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Janice E Thies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial community response to Soil Solarization in nepal s rice wheat cropping system
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Steven W Culman, J G Lauren, John M. Duxbury, Janice E ThiesAbstract:The Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia support 13.5 million hectares of rice–wheat cropping systems, which currently feed over one billion people. Intensified agriculture has resulted in a more than two-fold increase in rice and wheat yields since the 1970s; however, this continuous cropping has also exacerbated weed, pest and disease problems. Soil Solarization is an accessible, low-risk management practice for small-holder farmers that has ameliorated these problems in some settings and has the potential to dramatically improve yields. Field trials were conducted at two sites in Nepal to test whether Soil Solarization: (i) had a lasting effect on Soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities; (ii) altered the rhizosphere communities of rice nursery seedlings and (iii) improved crop growth and yield in the rice–wheat cropping system. Rice seedlings were grown in nursery plots that were solarized for 28 days or left untreated and were transplanted to field plots that were also either solarized for 28 days or not in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rice was grown to maturity and harvested, followed by a complete wheat cropping cycle. Solarization of main field plots increased counts of fungal propagules and decreased root galling and nematode counts and decreased weed biomass. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of extracted Soil DNA revealed significant shifts in fungal community composition following Soil Solarization, which was sustained throughout the entire rice cropping cycle at both field sites. The bacterial community composition was similarly affected, but at only one of the two sites. Despite the observed changes in Soil microbial community composition over more than one cropping period, Solarization had no impact on crop productivity at either site. Nevertheless, such changes in Soil microbial communities in response to Solarization may be responsible for increased yields observed at other sites with greater pathogen pressure. This practice has shown promising results in many farmers’ fields in South Asia, but further elucidation of the mechanisms by which Solarization increases productivity is needed. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Steven W Culman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial community response to Soil Solarization in nepal s rice wheat cropping system
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Steven W Culman, J G Lauren, John M. Duxbury, Janice E ThiesAbstract:The Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia support 13.5 million hectares of rice–wheat cropping systems, which currently feed over one billion people. Intensified agriculture has resulted in a more than two-fold increase in rice and wheat yields since the 1970s; however, this continuous cropping has also exacerbated weed, pest and disease problems. Soil Solarization is an accessible, low-risk management practice for small-holder farmers that has ameliorated these problems in some settings and has the potential to dramatically improve yields. Field trials were conducted at two sites in Nepal to test whether Soil Solarization: (i) had a lasting effect on Soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities; (ii) altered the rhizosphere communities of rice nursery seedlings and (iii) improved crop growth and yield in the rice–wheat cropping system. Rice seedlings were grown in nursery plots that were solarized for 28 days or left untreated and were transplanted to field plots that were also either solarized for 28 days or not in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rice was grown to maturity and harvested, followed by a complete wheat cropping cycle. Solarization of main field plots increased counts of fungal propagules and decreased root galling and nematode counts and decreased weed biomass. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of extracted Soil DNA revealed significant shifts in fungal community composition following Soil Solarization, which was sustained throughout the entire rice cropping cycle at both field sites. The bacterial community composition was similarly affected, but at only one of the two sites. Despite the observed changes in Soil microbial community composition over more than one cropping period, Solarization had no impact on crop productivity at either site. Nevertheless, such changes in Soil microbial communities in response to Solarization may be responsible for increased yields observed at other sites with greater pathogen pressure. This practice has shown promising results in many farmers’ fields in South Asia, but further elucidation of the mechanisms by which Solarization increases productivity is needed. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
John M. Duxbury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial community response to Soil Solarization in nepal s rice wheat cropping system
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Steven W Culman, J G Lauren, John M. Duxbury, Janice E ThiesAbstract:The Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia support 13.5 million hectares of rice–wheat cropping systems, which currently feed over one billion people. Intensified agriculture has resulted in a more than two-fold increase in rice and wheat yields since the 1970s; however, this continuous cropping has also exacerbated weed, pest and disease problems. Soil Solarization is an accessible, low-risk management practice for small-holder farmers that has ameliorated these problems in some settings and has the potential to dramatically improve yields. Field trials were conducted at two sites in Nepal to test whether Soil Solarization: (i) had a lasting effect on Soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities; (ii) altered the rhizosphere communities of rice nursery seedlings and (iii) improved crop growth and yield in the rice–wheat cropping system. Rice seedlings were grown in nursery plots that were solarized for 28 days or left untreated and were transplanted to field plots that were also either solarized for 28 days or not in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rice was grown to maturity and harvested, followed by a complete wheat cropping cycle. Solarization of main field plots increased counts of fungal propagules and decreased root galling and nematode counts and decreased weed biomass. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of extracted Soil DNA revealed significant shifts in fungal community composition following Soil Solarization, which was sustained throughout the entire rice cropping cycle at both field sites. The bacterial community composition was similarly affected, but at only one of the two sites. Despite the observed changes in Soil microbial community composition over more than one cropping period, Solarization had no impact on crop productivity at either site. Nevertheless, such changes in Soil microbial communities in response to Solarization may be responsible for increased yields observed at other sites with greater pathogen pressure. This practice has shown promising results in many farmers’ fields in South Asia, but further elucidation of the mechanisms by which Solarization increases productivity is needed. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
J G Lauren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial community response to Soil Solarization in nepal s rice wheat cropping system
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Steven W Culman, J G Lauren, John M. Duxbury, Janice E ThiesAbstract:The Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia support 13.5 million hectares of rice–wheat cropping systems, which currently feed over one billion people. Intensified agriculture has resulted in a more than two-fold increase in rice and wheat yields since the 1970s; however, this continuous cropping has also exacerbated weed, pest and disease problems. Soil Solarization is an accessible, low-risk management practice for small-holder farmers that has ameliorated these problems in some settings and has the potential to dramatically improve yields. Field trials were conducted at two sites in Nepal to test whether Soil Solarization: (i) had a lasting effect on Soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities; (ii) altered the rhizosphere communities of rice nursery seedlings and (iii) improved crop growth and yield in the rice–wheat cropping system. Rice seedlings were grown in nursery plots that were solarized for 28 days or left untreated and were transplanted to field plots that were also either solarized for 28 days or not in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rice was grown to maturity and harvested, followed by a complete wheat cropping cycle. Solarization of main field plots increased counts of fungal propagules and decreased root galling and nematode counts and decreased weed biomass. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of extracted Soil DNA revealed significant shifts in fungal community composition following Soil Solarization, which was sustained throughout the entire rice cropping cycle at both field sites. The bacterial community composition was similarly affected, but at only one of the two sites. Despite the observed changes in Soil microbial community composition over more than one cropping period, Solarization had no impact on crop productivity at either site. Nevertheless, such changes in Soil microbial communities in response to Solarization may be responsible for increased yields observed at other sites with greater pathogen pressure. This practice has shown promising results in many farmers’ fields in South Asia, but further elucidation of the mechanisms by which Solarization increases productivity is needed. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
F. Romero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of biofumigation with Brassica carinata and Soil Solarization on Phytophthora spp. and strawberry yield.
Acta Horticulturae, 2009Co-Authors: M. Porras, C. Barrau, Esperanza Romero, C. Zurera, F. RomeroAbstract:Biofumigation and Soil Solarization are nonchemical alternative methods for Soilborne pathogen control. Biofumigation is based on the action of volatile compounds, essentially isothiocyanates, produced by the hydrolysis of Cruciferae. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of biofumigation with Brassica carinata and Soil Solarization for reducing populations of Phytophthora spp. in the Soil and enhancing strawberry production. Field experiments were conducted in a strawberry farm located in Moguer (Huelva, SW Spain), for two consecutive growing seasons from October to May (2005-2006 and 2006-2007). Plots, never treated with methyl bromide, were naturally infested by Phytophthora spp. Treatments were Soil Solarization (S), biofumigation+Solarization (B+S), and the untreated control (C). Biofumigation with B. carinata (10 kg.m -2 at 10-cm depth) was done in July and plots were solarized and drip-irrigated from July to September, using clear 50-μm low density polyethylene mulch. B+S increased plant growth (foliar surface), fruit weight, and strawberry yield the most each year. Plant growth differences were observed relative to S and C, with foliar surface (cm 2 ) of B+S/S/C of 502/414/351, and 435/346/228 in January 2006 and 2007, respectively. Furthermore, S increased plant growth and strawberry yield relative to C. Fruit weight (g/fruit) of B+S/S/C was 25/22/17 and 23/20/17 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In addition, both treatments reduced Phytophthora Soil population relative to C. The current work, supported by Project ANDALGHORT Common Initiative Interreg Espana-Portugal, contributes to the development and optimization of biofumigation with Brassica and Soil Solarization as alternatives to the traditional use of chemicals in strawberry production.
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Influence of Trichoderma and Soil Solarization on strawberry yield.
Acta Horticulturae, 2009Co-Authors: M. Porras, C. Barrau, F. RomeroAbstract:Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive annual production cycles in Huelva (southwestern Spain) to evaluate the effectiveness of Soil Solarization and Trichoderma, alone and combined, in enhancing strawberry yield and the relationship between Trichoderma Soil population, root colonization by Trichoderma, yield and root weight. A randomised complete block design with four replications was used. Each plot was 12.5 x 3.3 m and had three raised beds. Solarization was conducted during the summer, using clear 50 μm low-density polyethylene mulch. Trichoderma spp. were applied via drip irrigation and dip, adding to the Soil 7-days before planting (10 8 conidia/m 2 ), and strawberry roots were dipped in a suspension of Trichoderma (10 6 conidia/ml) prior to planting. Solarization reduced Trichoderma Soil populations. Nevertheless, Trichoderma Soil populations increased over the three consecutive years in solarized plots, and no differences were observed after three repeated treatments of the same site. Combination of Solarization with Trichoderma applications significantly increased Trichoderma Soil populations relative to Solarization alone, and root colonization by Trichoderma compared to the untreated control and the Solarization alone treatment. Soil Solarization, alone or combined with Trichoderma aplications, increased strawberry yield 77.6% and 78.2% in the 2 nd year, and 11.0% and 43.2% in the 3 rd year, respectively. Trichoderma spp. became established in Soil, and by the end of each season it could be recovered from Soil samples and from root segments. Trichoderma applications increased Trichoderma Soil populations, root colonization, root weight and strawberry yield 84.9% in year 2 and 17.6% in year 3. Significant positive correlations were observed between Trichoderma Soil populations and strawberry yield. Furthermore, Trichoderma Soil populations and root colonization by Trichoderma were highly correlated.
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Effects of Soil Solarization and Trichoderma on strawberry production
Crop Protection, 2007Co-Authors: M. Porras, C. Barrau, F. RomeroAbstract:Abstract Soil Solarization and Trichoderma , alone and combined, were tested in three consecutive annual production cycles in Huelva (southwestern Spain) an environment representative of the coastal strawberry production area, to evaluate the effectiveness in enhancing strawberry yield and the relationship between Trichoderma Soil population, root colonization by Trichoderma , yield and root weight. Solarization was conducted during the summer, using clear 50 μm low-density polyethylene mulch. Trichoderma spp. were applied via drip irrigation and dip, adding to the Soil 7-days before planting (10 8 conidia/m 2 ), and strawberry roots were dipped in a suspension of Trichoderma (10 6 conidia/ml) prior to planting. Mean Soil temperatures in solarized plots averaged 46 °C at 5 cm depth, 43 °C at 10 cm, and 38 °C at 20 cm. Solarization reduced Trichoderma Soil populations. Nevertheless, Trichoderma Soil populations increased over the three consecutive years in solarized plots, and no differences were observed after three repeated treatments of the same site. Solarization did not significantly reduce root colonization by Trichoderma . Combination of Solarization with Trichoderma applications significantly increased Trichoderma Soil populations relative to the Solarization alone treatment, and root colonization by Trichoderma compared to the untreated control and the Solarization alone treatment. Soil Solarization, alone or combined with Trichoderma applications, increased strawberry yield 77.6% and 78.2% in year 2, and 11.0% and 43.2% in year 3, respectively. Trichoderma spp. became established in Soil, and by the end of each season it could be recovered from Soil samples and from root segments. Trichoderma applications increased Trichoderma Soil populations, root colonization, root weight and strawberry yield 84.9% in year 2 and 17.6% in year 3. Significant positive correlations were observed between Trichoderma Soil populations and strawberry yield, and between Trichoderma Soil populations and root colonization by Trichoderma .