The Experts below are selected from a list of 5511 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jie Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
consistent spatial distribution patterns of bacterial communities revealed by serial time archived Soils from long term field experiments
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Jie Liu, Zhiying Guo, Changkun Wang, Ya Liu, Kai Pan, Fangfang Zhang, Xianzhang PanAbstract:Abstract Many precious air-dried Soil samples are currently stored by institutions across the world, and they have been proved useful in retrieving historical information of Soil Microbial Ecology, such as the shifts of Microbial populations and the effects of agricultural managements on Soil Microbial communities. However, most of those retrospective studies on microorganisms in archived Soils were mainly conducted through PCR-DGGE or T-RFLP analysis, which was less sensitive to low-abundance species. In order to assess whether archived Soils could reveal the spatial distribution of Microbial communities at large spatial scale, especially the rare Microbial taxa, a total of 117 serial time-historical samples from eight long-term field experimental stations of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses showed that both the total bacterial communities and the rare bacterial subcommunities were distinctly clustered into different groups corresponding to each experimental station, and that analogous distribution patterns of bacterial communities existed between each two sampling years for both the total and the rare taxa, though the Microbial community composition changed over time. The corresponding hierarchical clustering analyses demonstrated that Soil bacterial communities for both the total and the rare taxa could be clustered into five groups for all samples and for the sub-samples of each sampling year, which corresponded to five eco-geographic regions in the Eco-Geographic Regional System of China. The results from this investigation highlighted the great value of serial time-archived Soils in revealing the spatial distribution patterns of bacterial communities for both the total and the rare taxa at large spatial scale.
-
effects of biochar on Microbial Ecology in agriculture Soil a review
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Yanli Ding, Jie Liu, Yingying WangAbstract:Biochar, as a new type of Soil amendment, has been obtained considerable attention in the research field of environmental sciences worldwide. The studies on the effects of biochar in improving Soil physical and chemical properties started quite earlier, and already covered the field of Soil Microbial Ecology. However, most of the studies considered the Soil physical and chemical properties and the Microbial Ecology separately, with less consideration of their interactions. This paper summarized and analyzed the interrelationships between the changes of Soil physical and chemical properties and of Soil Microbial community after the addition of biochar. Biochar can not only improve Soil pH value, strengthen Soil water-holding capacity, increase Soil organic matter content, but also affect Soil Microbial community structure, and alter the abundance of Soil bacteria and fungi. After the addition of biochar, the Soil environment and Soil microorganisms are interacted each other, and promote the improvement of Soil Microbial ecological system together. This review was to provide a novel perspective for the in-depth studies of the effects of biochar on Soil Microbial Ecology, and to promote the researches on the beneficial effects of biochar to the environment from ecological aspect. The methods to improve the effectiveness of biochar application were discussed, and the potential applications of biochar in Soil bioremediation were further analyzed.
James I Prosser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
use and abuse of potential rates in Soil microbiology
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2021Co-Authors: Christina Hazard, James I Prosser, Graeme W NicolAbstract:Abstract Potential rate assays are used in Soil Microbial Ecology to determine the rates of a functional process in environmental samples under a defined set of conditions. While they can be used appropriately to provide mechanistic insights, potential rates are also often used to estimate the abundance of specific taxonomic groups and their in situ activity. These estimates incorrectly assume that all contributing organisms in a community are active at a maximum rate under one set of ‘optimal’ incubation conditions and that potential rates reflect activity in the Soil. While investigators now recognise that populations within communities are physiologically diverse, they often ignore the consequent suboptimal activity, or even inactivity, of the majority of community members performing that function. In this short perspective article, we discuss when potential assays can be informative and highlight the underlying conceptual problems under circumstances where potential assays are misused, using potential nitrification rate (PNR) as an example. PNR was originally developed to estimate the size of active ammonia oxidising communities in environmental samples. It is routinely determined in short-term shaken slurry incubations by measuring assumed maximum rates of nitrate or nitrite production under optimal, non-substrate-limiting conditions. As with other functional processes, it is now recognised that a broad diversity of organisms contribute to aerobic ammonia oxidation in terrestrial and other habitats, and this diversity represents a substantial range of physiologies, including variation in substrate affinity, ammonia tolerance, cell specific activity and substrate preference. Despite this, PNR, and other potential rate assays, are often inappropriately used in an attempt to determine an ecologically relevant measurement of activity in Soil. As with any potential assay, PNR has inherent biases towards particular functional groups and its use in investigating the Ecology of ammonia oxidisers in natural systems should be carefully considered.
-
dispersing misconceptions and identifying opportunities for the use of omics in Soil Microbial Ecology
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: James I ProsserAbstract:In this Opinion article, James Prosser considers the conceptual limitations of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics in contributing to our understanding of Soil Microbial Ecology, and also explores potential opportunities for using these techniques to address specific ecological questions.
-
dispersing misconceptions and identifying opportunities for the use of omics in Soil Microbial Ecology
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: James I ProsserAbstract:Technological advances are enabling the sequencing of environmental DNA and RNA at increasing depth and with decreasing costs. Metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis of Soil Microbial communities and the assembly of 'population genomes' from Soil DNA are therefore now feasible. Although the value of such 'omic' approaches is limited by the associated technical and bioinformatic difficulties, even if these obstacles were eliminated and 'perfect' metagenomes and metatranscriptomes were available, important conceptual challenges remain. This Opinion article considers these conceptual challenges in the context of the current use of omics in Soil microbiology, but the main arguments presented are also relevant to the application of omics to marine, freshwater, gut or other environments.
Yan Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Data_Sheet_1_Trichoderma-Inoculation and Mowing Synergistically Altered Soil Available Nutrients, Rhizosphere Chemical Compounds and Soil Microbial Community, Potentially Driving Alfalfa Growth.docx
2019Co-Authors: Fengge Zhang, Yunqian Huo, Yan XiaoAbstract:Trichoderma spp. are proposed as major plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) to increase plants growth and productivity. Mowing can stimulate aboveground regrowth to improve plant biomass and nutritional quality. However, the synergistic effects of Trichoderma and mowing on plants growth, particularly the underlying Microbial mechanisms mediated by rhizosphere Soil chemical compounds, have rarely been reported. In the present study, we employed Trichoderma harzianum T-63 and conducted a pot experiment to investigate the synergistic effect of Trichoderma-inoculation and mowing on alfalfa growth, and the potential Soil Microbial ecological mechanisms were also explored. Alfalfa treated with Trichoderma-inoculation and/or mowing (T, M, and TM) had significant (P < 0.05) increases in plant shoot and root dry weights and Soil available nutrients (N, P, and K), compared with those of the control (CK). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) demonstrated that the rhizosphere chemical compounds and Soil bacterial and fungal communities were, respectively, separated according to different treatments. There was a clear significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between alfalfa biomass and the relative abundance of Trichoderma (R2 = 0.3451, P = 0.045). However, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, and Actinoplanes were not significantly correlated with alfalfa biomass. According to structure equation modeling (SEM), Trichoderma abundance and available P served as primary contributors to alfalfa growth promotion. Additionally, Trichoderma-inoculation and mowing altered rhizosphere Soil chemical compounds to drive the Soil Microbial community, indirectly influencing alfalfa growth. Our research provides a basis for promoting alfalfa growth from a Soil Microbial Ecology perspective and may provide a scientific foundation for guiding the farming of alfalfa.
-
Trichoderma-Inoculation and Mowing Synergistically Altered Soil Available Nutrients, Rhizosphere Chemical Compounds and Soil Microbial Community, Potentially Driving Alfalfa Growth
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Fengge Zhang, Yunqian Huo, Yan XiaoAbstract:Trichoderma spp. are proposed as major plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) to increase plants growth and productivity. Mowing can stimulate aboveground regrowth to improve plant biomass and nutritional quality. However, the synergistic effects of Trichoderma and mowing on plants growth, particularly the underlying Microbial mechanisms mediated by rhizosphere Soil chemical compounds, have rarely been reported. In the present study, we employed Trichoderma harzianum T-63 and conducted a pot experiment to investigate the synergistic effect of Trichoderma-inoculation and mowing on alfalfa growth, and the potential Soil Microbial ecological mechanisms were also explored. Alfalfa treated with Trichoderma-inoculation and/or mowing (T, M, and TM) had significant (P < 0.05) increases in plant shoot and root dry weights and Soil available nutrients (N, P, and K), compared with those of the control (CK). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) demonstrated that the rhizosphere chemical compounds and Soil bacterial and fungal communities were, respectively, separated according to different treatments. There was a clear significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between alfalfa biomass and the relative abundance of Trichoderma (R2 = 0.3451, P = 0.045). However, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, and Actinoplanes were not significantly correlated with alfalfa biomass. According to structure equation modeling (SEM), Trichoderma abundance and available P served as primary contributors to alfalfa growth promotion. Additionally, Trichoderma-inoculation and mowing altered rhizosphere Soil chemical compounds to drive the Soil Microbial community, indirectly influencing alfalfa growth. Our research provides a basis for promoting alfalfa growth from a Soil Microbial Ecology perspective and may provide a scientific foundation for guiding the farming of alfalfa
Genevieve L Grundmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the spatial distribution of exoenzyme activities across the Soil micro landscape as measured in micro and macro aggregates and ecosystem processes
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Haryun Kim, Naoise Nunan, Arnaud Dechesne, Sabrina Juarez, Genevieve L GrundmannAbstract:Abstract The spatial Ecology of Soil Microbial communities and their functioning is an understudied aspect of Soil Microbial Ecology. Much of our understanding of the spatial organisation of Microbial communities has been obtained at scales that are inappropriate for identifying how Microbial functioning and spatial patterns are related. In order to reveal the spatial strategies of Soil microorganisms, we measured the microscale spatial distribution of 6 exoenzyme activities (EEA) and related them to the catalytic potential of three Soils. The relationship between EEA profiles and Microbial community structure was also measured in Soil aggregates. All the EEA exhibited scale-invariant spatial clustering. The extent of spatial clustering varied significantly among EEA, suggesting that Microbial communities employ different spatial strategies when foraging for different elements. The dispersed distribution of alkaline phosphatase suggests that microorganisms invest more heavily in the acquisition of P. The EEA associated with the C and N cycles, but not the P cycle, were significantly affected by management practices in the loamy Soil. A significant negative relationship between the extent of spatial clustering of EEA and the overall intensity of the EEA was identified in the two loamy Soils, indicating that the microscale spatial Ecology of Microbial activity may have a significant impact on biogeochemical cycles. No relationship was found between Microbial community structure and EEA profiles in aggregates. However, a number of negative relationships between the relative abundance of certain taxa and the most dispersed EEA (alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase) were found, suggesting that these taxa make the EEA products available by means other than the production of exoenzymes (e.g. solubilisation of phosphate through the production of organic acids).
Yingying Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of biochar on Microbial Ecology in agriculture Soil a review
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Yanli Ding, Jie Liu, Yingying WangAbstract:Biochar, as a new type of Soil amendment, has been obtained considerable attention in the research field of environmental sciences worldwide. The studies on the effects of biochar in improving Soil physical and chemical properties started quite earlier, and already covered the field of Soil Microbial Ecology. However, most of the studies considered the Soil physical and chemical properties and the Microbial Ecology separately, with less consideration of their interactions. This paper summarized and analyzed the interrelationships between the changes of Soil physical and chemical properties and of Soil Microbial community after the addition of biochar. Biochar can not only improve Soil pH value, strengthen Soil water-holding capacity, increase Soil organic matter content, but also affect Soil Microbial community structure, and alter the abundance of Soil bacteria and fungi. After the addition of biochar, the Soil environment and Soil microorganisms are interacted each other, and promote the improvement of Soil Microbial ecological system together. This review was to provide a novel perspective for the in-depth studies of the effects of biochar on Soil Microbial Ecology, and to promote the researches on the beneficial effects of biochar to the environment from ecological aspect. The methods to improve the effectiveness of biochar application were discussed, and the potential applications of biochar in Soil bioremediation were further analyzed.