The Experts below are selected from a list of 93 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jeffrey R. Bloomquist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nematicidal activity of anion transport blockers against Meloidogyne incognita, Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.
Pest management science, 2008Co-Authors: Dhana Raj Boina, Edwin E. Lewis, Jeffrey R. BloomquistAbstract:BACKGROUND: Because methyl bromide has been phased out as a Soil Sterilant, new nematicides are urgently needed. Four different chemical classes of organic acids acting as anion transport (AT) blockers were tested against a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, a plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, and an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, in toxicity bioassays. The materials tested were DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid), 9-AC (anthracene-9-carboxylic acid), NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid] and IAA-94 (indanyloxyacetic acid). RESULTS: All the compounds showed slowly developing nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles of M. incognita and adults of C. elegans, but not against H. bacteriophora infective-stage juveniles. The LC50 values of these compounds were < 50 mg L−1 after 48 and 72 h incubation, while at 168 h incubation the LC50 values were < 10 mg L−1 for both sensitive species. Across both species and time, the LC50 values generally differed no more than twofold among the four compounds tested in this study. In contrast, none of the compounds (200 mg L−1) caused more than control mortality to H. bacteriophora, even after 168 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: These compounds are potential leads for commercial nematicides. The insensitivity to H. bacteriophora is consistent with the natural exposure of this nematode to DST (3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene), a stilbene produced by its symbiotic bacterium. Based on the known activity of the compounds used in this study, it is suggested that anion transporters form the probable target sites for DIDS, 9-AC, NPPB and IAA-94 in nematodes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Dhana Raj Boina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nematicidal activity of anion transport blockers against Meloidogyne incognita, Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.
Pest management science, 2008Co-Authors: Dhana Raj Boina, Edwin E. Lewis, Jeffrey R. BloomquistAbstract:BACKGROUND: Because methyl bromide has been phased out as a Soil Sterilant, new nematicides are urgently needed. Four different chemical classes of organic acids acting as anion transport (AT) blockers were tested against a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, a plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, and an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, in toxicity bioassays. The materials tested were DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid), 9-AC (anthracene-9-carboxylic acid), NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid] and IAA-94 (indanyloxyacetic acid). RESULTS: All the compounds showed slowly developing nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles of M. incognita and adults of C. elegans, but not against H. bacteriophora infective-stage juveniles. The LC50 values of these compounds were < 50 mg L−1 after 48 and 72 h incubation, while at 168 h incubation the LC50 values were < 10 mg L−1 for both sensitive species. Across both species and time, the LC50 values generally differed no more than twofold among the four compounds tested in this study. In contrast, none of the compounds (200 mg L−1) caused more than control mortality to H. bacteriophora, even after 168 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: These compounds are potential leads for commercial nematicides. The insensitivity to H. bacteriophora is consistent with the natural exposure of this nematode to DST (3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene), a stilbene produced by its symbiotic bacterium. Based on the known activity of the compounds used in this study, it is suggested that anion transporters form the probable target sites for DIDS, 9-AC, NPPB and IAA-94 in nematodes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Álvaro S. Lima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Partitioning of diuron in a novel aqueous two-phase system based on polyols and tetrahydrofuran
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2016Co-Authors: Kênia Marcatti De Sousa, Lauro Merlo, Maria Nogueira Marques, Eliane Bezerra Cavalcanti, Ranyere Lucena De Souza, Cleide Mara Faria Soares, Álvaro S. LimaAbstract:Abstract Diuron is an herbicide widely used in agriculture as a Soil Sterilant to control a large variety of weeds. This compound is considered moderately toxic and dangerous to the environment. This study examined the formation of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on tetrahydrofuran (THF) and polyols (glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol and maltitol) in order to promote a simple recovery method that is low cost since diuron can be found in the uptake of water for human consumption. The binodal curves were determined at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. The ability of the polyols to promote the formation of ATPS with THF preferably occurred in the growing direction of hydroxyl groups, glycerol (3-OH) to maltitol (9-OH). To explore the differences induced by the presence of the distinct polyols, the partition behavior of diuron was monitored by determining of the partition coefficient (KDIU) and recovery in the top phase (RT). In all systems, THF was in the top phase and the polyols in the bottom phase. Preferably, diuron was best partitioned to the top phase (KDIU ≈ 20 and RT ≈ 93) due the effect salting-out caused by maltitol on the diuron molecules.
Ronald E. Cluff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diseases Response of Texas Root Rot to a Soil Sterilant in
2016Co-Authors: Lee J. Cluff, Ronald E, Lee J. Clark, Ronald E. CluffAbstract:Residual effects from methyl bromide applied in 1986 showed increased yields in 1987. In-creases from 115 to 281 pounds of lint per acre were observed, depending on the rate applied in 1986. This residual effect increases the possibility that this Soil Sterilant will be a useful tool to combat Texas root rot. Differences were also noted between 1986 and 1987 applications
G. S. Lim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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REVIEW OF USE OF ALTERNATIVES TO METHYL BROMIDE FOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS IN ASIA
2015Co-Authors: J. G. M. Vos, G. S. LimAbstract:Methyl bromide is a broad spectrum pesticide, principally used as a fumigant. On Soil, it is used as a pre-plant Soil fumigant in locations where a broad complex of Soil-borne pests limit the production of certain crops, particularly when they are repeatedly grown on the same land. In SE Asia and the Pacific, the use of methyl bromide as a Soil Sterilant is only about 6 % of all methyl bromide used (UNDP, 1995). Alternative methods to control Soil pests are widespread. Aware of the negative side effects of pesticides, alternative Soil pest control practices with reduced chemical inputs are being suggested. Soil pest control practices include biological control by means of natural enemies and integrated methods, such as integrated pest management (IPM) or integrated crop management (ICM). This paper documents a number of cases of alternative Soil pest control methods with reduced chemical inputs in commercial use for horticultural crops in Asia. In addition, alternatives that have been found effective in field and/or greenhouse trials are reviewed. Cases of alternative Soil pest control methods used commercially for horticultural crops on modem as well as traditional farms in Asia are listed in Table 1. The methods range from relatively new techniques, such as substrates and solarisation, to improved methods of traditional techniques, such as composting. There is now greater appreciation and respect for low-input, traditional agricultural systems, and the methods that are employed by traditional farmers are recognised as often being more efficient and logical than previously thought. In fact, to manage nematodes, integrated systems are being developed that incorporate or consider many alternative small-scale farmer practices (Bridge, 1996). Most of the identifie
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REVIEW OF USE OF ALTERNATIVES TO METHYL BROMIDE FOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS IN ASIA
2015Co-Authors: J. G. M. Vos, G. S. LimAbstract:Methyl bromide is a broad spectrum pesticide, principally used as a fumigant. On Soil, it is used as a pre-plant Soil fumigant in locations where a broad complex of Soil-borne pests limit the production of certain crops, particularly when they are repeatedly grown on the same land. In SE Asia and the Pacific, the use of methyl bromide as a Soil Sterilant is only about 6 % of all methyl bromide used (UNDP, 1995). Alternative methods to control Soil pests are widespread. Aware of the negative side effects of pesticides, alternative Soil pest control practices with reduced chemical inputs are being suggested. Soil pest control practices include biological control by means of natural enemies and integrated methods, such as integrated pest management (IPM) or integrated crop management (ICM). This paper documents a number of cases of alternative Soil pest control methods with reduced chemical inputs in commercial use for horticultural crops in Asia. In addition, alternatives that have been found effective in field and/or greenhouse trials are reviewed. Cases of alternative Soil pest control methods used commercially for horticultural crops on modem as well as traditional farms in Asia are listed in Table 1. The methods range from relatively new techniques, such as substrates and solarisation, to improved methods of traditional techniques, such as composting. There is now greater appreciation and respect for low-input, traditional agricultural systems, and the methods that are employed by traditional farmers are recognised as often being more efficient and logical than previously thought. In fact, to manage nematodes, integrated systems are being developed that incorporate or consider many alternative small-scale farmer practices (Bridge, 1996)