The Experts below are selected from a list of 11025 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anke M. Herrmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry — A new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology: A review article
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Jennifer Pett-ridge, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Anthony G. O'donnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Abstract Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Current techniques still lack the adequate sensitivity and resolution for data collection at the micro-scale, and the question ‘How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?’ is therefore challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes, which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is its ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution (down to 50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focussing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describes the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation, avoiding bias due to artefacts, and identification of regions-of-interest will be critical concerns if NanoSIMS is used as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high spatial and high mass resolution attainable with this new approach.
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nano scale secondary ion mass spectrometry a new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology a review article
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Jennifer Pettridge, Anthony G Odonnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Abstract Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Current techniques still lack the adequate sensitivity and resolution for data collection at the micro-scale, and the question ‘How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?’ is therefore challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes, which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is its ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution (down to 50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focussing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describes the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation, avoiding bias due to artefacts, and identification of regions-of-interest will be critical concerns if NanoSIMS is used as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high spatial and high mass resolution attainable with this new approach.
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Nano-Scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry - A new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology
2006Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Jennifer Pett-ridge, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Anthony G. O'donnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Due to a lack of techniques with adequate sensitivity for data collection at appropriate scales, the question 'How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?' is challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is the ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution ({approx}50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focusing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describesmore » the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation avoiding biases in the interpretation of NanoSIMS data due to artifacts and identification of regions-of interest are of most concerns in using NanoSIMS as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high resolving power attainable with this new approach.« less
Senyu Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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swine manure nematicides and long term tillage change Soil Ecology in corn and soybean production
Agronomy Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Zane J Grabau, Jeffrey A Vetsch, Senyu ChenAbstract:Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are important crops and a major part of the US landscape. Soybean and corn production practices influence Soil Ecology, and good Soil quality is essential for crop productivity. Fertilizer application, tillage, and pesticide application are foundational practices in these crops, and the nematode community is a useful indicator of changes in Soil Ecology. Therefore, the nematode community was assessed in a series of 2-yr experiments in corn and soybean production. Long-term conventional tillage and minimum tillage treatments were in place at the study site for 14 yr at the start of the study. Additional treatments were combinations of conventional fertilizers (N-P-K and N-P-K-S), liquid swine manure, and granular nematicide (aldicarb or terbufos). Manure application consistently and substantially increased bacterivore abundances compared with conventional fertilizers or untreated control, with effects continuing over a year after application. Bacterivores are resource opportunists, so this indicates that manure application enriched the Soil food web in ways that conventional fertilizers did not. Tillage also enriched the Soil food web, based on increased bacterivore and fungivore abundances, albeit inconsistently between rotations. Aldicarb nematicide was generally effective against plant-parasitic nematodes but also decreased abundances of nontarget free-living nematodes, albeit inconsistently. Omnivores and predators had relatively small abundances throughout the study, and neither tillage nor fertilizer application affected these nematodes. In summary, agricultural practices influenced Soil Ecology, and manure application had the strongest influence among the practices tested, shifting the food web to an enriched condition.
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influence of long term corn soybean crop sequences on Soil Ecology as indicated by the nematode community
Applied Soil Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Zane J Grabau, Senyu ChenAbstract:Abstract In the Midwestern United States, corn–soybean rotation is an essential agricultural practice, but relatively little is known about the impact of different corn–soybean cropping sequences on Soil Ecology. A long-term research site in Waseca, Minnesota was established in 1982 to study corn–soybean rotation. At the site, various corn–soybean crop sequences can be compared each year including corn and soybean in 1 to 5 years of monoculture and continuous monoculture of each crop. Additionally, granular nematicides (terbufos or aldicarb) have been applied to half of each plot since 2010 to minimize nematode populations, particularly plant-parasitic nematodes, across crop sequences. The nematode community, a sensitive indicator of changes in Soil Ecology, was assessed at this site to determine the impact of corn–soybean crop sequences and nematicide application on the Soil ecosystem. Nematicide application was effective against target nematodes, herbivores, but also impacted non-target nematodes and thus Soil Ecology. Nematicide application decreased fungivore and bacterivore populations, diversity, and maturity; but significantly increased enrichment compared to no nematicide application. The nematode community and thus Soil Ecology was significantly different in corn compared to soybean cropping systems and changed most during initial years after switching crops. Cropping systems in corn supported significantly greater fungivore populations, fungal decomposition pathways, more diversity, and a more mature ecosystem compared to soybean systems. Soybean systems supported significantly greater bacterivore populations and a more disturbed, enriched ecosystem. These differences between corn and soybean systems demonstrate that each crop has a distinct impact on the Soil ecosystem.
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Influence of long-term corn–soybean crop sequences on Soil Ecology as indicated by the nematode community
Applied Soil Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Zane J Grabau, Senyu ChenAbstract:Abstract In the Midwestern United States, corn–soybean rotation is an essential agricultural practice, but relatively little is known about the impact of different corn–soybean cropping sequences on Soil Ecology. A long-term research site in Waseca, Minnesota was established in 1982 to study corn–soybean rotation. At the site, various corn–soybean crop sequences can be compared each year including corn and soybean in 1 to 5 years of monoculture and continuous monoculture of each crop. Additionally, granular nematicides (terbufos or aldicarb) have been applied to half of each plot since 2010 to minimize nematode populations, particularly plant-parasitic nematodes, across crop sequences. The nematode community, a sensitive indicator of changes in Soil Ecology, was assessed at this site to determine the impact of corn–soybean crop sequences and nematicide application on the Soil ecosystem. Nematicide application was effective against target nematodes, herbivores, but also impacted non-target nematodes and thus Soil Ecology. Nematicide application decreased fungivore and bacterivore populations, diversity, and maturity; but significantly increased enrichment compared to no nematicide application. The nematode community and thus Soil Ecology was significantly different in corn compared to soybean cropping systems and changed most during initial years after switching crops. Cropping systems in corn supported significantly greater fungivore populations, fungal decomposition pathways, more diversity, and a more mature ecosystem compared to soybean systems. Soybean systems supported significantly greater bacterivore populations and a more disturbed, enriched ecosystem. These differences between corn and soybean systems demonstrate that each crop has a distinct impact on the Soil ecosystem.
Elizabeth A. Stockdale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry — A new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology: A review article
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Jennifer Pett-ridge, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Anthony G. O'donnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Abstract Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Current techniques still lack the adequate sensitivity and resolution for data collection at the micro-scale, and the question ‘How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?’ is therefore challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes, which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is its ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution (down to 50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focussing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describes the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation, avoiding bias due to artefacts, and identification of regions-of-interest will be critical concerns if NanoSIMS is used as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high spatial and high mass resolution attainable with this new approach.
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nano scale secondary ion mass spectrometry a new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology a review article
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Jennifer Pettridge, Anthony G Odonnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Abstract Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Current techniques still lack the adequate sensitivity and resolution for data collection at the micro-scale, and the question ‘How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?’ is therefore challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes, which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is its ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution (down to 50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focussing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describes the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation, avoiding bias due to artefacts, and identification of regions-of-interest will be critical concerns if NanoSIMS is used as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high spatial and high mass resolution attainable with this new approach.
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Nano-Scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry - A new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology
2006Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Jennifer Pett-ridge, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Anthony G. O'donnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Due to a lack of techniques with adequate sensitivity for data collection at appropriate scales, the question 'How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?' is challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is the ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution ({approx}50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focusing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describesmore » the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation avoiding biases in the interpretation of NanoSIMS data due to artifacts and identification of regions-of interest are of most concerns in using NanoSIMS as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high resolving power attainable with this new approach.« less
Zane J Grabau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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swine manure nematicides and long term tillage change Soil Ecology in corn and soybean production
Agronomy Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Zane J Grabau, Jeffrey A Vetsch, Senyu ChenAbstract:Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are important crops and a major part of the US landscape. Soybean and corn production practices influence Soil Ecology, and good Soil quality is essential for crop productivity. Fertilizer application, tillage, and pesticide application are foundational practices in these crops, and the nematode community is a useful indicator of changes in Soil Ecology. Therefore, the nematode community was assessed in a series of 2-yr experiments in corn and soybean production. Long-term conventional tillage and minimum tillage treatments were in place at the study site for 14 yr at the start of the study. Additional treatments were combinations of conventional fertilizers (N-P-K and N-P-K-S), liquid swine manure, and granular nematicide (aldicarb or terbufos). Manure application consistently and substantially increased bacterivore abundances compared with conventional fertilizers or untreated control, with effects continuing over a year after application. Bacterivores are resource opportunists, so this indicates that manure application enriched the Soil food web in ways that conventional fertilizers did not. Tillage also enriched the Soil food web, based on increased bacterivore and fungivore abundances, albeit inconsistently between rotations. Aldicarb nematicide was generally effective against plant-parasitic nematodes but also decreased abundances of nontarget free-living nematodes, albeit inconsistently. Omnivores and predators had relatively small abundances throughout the study, and neither tillage nor fertilizer application affected these nematodes. In summary, agricultural practices influenced Soil Ecology, and manure application had the strongest influence among the practices tested, shifting the food web to an enriched condition.
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influence of long term corn soybean crop sequences on Soil Ecology as indicated by the nematode community
Applied Soil Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Zane J Grabau, Senyu ChenAbstract:Abstract In the Midwestern United States, corn–soybean rotation is an essential agricultural practice, but relatively little is known about the impact of different corn–soybean cropping sequences on Soil Ecology. A long-term research site in Waseca, Minnesota was established in 1982 to study corn–soybean rotation. At the site, various corn–soybean crop sequences can be compared each year including corn and soybean in 1 to 5 years of monoculture and continuous monoculture of each crop. Additionally, granular nematicides (terbufos or aldicarb) have been applied to half of each plot since 2010 to minimize nematode populations, particularly plant-parasitic nematodes, across crop sequences. The nematode community, a sensitive indicator of changes in Soil Ecology, was assessed at this site to determine the impact of corn–soybean crop sequences and nematicide application on the Soil ecosystem. Nematicide application was effective against target nematodes, herbivores, but also impacted non-target nematodes and thus Soil Ecology. Nematicide application decreased fungivore and bacterivore populations, diversity, and maturity; but significantly increased enrichment compared to no nematicide application. The nematode community and thus Soil Ecology was significantly different in corn compared to soybean cropping systems and changed most during initial years after switching crops. Cropping systems in corn supported significantly greater fungivore populations, fungal decomposition pathways, more diversity, and a more mature ecosystem compared to soybean systems. Soybean systems supported significantly greater bacterivore populations and a more disturbed, enriched ecosystem. These differences between corn and soybean systems demonstrate that each crop has a distinct impact on the Soil ecosystem.
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Influence of long-term corn–soybean crop sequences on Soil Ecology as indicated by the nematode community
Applied Soil Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Zane J Grabau, Senyu ChenAbstract:Abstract In the Midwestern United States, corn–soybean rotation is an essential agricultural practice, but relatively little is known about the impact of different corn–soybean cropping sequences on Soil Ecology. A long-term research site in Waseca, Minnesota was established in 1982 to study corn–soybean rotation. At the site, various corn–soybean crop sequences can be compared each year including corn and soybean in 1 to 5 years of monoculture and continuous monoculture of each crop. Additionally, granular nematicides (terbufos or aldicarb) have been applied to half of each plot since 2010 to minimize nematode populations, particularly plant-parasitic nematodes, across crop sequences. The nematode community, a sensitive indicator of changes in Soil Ecology, was assessed at this site to determine the impact of corn–soybean crop sequences and nematicide application on the Soil ecosystem. Nematicide application was effective against target nematodes, herbivores, but also impacted non-target nematodes and thus Soil Ecology. Nematicide application decreased fungivore and bacterivore populations, diversity, and maturity; but significantly increased enrichment compared to no nematicide application. The nematode community and thus Soil Ecology was significantly different in corn compared to soybean cropping systems and changed most during initial years after switching crops. Cropping systems in corn supported significantly greater fungivore populations, fungal decomposition pathways, more diversity, and a more mature ecosystem compared to soybean systems. Soybean systems supported significantly greater bacterivore populations and a more disturbed, enriched ecosystem. These differences between corn and soybean systems demonstrate that each crop has a distinct impact on the Soil ecosystem.
Karl Ritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil Ecology and ecosystem services
2012Co-Authors: Diana H Wall, Karl Ritz, Richard D Bardgett, Valerie M Behanpelletier, Jeffrey E Herrick, T H Jones, Donald R Strong, W H Van Der PuttenAbstract:This multi-contributor, international volume synthesizes contributions from the world's leading Soil scientists and ecologists, describing cutting-edge research that provides a basis for the maintenance of Soil health and sustainability. The book covers these advances from a unique perspective of examining the ecosystem services produced by Soil biota across different scales - from biotic interactions at microscales to communities functioning at regional and global scales. The book leads the user towards an understanding of how the sustainability of Soils, biodiversity, and ecosystem services can be maintained and how humans, other animals, and ecosystems are dependent on living Soils and ecosystem services.
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Nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry — A new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology: A review article
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Jennifer Pett-ridge, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Anthony G. O'donnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Abstract Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Current techniques still lack the adequate sensitivity and resolution for data collection at the micro-scale, and the question ‘How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?’ is therefore challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes, which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is its ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution (down to 50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focussing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describes the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation, avoiding bias due to artefacts, and identification of regions-of-interest will be critical concerns if NanoSIMS is used as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high spatial and high mass resolution attainable with this new approach.
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nano scale secondary ion mass spectrometry a new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology a review article
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Jennifer Pettridge, Anthony G Odonnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Abstract Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Current techniques still lack the adequate sensitivity and resolution for data collection at the micro-scale, and the question ‘How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?’ is therefore challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes, which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is its ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution (down to 50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focussing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describes the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation, avoiding bias due to artefacts, and identification of regions-of-interest will be critical concerns if NanoSIMS is used as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high spatial and high mass resolution attainable with this new approach.
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Nano-Scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry - A new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology
2006Co-Authors: Anke M. Herrmann, Karl Ritz, Naoise Nunan, Peta L. Clode, Jennifer Pett-ridge, Matt R. Kilburn, Daniel V. Murphy, Anthony G. O'donnell, Elizabeth A. StockdaleAbstract:Soils are structurally heterogeneous across a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. Consequently, external environmental conditions do not have a uniform effect throughout the Soil, resulting in a large diversity of micro-habitats. It has been suggested that Soil function can be studied without explicit consideration of such fine detail, but recent research has indicated that the micro-scale distribution of organisms may be of importance for a mechanistic understanding of many Soil functions. Due to a lack of techniques with adequate sensitivity for data collection at appropriate scales, the question 'How important are various Soil processes acting at different scales for ecological function?' is challenging to answer. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS) represents the latest generation of ion microprobes which link high-resolution microscopy with isotopic analysis. The main advantage of NanoSIMS over other secondary ion mass spectrometers is the ability to operate at high mass resolution, whilst maintaining both excellent signal transmission and spatial resolution ({approx}50 nm). NanoSIMS has been used previously in studies focusing on presolar materials from meteorites, in material science, biology, geology and mineralogy. Recently, the potential of NanoSIMS as a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in Soils has been demonstrated. This paper describesmore » the principles of NanoSIMS and discusses the potential of this tool to contribute to the field of biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Practical considerations (sample size and preparation, simultaneous collection of isotopes, mass resolution, isobaric interference and quantification of the isotopes of interest) are discussed. Adequate sample preparation avoiding biases in the interpretation of NanoSIMS data due to artifacts and identification of regions-of interest are of most concerns in using NanoSIMS as a new tool in biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology. Finally, we review the areas of research most likely to benefit from the high resolving power attainable with this new approach.« less
