the Soil humus-enzymes complexes indicate that the highest values were found in the GF- compared with CD-amended Soils. This increase in Soil Biological Properties produced an increase in the plant nutrition, which increased rice quality and yield. The application of CD increased the grain protein concentration (5.6%), the grain starch concentration (7.8%), the percentage of full grains (3.1%), and the rice yield (7.9%) compared with the GF-amended Soils. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the two vermicomposts influenced the Soil Biological Properties, and therefore in the rice yield parameters. For both vermi-composts, the application of CD originated an increase in the Soil Biological Properties and also in the rice yield parameters than did application ofGF.
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effects of different green manures on Soil Biological Properties and maize yield
Bioresource Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, J L Gonzalez, A M Garciamartinez, Juan ParradoAbstract:Abstract The utilization of green manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers is considered a good agricultural practice. However, the effect of each green manure on Soil Properties and crop yield depends upon its chemical composition. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of incorporating three green manures originating from residues of Trifolium pratense , L. (TP), Brassica napus , L. (BN), and the mixture of TP + BN at rates of 5384 and 8973 kg C ha −1 , on Soil Biological Properties (Soil microbial biomass-C, Soil respiration and Soil enzymatic activities), nutrition (leaf N, P and K concentration, pigments and soluble carbohydrate concentrations) and yield parameters of maize ( Zea mays cv. Tundra) crop for four years on an Typic Xerofluvent located near Sevilla (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain). All green manures had a positive effect on the Soil Biological Properties, plant nutrition an crop yield parameters, although at the end of the experimental period and at the high organic matter rate, the Soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities increased more significantly in the TP amended Soils (79.2%, 92.1%, 93.9%, 99.3%, 87.9% and 96%, respectively) respect to the control Soil, followed by TP + BN amended Soils (77.3%, 90.9%, 92.8%, 99.1%, 84.4% and 95.7%, respectively) and BN amended Soils (76%, 90.1%, 91.7%, 99%, 83.2% and 95.2%, respectively). Since these Soil enzymatic activities measured are responsible for important cycles such as C, N, P and S, an increase of leaf N, P an K contents and pigments and soluble carbohydrate contents were highest in TP amended Soils, followed by TP + BN and BN treatments. The application of TP in Soils at high doses increased the grain protein concentration, number of grains corncob −1 and crop yield 44.6%, 6.3% and 22.1%, respectively, compared with the control Soil, followed by TP + BN treatment (41.7%, 5.7% and 20.8%, respectively) and BN treatment (39%, 5.3% and 20%, respectively). The explanation of these results can be a consequence to the different chemical composition of the green manures applied to the Soils and its mineralization, aspect controlled by the Soil C/N ratio.
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crushed cotton gin compost on Soil Biological Properties and rice yield
European Journal of Agronomy, 2006Co-Authors: J L GonzalezAbstract:Abstract This study presents an account of Soil quality parameters and rice ( Oriza sativa cv. Puntal) yields as influenced by applying an organic waste (crushed cotton gin compost, CC). Such information is desirable for determining the suitability of renewable energy resources such as organic wastes as replacements for synthetic fertilizers. However, CC has low N levels. For this reason, some authors suggest co-applying mineral fertilizers to provide the nutrients plant requires in the early stages of development. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of incorporating CC at rates of 10, 15 and 20 t ha −1 with and without inorganic fertilizers on Soil Biological Properties (Soil microbial biomass, Soil respiration and Soil enzymatic activities), nutrition (pigments and leaf soluble carbohydrate concentrations) and yield parameters of rice ( O. sativa cv. Puntal) crop for three years on an Aquic Xerofluvent located near Sevilla (Spain). Soil Biological Properties increased when CC was applied with inorganic fertilizers. Since Soil enzymatic activities measured are responsible for important cycles such as C, N, P and S, an increase of leaf soluble carbohydrate contents and pigments were observed, and better rice yield parameters were obtained for Soils treated with CC + inorganic fertilizers. Yield parameters of the third experimental season were better than those of the second and first experimental season, due to the residual effect of the organic matter after their application in the first season. The application of CC + inorganic fertilizers in Soils increased the grain protein concentration (18%), the grain starch concentration (7%), the percentage of full grains (3%) and the rice yield (5%) with respect to the application of CC without inorganic fertilizers in Soils.
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crushed cotton gin compost effects on Soil Biological Properties nutrient leaching losses and maize yield
Agronomy Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, J L GonzalezAbstract:There is currently interest in the use of industrial by-products to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers; however, most organic wastes contain relatively low N levels. Our objectives were to: (i) determine the effect of incorporating crushed cotton gin compost, with and without inorganic fertilizers, on Soil Biological Properties during three maize crops (Zea mays L., cv. Tundra); (ii) study nutrient leaching losses from Soils receiving these fertilizer treatments; and (iii) to evaluate the effect of these fertilizer treatments on nutrition and yield of a maize crop. Compost was applied at 0, 20, and 40 t ha -1 rates with and without 400 kg N ha -1 (as NH 4 NO 3 ), 80 kg P ha -1 [as (NH 4 )H 2 PO 4 ], and 120 kg K ha -1 (as K 2 SO 4 ) on a Typic Xerofluvent located near Sevilla (Andalusia, Spain) for 3 yr. At the end of the study, Soil microbial biomass was 32% higher in the treatment including inorganic fertilizer than in the compost-only treatment. Soil biochemical Properties were greater in the fertilizer treatment than the compost-only treatment (by 61, 50, 36, and 32% for dehydrogenase, N-a-benzoyl-L-argininamide protease, arylsulfatase, and phosphatase activities). Macronutrient losses were greatest iii the treatment including inorganic fertilizer, where increases of 24% for inorganic N, 31% for P, and 18.5% for K over the compost treatment were noted. Lowest N/P ratios were produced by the treatment including inorganic fertilizer, which suggest a lower eutrophication risk in drainage waters from Soils treated with this fertilizer. The mineral nutrition, grain protein, and maize yield indicate that the compost plus inorganic fertilizer is adequate and has a good potential for use.
Paul Mader - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil Amendment with Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0: Lasting Effects on Soil Biological Properties in Soils Low in Microbial Biomass and Activity
Microbial Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Andreas Fliessbach, Manuel Winkler, Matthias P. Lutz, Hansrudolf Oberholzer, Paul MaderAbstract:Pseudomonas fluorescens strains are used in agriculture as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Nontarget effects of released organisms should be analyzed prior to their large-scale use, and methods should be available to sensitively detect possible changes in the environments the organism is released to. According to ecological theory, microbial communities with a greater diversity should be less susceptible to disturbance by invading organisms. Based on this principle, we laid out a pot experiment with field-derived Soils different in their microbial biomass and activity due to long-term management on similar parent geological material (loess). We investigated the survival of P. fluorescens CHA0 that carried a resistance toward rifampicine and the duration of potential changes of the Soil microflora caused by the inoculation with the bacterium at the sowing date of spring wheat. Soil microbial biomass ( C _mic, N _mic) basal Soil respiration (BR), q CO_2, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), bacterial plate counts, mycorrhiza root colonization, and community level substrate utilization were analyzed after 18 and 60 days. At the initial stage, Soils were clearly different with respect to most of the parameters measured, and a time-dependent effect between the first and the second set point were attributable to wheat growth and the influence of roots. The effect of the inoculum was small and merely transient, though significant long-term changes were found in Soils with a relatively low level of microbial biomass. Community level substrate utilization as an indicator of changes in microbial community structure was mainly changed by the growth of wheat, while other experimental factors were negligible. The sensitivity of the applied methods to distinguish the experimental Soils was in decreasing order N _mic, DHA, C _mic, and q CO_2. Besides the selective enumeration of P. fluorescens CHA0 rif^+, which was only found in amended Soils, methods to distinguish the inoculum effect were DHA, C _mic, and the ratio of C _mic to N _mic. The sampling time was most sensitively indicated by N _mic, DHA, C _mic, and q CO_2. Our data support the hypothesis—based on ecosystem theory—that a rich microflora is buffering changes due to invading species. In other words, a Soil-derived bacterium was more effective in a relatively poor Soil than in Soils that are rich in microorganisms.
Juan Parrado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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production of biostimulants from okara through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with bacillus licheniformis comparative effect on Soil Biological Properties
Environmental Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Angel Orts, Teresa Hernández, Manuel Tejada, Carlos Garcia, Juan Parrado, Patricia Paneque, Isidoro GomezparralesAbstract:In this work okara (OK), a by-product of soy milk manufacturing, is submitted to an enzymatic hydrolysis and a fermentative process to produce different Soil biostimulants (BS): EH, hydrolysate obtained by the enzymatic process; FHEB, fermentation broth with Bacillus licheniformis and the enzymes secreted during the fermentation; FHE, fermentation broth without bacteria and FH, the FHE hydrolysate in which enzymes were denatured. Enzymatic hydrolysates showed a different chemical composition compared with fermented hydrolysates and OK. It had a higher protein concentration as well as C, P and K. The proteins of OK were converted into peptides with a lower molecular weight, the fermented hydrolysates being those with the lowest molecular weight profile. The influences of hydrolysates and OK were tested in Soil, finding that β-glucosidase, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities were stimulated by every treatment. However, it was observed that EH produced a greater stimulation of dehydrogenase and phosphatase than both OK and fermented BS. The bacterial and fungal phospholipid fatty acids were also higher in Soils amended with BS than those of the control and Soils with OK. It has also been found that β-glucosidase, phosphatase and microbial biomass were dose-dependent in every treatment, but dehydrogenase only was dose-dependent in EH and OK treatments.
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obtaining edaphic biostimulants biofertilizers from different sewage sludges effects on Soil Biological Properties
Environmental Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Bruno Rodriguezmorgado, Isidoro Gómez, A M Garciamartinez, Juan Parrado, C A Aragon, Manuel TejadaAbstract:We studied the influence of six edaphic biostimulants/biofertilizers (BSs) manufactured by the pH-stat method from different sewage sludge (SS): SS1 (an anaerobic mature sludge, one year old), SS2 (an aerobic young sludge, without maturation) and SS3 (an aerobic mature sludge, four months old), not previously autoclaved (A) and autoclaved (B), by analysing their effects on Soil Biological Properties. Soil enzymatic activities were measured at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of the incubation period, whereas the 16S rDNA-DGGE profiles were determined at 0, 5 and 60 days. The enzymatic activities were significantly stimulated. The highest stimulation was found in the B2 treatment followed by B3, A2, A3, B1 and A1 treatments. Increasing the number of lower molecular weight proteins in the BS enhances the stimulation of Soil enzymatic activities. The application of BS caused at 5 days of the incubation period temporal variations in the Soil bacterial community structure.
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behavior of oxyfluorfen in Soils amended with different sources of organic matter effects on Soil biology
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Isidoro Gómez, Teresa Hernández, C Garcia, Juan Parrado, Bruno Rodriguezmorgado, Manuel TejadaAbstract:Abstract We performed a laboratory study on the effect of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 4 l ha−1 on Biological Properties of a Soil amended with four organic wastes (two biostimulants/biofertilizers, obtained from rice bran, RB1 and RB2; municipal solid waste, MSW; and sheep manure, SM). Soil was mixed with SM at a rate of 1%, MSW at a rate of 0.52%, RB1 at a rate of 0.39% and RB2 at a rate of 0.30%, in order to apply the same amount of organic matter to the Soil. The enzymatic activities and microbial community in the Soil were determined during the incubation times. The application of RB1 and RB2 to Soil without oxyfluorfen increased the enzymatic activities and biodiversity, peaking at day 10 of the incubation period. This stimulation was higher in the Soil amended with RB2 than in that amended with RB1. In SM and CF-amended Soils, the stimulation of enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity increased during the experiment. The application of herbicide in organic-amended Soils decreased the inhibition of Soil enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity. Possibly the low molecular weight protein content easily assimilated by Soil microorganisms and the higher fat content in the biostimulants/biofertilizers are responsible for the lower inhibition of these Soil Biological Properties.
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behaviour of oxyfluorfen in Soils amended with edaphic biostimulants biofertilizers obtained from sewage sludge and chicken feathers effects on Soil Biological Properties
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014Co-Authors: Bruno Rodriguezmorgado, Isidoro Gómez, Juan Parrado, Manuel TejadaAbstract:We studied the behaviour of oxyfluorfen herbicide at a rate of 4 l ha−1 on Biological Properties of a Calcaric Regosol amended with two edaphic biostimulants/biofertilizers (SS, derived from sewage sludge; and CF, derived from chicken feathers). Oxyfluorfen was surface broadcast on 11 March 2013. Two days after application of oxyfluorfen to Soil, both biostimulants/biofertilizers (BS) were also applied to the Soil. An unamended Soil without oxyfluorfen was used as control. For 2, 4, 7, 9, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of the application of herbicide to the Soil and for each treatment, the Soil dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were measured. For 2, 7, 30 and 120 days of the application of herbicide to the Soil and for each treatment, Soil microbial community was determined. The application of both BS to Soil without the herbicide increased the enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity, mainly at 7 days of beginning the experiment. However, this stimulation was higher in the Soil amended with SS than for CF. The application of herbicide in organic-amended Soils decreased the inhibition of Soil enzymatic activities and Soil biodiversity. Possibly, the low-molecular-weight protein content easily assimilated by Soil microorganisms is responsible for less inhibition of these Soil Biological Properties.
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application of mcpa herbicide on Soils amended with biostimulants short time effects on Soil Biological Properties
Chemosphere, 2010Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, Isidoro Gómez, A M Garciamartinez, Juan ParradoAbstract:In this paper we studied in the laboratory the effect of MCPA herbicide at a rate of 1.5lha(-1) (manufactures rate recommended) on Biological Properties of a Plagic Antrosol amended with four biostimulants (WCDS, wheat condensed distillers soluble; PA-HE, hydrolyzed poultry feathers; CGHE, carob germ enzymatic extract; and RB, rice bran extract). Seven hundred grams of Soil were mixed with WCDS at a rate of 10%, CGHE at a rate of 4.7%, PA-HE at a rate of 4.3%, and RB at a rate of 4.4%, respectively, in order to applying the same amount of organic matter to the Soil (16.38 g organic matter). An unamended polluted and amended non-polluted Soil were used as control. For all treatments, the Soil ergosterol, dehydrogenase, urease, and phosphatase activities were measured at two incubation times (0 and 60 d). The 16S rDNA-DGGE profiles in all treatments were determined at the beginning and end of the incubation period. The results indicated that at the end of the incubation period and compared with the control Soil, the dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase activities and ergosterol decreased 39.3%, 20%, 15.7% and 56.5%, respectively in the non-organic amended polluted Soil. The application of organic matter to unpolluted Soil increased the enzymatic activities and ergosterol. However, this stimulation was higher in the Soil amended with RB, followed by PA-HE, WCDS and CGHE. The application of herbicide in organic-amended Soils decreased the enzymatic activities and ergosterol content. However, this decrease was lower than for the non-amended herbicide polluted Soil. Possibly the low molecular weight protein content easily assimilated by Soil microorganisms and the adsorption capacity of humic substances are responsible for less inhibition of these enzyme activities and Soil ergosterol. The 16S rDNA-DGGE profiles indicated that herbicide did not negatively affect Soil bacterial biodiversity.