The Experts below are selected from a list of 13251 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthias C. Rillig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
How Soil Biota Drive Ecosystem Stability
Trends in plant science, 2018Co-Authors: Gaowen Yang, Cameron Wagg, Stavros D. Veresoglou, Stefan Hempel, Matthias C. RilligAbstract:High biodiversity aboveground tends to increase the stability of ecosystem functioning when faced with a changing environment. However, whether and how Soil Biota affect ecosystem stability is less clear. Here, we introduce a framework for understanding the effects of Soil Biota on variation in ecosystem functioning under environmental changes. We conclude that Soil Biota may be a neglected factor determining ecosystem stability through their direct and indirect effects on plant diversity, the net productivity of an ecosystem, and compensatory dynamics among plant species, and via altering ecosystem resistance and resilience. Furthermore, future research needs to consider that effects of Soil Biota on ecosystem stability will vary depending on extrinsic factors, and for a given perturbation and ecosystem function.
-
Evolutionary implications of microplastics for Soil Biota
Environmental Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Matthias C. Rillig, Anderson Abel De Souza Machado, Anika Lehmann, Uli KlumperAbstract:Environmental context Microplastic particles are increasingly recognised as human-caused pollutants in Soil with potential harmful effects on Soil microorganisms. Microplastics may also have evolutionary consequences for Soil microbes, because the particles may alter conditions in the Soil and hence selection pressures. Including an evolutionary perspective in an environmental assessment of microplastics could lead to new questions and novel insights into responses of Soil microbes to this anthropogenic stressor. Abstract Microplastic pollution is increasingly considered to be a factor of global change: in addition to aquatic ecosystems, this persistent contaminant is also found in terrestrial systems and Soils. Microplastics have been chiefly examined in Soils in terms of the presence and potential effects on Soil Biota. Given the persistence and widespread distribution of microplastics, it is also important to consider potential evolutionary implications of the presence of microplastics in Soil; we offer such a perspective for Soil microBiota. We discuss the range of selection pressures likely to act upon Soil microbes, highlight approaches for the study of evolutionary responses to microplastics, and present the obstacles to be overcome. Pondering the evolutionary consequences of microplastics in Soils can yield new insights into the effects of this group of pollutants, including establishing ‘true’ baselines in Soil ecology, and understanding future responses of Soil microbial populations and communities.
-
Soil Biota contributions to Soil aggregation
Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Anika Lehmann, Weishuang Zheng, Matthias C. RilligAbstract:Humankind depends on the sustainability of Soils for its survival and well-being. Threatened by a rapidly changing world, our Soils suffer from degradation and biodiversity loss, making it increasingly important to understand the role of Soil biodiversity in Soil aggregation—a key parameter for Soil sustainability. Here, we provide evidence of the contribution of Soil Biota to Soil aggregation on macro- and microaggregate scales, and evaluate how specific traits, Soil Biota groups and species interactions contribute to this. We conducted a global meta-analysis comprising 279 Soil Biota species. Our study shows a clear positive effect of Soil Biota on Soil aggregation, with bacteria and fungi generally appearing to be more important for Soil aggregation than Soil animals. Bacteria contribute strongly to both macro- and microaggregates while fungi strongly affect macroaggregation. Motility, body size and population density were important traits modulating effect sizes. Investigating species interactions across major taxonomic groups revealed their beneficial impact on Soil aggregation. At the broadest level, our results highlight the need to consider biodiversity as a causal factor in Soil aggregation. This will require a shift from the current management and physicochemical perspective to an approach that fully embraces the significance of Soil organisms, their diversity and interactions. The structuring of Soil into distinct aggregates is a key element in biogeochemical cycling. Here, a meta-analysis reveals a strong positive effect of Soil Biota on Soil aggregation, with the largest influence coming from bacteria and fungi.
-
Soil Biota contributions to Soil aggregation.
Nature ecology & evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Anika Lehmann, Weishuang Zheng, Matthias C. RilligAbstract:Humankind depends on the sustainability of Soils for its survival and well-being. Threatened by a rapidly changing world, our Soils suffer from degradation and biodiversity loss, making it increasingly important to understand the role of Soil biodiversity in Soil aggregation-a key parameter for Soil sustainability. Here, we provide evidence of the contribution of Soil Biota to Soil aggregation on macro- and microaggregate scales, and evaluate how specific traits, Soil Biota groups and species interactions contribute to this. We conducted a global meta-analysis comprising 279 Soil Biota species. Our study shows a clear positive effect of Soil Biota on Soil aggregation, with bacteria and fungi generally appearing to be more important for Soil aggregation than Soil animals. Bacteria contribute strongly to both macro- and microaggregates while fungi strongly affect macroaggregation. Motility, body size and population density were important traits modulating effect sizes. Investigating species interactions across major taxonomic groups revealed their beneficial impact on Soil aggregation. At the broadest level, our results highlight the need to consider biodiversity as a causal factor in Soil aggregation. This will require a shift from the current management and physicochemical perspective to an approach that fully embraces the significance of Soil organisms, their diversity and interactions.
-
Extinction risk of Soil Biota
Nature communications, 2015Co-Authors: Stavros D. Veresoglou, John M. Halley, Matthias C. RilligAbstract:No species lives on earth forever. Knowing when and why species go extinct is crucial for a complete understanding of the consequences of anthropogenic activity, and its impact on ecosystem functioning. Even though Soil Biota play a key role in maintaining the functioning of ecosystems, the vast majority of existing studies focus on aboveground organisms. Many questions about the fate of belowground organisms remain open, so the combined effort of theorists and applied ecologists is needed in the ongoing development of Soil extinction ecology.
Ragan M. Callaway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Soil Biota and non-native plant invasions.
Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 2020Co-Authors: Ragan M. Callaway, Jacob E. LuceroAbstract:Abstract The trajectory of plant invasions - for better or for worse - can be tied to interactions between plants and the Soil community. Here, we highlight five broad ways in which belowground interactions can influence the trajectory of biological invasions by non-native plant species. First, many non-native plant species in their non-native ranges can interact very differently with the resident Soil community than do native species. Second, non-native plant species often interact very differently with the Soil community in their non-native ranges than in their native ranges, which can result in enemy release from antagonistic interactions. Third, non-native plant species can cultivate a Soil community that disproportionately harms native competitors in invaded communities. Fourth, antagonistic Soil Biota in invaded communities can reduce the performance of non-native plant species, resulting in meaningful biotic resistance against invasion. Fifth, besides or in addition to antagonistic interactions with Soil Biota, Soil mutualisms can promote the success of invasive plant species (i) when mutualists co-invade with non-native plant species that require obligate specialist mutualists, (ii) when mutualists enhance the performance of non-native plant species in their non-native ranges, and (iii) when biotic interactions in the invaded community suppress the Soil mutualists of native plant species. We conclude that management practices aimed at manipulating plant - Soil interactions have considerable potential to help control plant invasions, but further work is needed to understand the spatial, temporal, taxonomic and biogeographic drivers of context dependence in interactions among plants and Soil Biota.
-
Intraspecific diversity buffers the inhibitory effects of Soil Biota.
Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Wenbo Luo, Ragan M. Callaway, Daniel Z. AtwaterAbstract:Plant community productivity can increase with increasing intraspecific genotypic diversity. Previous studies have attributed the genetic diversity-productivity pattern to differential resource use among genotypes, as many studies have found for species. But here we ask whether suppression of productivity at low intraspecific diversity by Soil Biota might also drive a positive diversity-productivity relationship. In a previous study, we manipulated genetic diversity by varying the number of Pseudoroegneria accessions growing together in common garden plots, and used Soil from that experiment to evaluate Soil feedbacks. The total biomass of P. spicata plants grown in unsterilized Soil increased with accession richness, specifically when comparing Soil that had contained plants from 3 accessions to Soil that had contained plants from either 8 or 12 population accessions. Furthermore, Soil from high-richness (8 or 12-accession) plots drove neutral feedbacks, whereas Soil in the 3-accession plots (3) drove negative feedbacks. However, within each level of richness, there was no relationship between relative yield and feedback. Our results suggest that Soil Biota might play an integral role in the emerging understanding of the relationship between intraspecific diversity and ecosystem productivity.
-
Do exotic plants lose resistance to pathogenic Soil Biota from their native range? A test with Solidago gigantea
Oecologia, 2015Co-Authors: John L Maron, Ragan M. Callaway, Wenbo Luo, Robert W. PalAbstract:Native plants commonly suffer from strong negative plant-Soil feedbacks. However, in their non-native ranges species often escape from these negative feedbacks, which indicates that these feedbacks are generated by at least partially specialized Soil Biota. If so, introduced plants might evolve the loss of resistance to pathogens in their former native range, as has been proposed for the loss of resistance to specialized herbivores. We compared the magnitude of plant-Soil feedbacks experienced by native and exotic genotypes of the perennial forb, Solidago gigantea. Feedbacks were assessed in Soil collected across 14 sites sampled across the western part of Solidago’s native range in the US. Both native and exotic genotypes of Solidago suffered consistently negative and broadly similar plant-Soil feedbacks when grown in North American Soil. Although there was substantial variation among Soils from different sites in the strength of feedbacks generated, the magnitude of feedbacks generated by North American genotypes of S. gigantea were strongly correlated with those produced in the same Soil by European genotypes. Our results indicate that Solidago experiences strong negative Soil feedbacks in native Soil and that introduced genotypes of Solidago have not lost resistance to these negative effects of Soil Biota. Both genotypic and landscape-level effects can be important sources of variation in the strength of plant-Soil feedbacks.
-
Inhibitory effects of Soil Biota are ameliorated by high plant diversity
Oecologia, 2015Co-Authors: Lixue Yang, John L Maron, Ragan M. CallawayAbstract:The idea that plant communities with high species diversity are more stable, productive, and resistant to invasion at small spatial scales has become an important ecological paradigm. Recently, the role of Soil Biota has emerged as a major driver of this relationship between plant species diversity and ecosystem function. In greenhouse experiments, we found that Soil collected from experimentally constructed species-rich plant assemblages (that originally contained between 10 and 16 species) promoted the growth of 4 native target plant species more than Soil from species-poor communities (that originally contained between 2 and 5 species). Sterilization of Soils from species-poor communities improved the growth of these target species more than sterilization of Soils from species-rich plant communities, indicative that inhibitory Soil Biota had greater negative impacts on plant growth in low versus high diversity Soils. These results suggest that strong Soil Biota effects in Soils do not simply accrue in experimental monocultures, but can occur in low diversity assemblages that are more realistic of what occurs in nature. Our findings suggest a mechanistic explanation for the diversity-productivity relationship, and further support the importance of inhibitory Soil Biota as significant contributors to spatial and temporal patterns of abundance in natural plant communities through negative plant-Soil feedback.
-
invasive plants escape from suppressive Soil Biota at regional scales
Journal of Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: John L Maron, John N Klironomos, Lauren P Waller, Ragan M. CallawayAbstract:Summary A prominent hypothesis for plant invasions is escape from the inhibitory effects of Soil Biota. Although the strength of these inhibitory effects, measured as Soil feedbacks, has been assessed between natives and exotics in non-native ranges, few studies have compared the strength of plant–Soil feedbacks for exotic species in Soils from non-native versus native ranges. We examined whether 6 perennial European forb species that are widespread invaders in North American grasslands (Centaurea stoebe, Euphorbia esula, Hypericum perforatum, Linaria vulgaris, Potentilla recta and Leucanthemum vulgare) experienced different suppressive effects of Soil Biota collected from 21 sites across both ranges. Four of the six species tested exhibited substantially reduced shoot biomass in ‘live’ versus sterile Soil from Europe. In contrast, North American Soils produced no significant feedbacks on any of the invasive species tested indicating a broad scale escape from the inhibitory effects of Soil Biota. Negative feedbacks generated by European Soil varied idiosyncratically among sites and species. Since this variation did not correspond with the presence of the target species at field sites, it suggests that negative feedbacks can be generated from Soil Biota that are widely distributed in native ranges in the absence of density-dependent effects. Synthesis. Our results show that for some invasives, native Soils have strong suppressive potential, whereas this is not the case in Soils from across the introduced range. Differences in regional-scale evolutionary history among plants and Soil Biota could ultimately help explain why some exotics are able to occur at higher abundance in the introduced versus native range.
Wenju Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
contributions of Soil Biota to c sequestration varied with aggregate fractions under different tillage systems
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Shixiu Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang, Wenju LiangAbstract:It is increasingly believed that substantial Soil organic carbon (SOC) can be sequestered in conservation tillage system by manipulating the functional groups of Soil Biota. Soil aggregates of different size provide diverse microhabitats for Soil Biota and consequently influence C sequestration. Our objective was to evaluate the contributions of Soil Biota induced by tillage systems to C sequestration among different aggregate size fractions. Soil microbial and nematode communities were examined within four aggregate fractions: large macroaggregates (>2 mm), macroaggregates (2e1 mm), small macroaggregates (1e0.25 mm) and microaggregates ( 1 mm aggregate fractions were different from those in 1m m aggregates, while more gram-positive bacteria and plant-parasitic nematodes might increase C accumulation within <1 mm aggregates. Our findings suggested that the increase in microbial biomass and nematode abundance and the alteration in their community composition at the micro-niche within aggregates could contribute to the higher C sequestration in conservation tillage systems (NT and RT). 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
Contributions of Soil Biota to C sequestration varied with aggregate fractions under different tillage systems
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Shixiu Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang, Wenju LiangAbstract:It is increasingly believed that substantial Soil organic carbon (SOC) can be sequestered in conservation tillage system by manipulating the functional groups of Soil Biota. Soil aggregates of different size provide diverse microhabitats for Soil Biota and consequently influence C sequestration. Our objective was to evaluate the contributions of Soil Biota induced by tillage systems to C sequestration among different aggregate size fractions. Soil microbial and nematode communities were examined within four aggregate fractions: large macroaggregates (>2 mm), macroaggregates (2e1 mm), small macroaggregates (1e0.25 mm) and microaggregates ( 1 mm aggregate fractions were different from those in 1m m aggregates, while more gram-positive bacteria and plant-parasitic nematodes might increase C accumulation within
Shixiu Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
contributions of Soil Biota to c sequestration varied with aggregate fractions under different tillage systems
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Shixiu Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang, Wenju LiangAbstract:It is increasingly believed that substantial Soil organic carbon (SOC) can be sequestered in conservation tillage system by manipulating the functional groups of Soil Biota. Soil aggregates of different size provide diverse microhabitats for Soil Biota and consequently influence C sequestration. Our objective was to evaluate the contributions of Soil Biota induced by tillage systems to C sequestration among different aggregate size fractions. Soil microbial and nematode communities were examined within four aggregate fractions: large macroaggregates (>2 mm), macroaggregates (2e1 mm), small macroaggregates (1e0.25 mm) and microaggregates ( 1 mm aggregate fractions were different from those in 1m m aggregates, while more gram-positive bacteria and plant-parasitic nematodes might increase C accumulation within <1 mm aggregates. Our findings suggested that the increase in microbial biomass and nematode abundance and the alteration in their community composition at the micro-niche within aggregates could contribute to the higher C sequestration in conservation tillage systems (NT and RT). 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
Contributions of Soil Biota to C sequestration varied with aggregate fractions under different tillage systems
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Shixiu Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang, Wenju LiangAbstract:It is increasingly believed that substantial Soil organic carbon (SOC) can be sequestered in conservation tillage system by manipulating the functional groups of Soil Biota. Soil aggregates of different size provide diverse microhabitats for Soil Biota and consequently influence C sequestration. Our objective was to evaluate the contributions of Soil Biota induced by tillage systems to C sequestration among different aggregate size fractions. Soil microbial and nematode communities were examined within four aggregate fractions: large macroaggregates (>2 mm), macroaggregates (2e1 mm), small macroaggregates (1e0.25 mm) and microaggregates ( 1 mm aggregate fractions were different from those in 1m m aggregates, while more gram-positive bacteria and plant-parasitic nematodes might increase C accumulation within
Anika Lehmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Evolutionary implications of microplastics for Soil Biota
Environmental Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Matthias C. Rillig, Anderson Abel De Souza Machado, Anika Lehmann, Uli KlumperAbstract:Environmental context Microplastic particles are increasingly recognised as human-caused pollutants in Soil with potential harmful effects on Soil microorganisms. Microplastics may also have evolutionary consequences for Soil microbes, because the particles may alter conditions in the Soil and hence selection pressures. Including an evolutionary perspective in an environmental assessment of microplastics could lead to new questions and novel insights into responses of Soil microbes to this anthropogenic stressor. Abstract Microplastic pollution is increasingly considered to be a factor of global change: in addition to aquatic ecosystems, this persistent contaminant is also found in terrestrial systems and Soils. Microplastics have been chiefly examined in Soils in terms of the presence and potential effects on Soil Biota. Given the persistence and widespread distribution of microplastics, it is also important to consider potential evolutionary implications of the presence of microplastics in Soil; we offer such a perspective for Soil microBiota. We discuss the range of selection pressures likely to act upon Soil microbes, highlight approaches for the study of evolutionary responses to microplastics, and present the obstacles to be overcome. Pondering the evolutionary consequences of microplastics in Soils can yield new insights into the effects of this group of pollutants, including establishing ‘true’ baselines in Soil ecology, and understanding future responses of Soil microbial populations and communities.
-
Soil Biota contributions to Soil aggregation
Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Anika Lehmann, Weishuang Zheng, Matthias C. RilligAbstract:Humankind depends on the sustainability of Soils for its survival and well-being. Threatened by a rapidly changing world, our Soils suffer from degradation and biodiversity loss, making it increasingly important to understand the role of Soil biodiversity in Soil aggregation—a key parameter for Soil sustainability. Here, we provide evidence of the contribution of Soil Biota to Soil aggregation on macro- and microaggregate scales, and evaluate how specific traits, Soil Biota groups and species interactions contribute to this. We conducted a global meta-analysis comprising 279 Soil Biota species. Our study shows a clear positive effect of Soil Biota on Soil aggregation, with bacteria and fungi generally appearing to be more important for Soil aggregation than Soil animals. Bacteria contribute strongly to both macro- and microaggregates while fungi strongly affect macroaggregation. Motility, body size and population density were important traits modulating effect sizes. Investigating species interactions across major taxonomic groups revealed their beneficial impact on Soil aggregation. At the broadest level, our results highlight the need to consider biodiversity as a causal factor in Soil aggregation. This will require a shift from the current management and physicochemical perspective to an approach that fully embraces the significance of Soil organisms, their diversity and interactions. The structuring of Soil into distinct aggregates is a key element in biogeochemical cycling. Here, a meta-analysis reveals a strong positive effect of Soil Biota on Soil aggregation, with the largest influence coming from bacteria and fungi.
-
Soil Biota contributions to Soil aggregation.
Nature ecology & evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Anika Lehmann, Weishuang Zheng, Matthias C. RilligAbstract:Humankind depends on the sustainability of Soils for its survival and well-being. Threatened by a rapidly changing world, our Soils suffer from degradation and biodiversity loss, making it increasingly important to understand the role of Soil biodiversity in Soil aggregation-a key parameter for Soil sustainability. Here, we provide evidence of the contribution of Soil Biota to Soil aggregation on macro- and microaggregate scales, and evaluate how specific traits, Soil Biota groups and species interactions contribute to this. We conducted a global meta-analysis comprising 279 Soil Biota species. Our study shows a clear positive effect of Soil Biota on Soil aggregation, with bacteria and fungi generally appearing to be more important for Soil aggregation than Soil animals. Bacteria contribute strongly to both macro- and microaggregates while fungi strongly affect macroaggregation. Motility, body size and population density were important traits modulating effect sizes. Investigating species interactions across major taxonomic groups revealed their beneficial impact on Soil aggregation. At the broadest level, our results highlight the need to consider biodiversity as a causal factor in Soil aggregation. This will require a shift from the current management and physicochemical perspective to an approach that fully embraces the significance of Soil organisms, their diversity and interactions.
