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Mihajlo Z Stankovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acid hydrolysis of potato tuber sprout glycoalkaloids and kinetics of Solanidine extraction in three phase systems
    Italian Journal of Food Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic
    Abstract:

    A solid-liquid-liquid system was investigated in order to find the optimal conditions for a simpler, faster procedure for obtaining Solanidine. The system consists of dried and milled tuber sprouts of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the solid phase, solutions of hydrochloric acid in aqueous acetic acid, methanol or ethanol as the first liquid phase, and chloroform, trichlorothylene or carbon tetrachloride as the second liquid phase. The procedure combines the processes of glycoalkaloid extraction and hydrolysis and Solanidine extraction into a single step. The degree of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction was 65% and the corresponding Solanidine yield was 1.02 g per 100 g of dried tuber sprouts. The method can be modified for analytical purposes.

  • liquid liquid systems for acid hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from solanum tuberosuml tuber sprouts and Solanidine extraction
    Medical Science Monitor, 2005
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic, Dejan Z Markovic
    Abstract:

    Background: Potato sprouts (Solanum tuberosum L.) contain steroidal glycoalkaloids containing Solanidine, an important precursor for hormone synthesis. Glycoalkaloids are reported to inactivate the Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster and Herpes genitalis viruses in humans, while Aglyones, including solasodine, may protect against skin cancer. Extracts of glycoalkaloids or Solanidine can be used to obtain a potential skin cancer preparation for clinical research. Material/Methods: Dried potato sprouts were used to obtain glycoalkaloids and Solanidine. The hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids in a liquid-liquid system was performed using a reflux condenser, obtaining extracts of glycolakaloids from dried and milled potato tuber sprouts. Hydrochloric acid was then added to the extract to form the first (aqueous) phase, and chloroform, trichloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride to form the second (organic) phase of the liquid-liquid system. In this way, glycoalkaloid hydrolysis to Solanidine and Solanidine extraction in the organic liquid phase were combined into a single step. IR and GC/MS analysis of Solanidine was also conducted. Results: Based on the results we obtained, the optimal liquid-liquid system was found to be 2% w/v hydrochloric acid in a 50% (volume) methanolic extract of glycoalkaloids from tuber sprouts, as the first phase, and chloroform as the second phase. Using this system, a yield of 1.46 g Solanidine per 100 g of dried potato sprouts can be achieved. Conclusions: Glycoalkaloid hydrolysis in a liquid-liquid system yields the aglycone Solanidine can be obtained from dried potato sprouts. The yield of Solanidine is higher than that obtained using solid-liquid-liquid systems for glycoalkaloid hydrolysis from potato vines.

  • Solanidine hydrolytic extraction and separation from the potato solanum tuberosum l vines by using solid liquid liquid systems
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic
    Abstract:

    Solanidine is a steroidal aglycon of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) glycoalkaloids and a very important precursor for the synthesis of hormones and some pharmacologically active compounds. Glycoalkaloids are hydrolyzed by mineral acid, yielding Solanidine. This paper deals with the kinetics of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction in different solid−liquid−liquid systems. The dried and milled potato (S. tuberosum L.) vines were used as a source of glycoalkaloids and as the solid phase. The solutions of hydrochloric acid in 2 and 10% (w/v) aqueous acetic acid, in 50% (volume) aqueous methanol, and in 50% (volume) aqueous ethanol were first liquid phase, and the medium for glycoalkaloid extraction from potato vines and their hydrolysis to Solanidine. The chloroform, trichloroethylene, or carbon tetrachloride were the second, organic, liquid phase and the medium for Solanidine extraction. This procedure combines three different processes:  extraction of glycoalkaloids from potato vines, their hydrolysis to solanid...

  • kinetics of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction from potato solanum tuberosum l haulm solid liquid systems
    Journal of The Serbian Chemical Society, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic
    Abstract:

    Dried and milled haulm of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was used as the solid phase. An ethanolic solution of hydrochloric acid mixed with chloroform in different vol- ume ratios was the liquid phase. The aim of paper was to unite in a single step the processes of glycoalkaloids extraction from haulm, their hydrolysis to Solanidine and the extraction of Solanidine. This could make the procedure of obtaining Solanidine faster and simpler. The best degree of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction of 84.5 % was achieved using 10 % w/v hy- drochloric acid in 96 % vol. ethanol mixed with chloroform in a volume ratio of 2:3, after 120 min of hydrolytic extraction.

  • solid liquid systems for the hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from potato solanum tuberosum l tuber sprouts and Solanidine isolation
    Hemijska Industrija, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic, Milorad Cakic
    Abstract:

    Solanidine (C17H43O/V) is a steroidal aglycone of glycoalkaloids and an important precursor for the synthesis of hormones and some pharmacologically active compounds. Glycoalkaloids are hydrolysed by mineral acid yielding Solanidine and a carbohydrate moiety. In this paper the kinetics of hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tuber sprouts by using solid-liquid systems were studied as well as Solanidine isolation from the liquid phase of the system. The dried and milled tuber sprouts of potato were used as the solid phase and solutions of hydrochloric acid of different concentration in 96 % vol. ethanol, mixed with chloroform in a volume ratio of 2:3, 1:1, 3:2 and 4:1, were used as the liquid phase. The aim of the paper was to choose the optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid in ethanol, the volume ratio of hydrochloric acid in ethanol to chloroform in the liquid phase and the time for Solanidine hydrolytic extraction, as well as to isolate Solanidine from the liquid phase.

Nada C Nikolic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acid hydrolysis of potato tuber sprout glycoalkaloids and kinetics of Solanidine extraction in three phase systems
    Italian Journal of Food Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic
    Abstract:

    A solid-liquid-liquid system was investigated in order to find the optimal conditions for a simpler, faster procedure for obtaining Solanidine. The system consists of dried and milled tuber sprouts of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the solid phase, solutions of hydrochloric acid in aqueous acetic acid, methanol or ethanol as the first liquid phase, and chloroform, trichlorothylene or carbon tetrachloride as the second liquid phase. The procedure combines the processes of glycoalkaloid extraction and hydrolysis and Solanidine extraction into a single step. The degree of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction was 65% and the corresponding Solanidine yield was 1.02 g per 100 g of dried tuber sprouts. The method can be modified for analytical purposes.

  • liquid liquid systems for acid hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from solanum tuberosuml tuber sprouts and Solanidine extraction
    Medical Science Monitor, 2005
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic, Dejan Z Markovic
    Abstract:

    Background: Potato sprouts (Solanum tuberosum L.) contain steroidal glycoalkaloids containing Solanidine, an important precursor for hormone synthesis. Glycoalkaloids are reported to inactivate the Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster and Herpes genitalis viruses in humans, while Aglyones, including solasodine, may protect against skin cancer. Extracts of glycoalkaloids or Solanidine can be used to obtain a potential skin cancer preparation for clinical research. Material/Methods: Dried potato sprouts were used to obtain glycoalkaloids and Solanidine. The hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids in a liquid-liquid system was performed using a reflux condenser, obtaining extracts of glycolakaloids from dried and milled potato tuber sprouts. Hydrochloric acid was then added to the extract to form the first (aqueous) phase, and chloroform, trichloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride to form the second (organic) phase of the liquid-liquid system. In this way, glycoalkaloid hydrolysis to Solanidine and Solanidine extraction in the organic liquid phase were combined into a single step. IR and GC/MS analysis of Solanidine was also conducted. Results: Based on the results we obtained, the optimal liquid-liquid system was found to be 2% w/v hydrochloric acid in a 50% (volume) methanolic extract of glycoalkaloids from tuber sprouts, as the first phase, and chloroform as the second phase. Using this system, a yield of 1.46 g Solanidine per 100 g of dried potato sprouts can be achieved. Conclusions: Glycoalkaloid hydrolysis in a liquid-liquid system yields the aglycone Solanidine can be obtained from dried potato sprouts. The yield of Solanidine is higher than that obtained using solid-liquid-liquid systems for glycoalkaloid hydrolysis from potato vines.

  • Solanidine hydrolytic extraction and separation from the potato solanum tuberosum l vines by using solid liquid liquid systems
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic
    Abstract:

    Solanidine is a steroidal aglycon of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) glycoalkaloids and a very important precursor for the synthesis of hormones and some pharmacologically active compounds. Glycoalkaloids are hydrolyzed by mineral acid, yielding Solanidine. This paper deals with the kinetics of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction in different solid−liquid−liquid systems. The dried and milled potato (S. tuberosum L.) vines were used as a source of glycoalkaloids and as the solid phase. The solutions of hydrochloric acid in 2 and 10% (w/v) aqueous acetic acid, in 50% (volume) aqueous methanol, and in 50% (volume) aqueous ethanol were first liquid phase, and the medium for glycoalkaloid extraction from potato vines and their hydrolysis to Solanidine. The chloroform, trichloroethylene, or carbon tetrachloride were the second, organic, liquid phase and the medium for Solanidine extraction. This procedure combines three different processes:  extraction of glycoalkaloids from potato vines, their hydrolysis to solanid...

  • kinetics of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction from potato solanum tuberosum l haulm solid liquid systems
    Journal of The Serbian Chemical Society, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic
    Abstract:

    Dried and milled haulm of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was used as the solid phase. An ethanolic solution of hydrochloric acid mixed with chloroform in different vol- ume ratios was the liquid phase. The aim of paper was to unite in a single step the processes of glycoalkaloids extraction from haulm, their hydrolysis to Solanidine and the extraction of Solanidine. This could make the procedure of obtaining Solanidine faster and simpler. The best degree of Solanidine hydrolytic extraction of 84.5 % was achieved using 10 % w/v hy- drochloric acid in 96 % vol. ethanol mixed with chloroform in a volume ratio of 2:3, after 120 min of hydrolytic extraction.

  • solid liquid systems for the hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from potato solanum tuberosum l tuber sprouts and Solanidine isolation
    Hemijska Industrija, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nada C Nikolic, Mihajlo Z Stankovic, Milorad Cakic
    Abstract:

    Solanidine (C17H43O/V) is a steroidal aglycone of glycoalkaloids and an important precursor for the synthesis of hormones and some pharmacologically active compounds. Glycoalkaloids are hydrolysed by mineral acid yielding Solanidine and a carbohydrate moiety. In this paper the kinetics of hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tuber sprouts by using solid-liquid systems were studied as well as Solanidine isolation from the liquid phase of the system. The dried and milled tuber sprouts of potato were used as the solid phase and solutions of hydrochloric acid of different concentration in 96 % vol. ethanol, mixed with chloroform in a volume ratio of 2:3, 1:1, 3:2 and 4:1, were used as the liquid phase. The aim of the paper was to choose the optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid in ethanol, the volume ratio of hydrochloric acid in ethanol to chloroform in the liquid phase and the time for Solanidine hydrolytic extraction, as well as to isolate Solanidine from the liquid phase.

B Wampana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of the aqueous fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpum L., α-Solanidine, nicotinic acid, cholestyramine and simvastatin on liver function of hyperlipidaemic rats administered triton-X orally for 7 days
    2020
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Studies were conducted on the effect of 50mg/kg each of the aqueous fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpum, α-Solanidine, (a steroidal glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs nicotinic acid, simvastatin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24h, 48h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical liver analysis. The liver function analyzed were total protein, albumin, total bilirubin and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST). The extract, α-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs all significantly increased (P 0.05) in albumin for the five substances tested. Bilirubin levels however decreased significantly (P

  • effects of the aqueous fruit extract of solanum macrocarpum l α Solanidine nicotinic acid cholestyramine and simvastatin on liver function of hyperlipidaemic rats administered triton x orally for 7 days
    2013
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Studies were conducted on the effect of 50mg/kg each of the aqueous fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpum, α-Solanidine, (a steroidal glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs nicotinic acid, simvastatin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24h, 48h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical liver analysis. The liver function analyzed were total protein, albumin, total bilirubin and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST). The extract, α-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs all significantly increased (P 0.05) in albumin for the five substances tested. Bilirubin levels however decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 72h for both extract and cholestyramine and were lower than the values recorded for α-Solanidine, simvastatin and nicotinic acid. The AST, ALT and ALP decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 72h for both the extract and cholestyramine while high levels of these serum enzymes were recorded for α-Solanidine, nicotinic acid and simvastatin. The aqueous fruit extract of S. macrocarpum and cholestyramine probably had hepatoprotective effects on triton-induced hyperlipipidaemic rats when compared to α-Solanidine, nicotinic acid and simvastatin under the condition of study.

  • comparative haematological parameters of aqueous fruits extracts of solanum macrocarpum α Solanidine and standard lipid lowering agents on triton induced hyperlipidaemic rats
    2013
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    The fruit of Solanum macrocarpum (Solanaceae) with the calyx removed was dried, pulverized and soxhlet-extracted with distilled water. Studies were then undertaken on the effect of 50mg/kg of the aqueous extract administered intraperitoneally (i.p) on haematological parameters and the leukocytic response on rats administered with 400mg/kg triton-X orally for 7 days to induce hyperlipidaemia. 50mg/kg each of extract α-Solanidine (a glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaeae) and three standard hypolipidaemic drugs, (Simvastatin, cholestyramine and nicotinic acid) were also administered orally on the triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. Every 24hrs, for 3 consecutive days, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for haematological analysis. The packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) significantly increased (P 0.05) for all the substances. The improved haematological parameters (HB, RBC, PCV, MCHC and MCV) probably imply a beneficial effect of the haematological parameters, suggesting that the plant extract, α-Solanidine and the three standard hypolipidaemic drugs used in the experiment could probably have haematinic effects.

  • endocrine function in acute triton induced hyperlipidaemic rats after being administered aqueous fruit extract of solanum macrocarpum alpha Solanidine and standard hypolipidaemic agents
    Journal of Plant Studies, 2012
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, U K Sandabe, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Experimental studies were carried out on the effect of Solanum macrocarpum , ?-Solanidine (a glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs (nicotinic aid, simvastin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) male rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24 h, 48 h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for endocrine function analysis which included thyroid hormones (thyroxine or T 4 , 3, 5, 3 – triiodothyronine or T 3 and thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH), sex hormones (testosterone and 17? oestradiol) and the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Changes in T 3 , T 4 , oestradiol, testosterone and insulin were significant (p 0.05) throughout the period of study. For the extract, T 3 significantly increased (p< 0.05) from 0.60±0.14ng/mL to 0.65±0.13 ng/mL and then decreased to 0.55±0.21ng/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, T 3 values were too small to be measured i.e. < 0.20 ng/mL. For the extract, T 4 significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 3.60±0.5 µg/dL to 4.30±0.43 µg/dL and then decreased to 3.80±0.28 µg/dL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the T 4 values at 24h were 4.00±0.00 µg/dL, whilst the values remained the same at 48h and 72h i.e. there was no change. For testosterone, oestradiol and insulin, the values of the negative control were higher than those of the positive control. For the extract, the oestradiol values significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 18.00 ±4.24 pg/mL to 19.50±4.24pg/mL, then decreased to 15.04±4.24 pg/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the values of oestradiol were too small to be measured i.e. < 5.00 pg/mL. For the extract, the testosterone level was 0.20±0.07 ng/mL at 24h, 0.20±0.00 ng/mL at 48h and < 0.20 mg/mL at 72h, i.e. the value could not be measured. For the other four agents, the level of testosterone was < 0.20 ng/mL i.e. too low to be measured. For the extract, the insulin values significantly decreased (p< 0.05) from 2.00±0.00 µU/mL to 1.00±0.00 µU/mL and <1.00 µU/mL (i.e. too low to be measured) at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. On administration of ?-Solanidine, NA, cholestyramine and simvastatin the insulin levels remained almost constant throughout the period of study. For ?-Solanidine, the values were 1.50±0.00 µU/mL, 2.00±0.00 µU/mL and 2.00±0.00 µU/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For NA, the insulin level remained at 2.00±0.00 µU/mL throughout the study period, for cholestyramine, the insulin values were 2.00±0.00 µU/mL and 1.00±0.00 µU/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively whilst simvastatin had insulin values of 1.50±0.00 µU/mL, 2.00±0.00 µU/mL and 2.25±0.50 µU/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. The aqueous fruit extract of S. macrocarpum when compared to ?-Solanidine, cholestyramine, simvastatin and NA under the condition of study, was probably more effective in lowering hyperlipidaemia in triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats as the fruit is a combination of active principles whilst the other four (4) substances single entities.

  • Endocrine Function in Acute Triton-induced Hyperlipidaemic Rats after Being Administered Aqueous Fruit Extract of Solanum macrocarpum, alpha-Solanidine and Standard Hypolipidaemic Agents
    Journal of Plant Studies, 2012
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, U K Sandabe, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Experimental studies were carried out on the effect of Solanum macrocarpum , ?-Solanidine (a glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs (nicotinic aid, simvastin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) male rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24 h, 48 h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for endocrine function analysis which included thyroid hormones (thyroxine or T 4 , 3, 5, 3 – triiodothyronine or T 3 and thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH), sex hormones (testosterone and 17? oestradiol) and the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Changes in T 3 , T 4 , oestradiol, testosterone and insulin were significant (p 0.05) throughout the period of study. For the extract, T 3 significantly increased (p< 0.05) from 0.60±0.14ng/mL to 0.65±0.13 ng/mL and then decreased to 0.55±0.21ng/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, T 3 values were too small to be measured i.e. < 0.20 ng/mL. For the extract, T 4 significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 3.60±0.5 µg/dL to 4.30±0.43 µg/dL and then decreased to 3.80±0.28 µg/dL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the T 4 values at 24h were 4.00±0.00 µg/dL, whilst the values remained the same at 48h and 72h i.e. there was no change. For testosterone, oestradiol and insulin, the values of the negative control were higher than those of the positive control. For the extract, the oestradiol values significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 18.00 ±4.24 pg/mL to 19.50±4.24pg/mL, then decreased to 15.04±4.24 pg/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the values of oestradiol were too small to be measured i.e. < 5.00 pg/mL. For the extract, the testosterone level was 0.20±0.07 ng/mL at 24h, 0.20±0.00 ng/mL at 48h and < 0.20 mg/mL at 72h, i.e. the value could not be measured. For the other four agents, the level of testosterone was < 0.20 ng/mL i.e. too low to be measured. For the extract, the insulin values significantly decreased (p< 0.05) from 2.00±0.00 µU/mL to 1.00±0.00 µU/mL and

O A Sodipo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of the aqueous fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpum L., α-Solanidine, nicotinic acid, cholestyramine and simvastatin on liver function of hyperlipidaemic rats administered triton-X orally for 7 days
    2020
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Studies were conducted on the effect of 50mg/kg each of the aqueous fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpum, α-Solanidine, (a steroidal glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs nicotinic acid, simvastatin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24h, 48h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical liver analysis. The liver function analyzed were total protein, albumin, total bilirubin and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST). The extract, α-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs all significantly increased (P 0.05) in albumin for the five substances tested. Bilirubin levels however decreased significantly (P

  • effects of the aqueous fruit extract of solanum macrocarpum l α Solanidine nicotinic acid cholestyramine and simvastatin on liver function of hyperlipidaemic rats administered triton x orally for 7 days
    2013
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Studies were conducted on the effect of 50mg/kg each of the aqueous fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpum, α-Solanidine, (a steroidal glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs nicotinic acid, simvastatin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24h, 48h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical liver analysis. The liver function analyzed were total protein, albumin, total bilirubin and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST). The extract, α-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs all significantly increased (P 0.05) in albumin for the five substances tested. Bilirubin levels however decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 72h for both extract and cholestyramine and were lower than the values recorded for α-Solanidine, simvastatin and nicotinic acid. The AST, ALT and ALP decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 72h for both the extract and cholestyramine while high levels of these serum enzymes were recorded for α-Solanidine, nicotinic acid and simvastatin. The aqueous fruit extract of S. macrocarpum and cholestyramine probably had hepatoprotective effects on triton-induced hyperlipipidaemic rats when compared to α-Solanidine, nicotinic acid and simvastatin under the condition of study.

  • comparative haematological parameters of aqueous fruits extracts of solanum macrocarpum α Solanidine and standard lipid lowering agents on triton induced hyperlipidaemic rats
    2013
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    The fruit of Solanum macrocarpum (Solanaceae) with the calyx removed was dried, pulverized and soxhlet-extracted with distilled water. Studies were then undertaken on the effect of 50mg/kg of the aqueous extract administered intraperitoneally (i.p) on haematological parameters and the leukocytic response on rats administered with 400mg/kg triton-X orally for 7 days to induce hyperlipidaemia. 50mg/kg each of extract α-Solanidine (a glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaeae) and three standard hypolipidaemic drugs, (Simvastatin, cholestyramine and nicotinic acid) were also administered orally on the triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. Every 24hrs, for 3 consecutive days, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for haematological analysis. The packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) significantly increased (P 0.05) for all the substances. The improved haematological parameters (HB, RBC, PCV, MCHC and MCV) probably imply a beneficial effect of the haematological parameters, suggesting that the plant extract, α-Solanidine and the three standard hypolipidaemic drugs used in the experiment could probably have haematinic effects.

  • endocrine function in acute triton induced hyperlipidaemic rats after being administered aqueous fruit extract of solanum macrocarpum alpha Solanidine and standard hypolipidaemic agents
    Journal of Plant Studies, 2012
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, U K Sandabe, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Experimental studies were carried out on the effect of Solanum macrocarpum , ?-Solanidine (a glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs (nicotinic aid, simvastin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) male rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24 h, 48 h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for endocrine function analysis which included thyroid hormones (thyroxine or T 4 , 3, 5, 3 – triiodothyronine or T 3 and thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH), sex hormones (testosterone and 17? oestradiol) and the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Changes in T 3 , T 4 , oestradiol, testosterone and insulin were significant (p 0.05) throughout the period of study. For the extract, T 3 significantly increased (p< 0.05) from 0.60±0.14ng/mL to 0.65±0.13 ng/mL and then decreased to 0.55±0.21ng/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, T 3 values were too small to be measured i.e. < 0.20 ng/mL. For the extract, T 4 significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 3.60±0.5 µg/dL to 4.30±0.43 µg/dL and then decreased to 3.80±0.28 µg/dL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the T 4 values at 24h were 4.00±0.00 µg/dL, whilst the values remained the same at 48h and 72h i.e. there was no change. For testosterone, oestradiol and insulin, the values of the negative control were higher than those of the positive control. For the extract, the oestradiol values significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 18.00 ±4.24 pg/mL to 19.50±4.24pg/mL, then decreased to 15.04±4.24 pg/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the values of oestradiol were too small to be measured i.e. < 5.00 pg/mL. For the extract, the testosterone level was 0.20±0.07 ng/mL at 24h, 0.20±0.00 ng/mL at 48h and < 0.20 mg/mL at 72h, i.e. the value could not be measured. For the other four agents, the level of testosterone was < 0.20 ng/mL i.e. too low to be measured. For the extract, the insulin values significantly decreased (p< 0.05) from 2.00±0.00 µU/mL to 1.00±0.00 µU/mL and <1.00 µU/mL (i.e. too low to be measured) at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. On administration of ?-Solanidine, NA, cholestyramine and simvastatin the insulin levels remained almost constant throughout the period of study. For ?-Solanidine, the values were 1.50±0.00 µU/mL, 2.00±0.00 µU/mL and 2.00±0.00 µU/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For NA, the insulin level remained at 2.00±0.00 µU/mL throughout the study period, for cholestyramine, the insulin values were 2.00±0.00 µU/mL and 1.00±0.00 µU/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively whilst simvastatin had insulin values of 1.50±0.00 µU/mL, 2.00±0.00 µU/mL and 2.25±0.50 µU/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. The aqueous fruit extract of S. macrocarpum when compared to ?-Solanidine, cholestyramine, simvastatin and NA under the condition of study, was probably more effective in lowering hyperlipidaemia in triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats as the fruit is a combination of active principles whilst the other four (4) substances single entities.

  • Endocrine Function in Acute Triton-induced Hyperlipidaemic Rats after Being Administered Aqueous Fruit Extract of Solanum macrocarpum, alpha-Solanidine and Standard Hypolipidaemic Agents
    Journal of Plant Studies, 2012
    Co-Authors: O A Sodipo, F I Abdulrahman, U K Sandabe, B Wampana
    Abstract:

    Experimental studies were carried out on the effect of Solanum macrocarpum , ?-Solanidine (a glycoalkaloid found in the Solanaceae), three antihyperlipidaemic drugs (nicotinic aid, simvastin and cholestyramine) on forty two (42) male rats made hyperlipidaemic by treating them with 400 mg/kg triton-X for 7 days. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. At 24 h, 48 h and 72h respectively, the rats in each group were humanely sacrificed and blood samples collected for endocrine function analysis which included thyroid hormones (thyroxine or T 4 , 3, 5, 3 – triiodothyronine or T 3 and thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH), sex hormones (testosterone and 17? oestradiol) and the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Changes in T 3 , T 4 , oestradiol, testosterone and insulin were significant (p 0.05) throughout the period of study. For the extract, T 3 significantly increased (p< 0.05) from 0.60±0.14ng/mL to 0.65±0.13 ng/mL and then decreased to 0.55±0.21ng/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, T 3 values were too small to be measured i.e. < 0.20 ng/mL. For the extract, T 4 significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 3.60±0.5 µg/dL to 4.30±0.43 µg/dL and then decreased to 3.80±0.28 µg/dL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the T 4 values at 24h were 4.00±0.00 µg/dL, whilst the values remained the same at 48h and 72h i.e. there was no change. For testosterone, oestradiol and insulin, the values of the negative control were higher than those of the positive control. For the extract, the oestradiol values significantly increased (P< 0.05) from 18.00 ±4.24 pg/mL to 19.50±4.24pg/mL, then decreased to 15.04±4.24 pg/mL at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. For ?-Solanidine and the three hypolipidaemic drugs, the values of oestradiol were too small to be measured i.e. < 5.00 pg/mL. For the extract, the testosterone level was 0.20±0.07 ng/mL at 24h, 0.20±0.00 ng/mL at 48h and < 0.20 mg/mL at 72h, i.e. the value could not be measured. For the other four agents, the level of testosterone was < 0.20 ng/mL i.e. too low to be measured. For the extract, the insulin values significantly decreased (p< 0.05) from 2.00±0.00 µU/mL to 1.00±0.00 µU/mL and

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  • chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants potatoes and tomatoes
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mendel Friedman
    Abstract:

    Inhibition of cancer can occur via apoptosis, a genetically directed process of cell self-destruction that involves numerous biomarkers and signaling pathways. Glycoalkaloids are nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites found in numerous Solanaceous plants including eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes. Exposure of cancer cells to glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants (α-solamargine and α-solasonine), potatoes (α-chaconine and α-solanine), and tomatoes (α-tomatine) or their hydrolysis products (mono-, di-, and trisaccharide derivatives and the aglycones solasodine, Solanidine, and tomatidine) inhibits the growth of the cells in culture (in vitro) as well as tumor growth in vivo. This overview comprehensively surveys and consolidates worldwide efforts to define the following aspects of these natural compounds: (a) their prevalence in the three foods; (b) their chemistry and structure–activity relationships; (c) the reported factors (biomarkers, signaling pathways) associated with apoptosis of bone, brea...

  • effect of feeding Solanidine solasodine and tomatidine to non pregnant and pregnant mice
    Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Mendel Friedman, Philip R. Henika, Bruce E Mackey
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aglycone forms of three steroidal glycoalkaloids—Solanidine (derived by hydrolytic removal of the carbohydrate side chain from the potato glycoalkaloids α-chaconine and α-solanine), solasodine (derived from solasonine in eggplants) and tomatidine (derived from α-tomatine in tomatoes)—were evaluated for their effects on liver weight increase (hepatomegaly) in non-pregnant and pregnant mice and on fecundity in pregnant mice fed for 14 days on a diet containing 2.4 mmol/kg of aglycone. In non-pregnant mice, observed ratios of % liver weights to body weights (%LW/BWs) were significantly greater than those of the control values as follows (all values in % vs matched controls±S.D.): Solanidine, 25.5±13.2; solasodine 16.8±12.0; and tomatidine, 6.0±7.1. The corresponding increases in pregnant mice were: Solanidine, 5.3±10.7; solasodine, 33.1±15.1; tomatidine, 8.4±9.1. For pregnant mice (a) body weight gains were less with the algycones than with controls: Solanidine, −36.1±14.5; solasodine, −17.9±14.3; tomatidine, −11.9±18.1; (b) litter weights were less than controls: Solanidine, −27.0±17.1; solasodine, −15.5±16.8; tomatidine, no difference; (c) the %LTW/BW ratio was less than that of the controls and was significant only for solasodine, −8.7±13.7; and (d) the average weight of the fetuses was less than the controls: Solanidine, −11.2±15.2; solasodine, −11.4±9.4; tomatidine, no difference. Abortion of fetuses occurred in five of 24 pregnant mice on the Solanidine and none on the other diets. To obtain evidence for possible mechanisms of the observed in vivo effects, the four glycoalkaloids (α-chaconine, α-solanine, solasonine and α-tomatine) mentioned above and the aglycones Solanidine and tomatidine were also evaluated in in vitro assays for estrogenic activity. Only Solanidine at 10 μ m concentration exhibited an increase in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Generally, the biological effects of Solanidine differ from those of the parent potato glycoalkaloids. Possible mechanisms of these effects and the implication of the results for food safety and plant physiology are discussed.

  • cloning and expression of Solanidine udp glucose glucosyltransferase from potato
    Plant Journal, 1997
    Co-Authors: Charles P Moehs, Mendel Friedman, Paul V Allen, William R Belknap
    Abstract:

    A cDNA encoding Solanidine glucosyltransferase (SGT) was isolated from potato. The cDNA was selected from a yeast expression library using a positive selection based on the higher toxicity of steroidal alkaloid aglycons relative to their associated glycosylated forms. The cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a 56 kDa polypeptide with regions of similarity to previously characterized UDP-glucosyltransferases. The enzyme activity and reaction products of recombinant SGT in yeast were consistent with those observed for the endogenous enzyme from potato. SGT mRNA and protein accumulated in tubers in response to wounding. The time course for SGT mRNA accumulation paralleled that of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA isoform 1 (hmg1) mRNA. Steady-state SGT mRNA levels also increased transiently upon wounding of leaves.

  • Feeding of potato, tomato and eggplant alkaloids, affects food consumption and body and liver weights in mice
    Journal of Nutrition, 1996
    Co-Authors: Mendel Friedman, Philip R. Henika, Bruce E Mackey
    Abstract:

    Reduced liver weight was used to evaluate the potential toxicity in mice of four naturally occurring steroidal glycoalkaloids : α-chaconine and α-solanine, α-tomatine and solasonine. Increased liver weight was used to evaluate the three corresponding steroidal aglycones: Solanidine, tomatidine, and solasodine and the non-alkaloid adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Adult female Swiss-Webster mice were fed diets containing test compound concentrations of 0 (control), 1.2, 2.4 or 4.8 mmol/kg diet for 7, 14 or 28 d. Absolute liver weights (LW) and relative liver weights (liver weight/body weight x 100, %LW/BW) were determined at autopsy. The %LW/BW was lower than that of the controls in mice fed the potato glycoalkaloid α-chaconine (-10%, P ≤ 0.05) for 7 d with the 2.4 mmol/kg diet dose. Under these same conditions, %LW/BW was greater than that of controls in mice fed two aglycones: Solanidine (27%, P ≤ 0.001) and solasodine (8%, P ≤ 0.01). Relative liver weight increases induced by the aglycones were determined under time and dose conditions in which differences in body weight and food consumption were not significant (2.4 mmol/kg diet for 28 d). Under these conditions, the observed %LW/BW increases relative to the controls were as follows : Solanidine (32%, P ≤ 0.001), solasodine (22%, P ≤ 0.001) and DHEA (16%, P < 0.001). Solanidine, solasodine and DHEA were equally potent and were more potent than tomatidine. We also observed that the greater %LW/BW in mice fed 2.4 mmol/kg diet solasodine or Solanidine for 14 d declined to near control values if they were fed control diets for another 14 d. The increase in relative liver weight induced by Solanidine and solasodine is a reversible adaptive response. These findings and the apparent effects of structure on biological activity should serve as a guide for the removal of the most toxic compounds from plant foods. The implications of the results for food safety and health are discussed.

  • Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that differentiate between potato and tomato glycoalkaloids and aglycons
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1994
    Co-Authors: Larry H. Stanker, Carol Kamps-holtzapple, Mendel Friedman
    Abstract:

    A series of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind the potentially toxic glycoalkaloids and the corresponding aglycons found in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) has been developed. Most of these Mabs differentially bind Solanidine versus the potato glycosides α-solanine and α-chaconine. Some bind Solanidine, α-solanine, and α-chaconine with nearly equal affinity. Others bind only Solanidine, and one binds the tomato glycoside α-tomatine and the corresponding aglycon, tomatidine. Fifty percent inhibition of control values in a competition ELISA ranged from 2.5 to 1000 ppb. Specificity and cross-reactivity are discussed in relation to three-dimensional, computer-generated molecular models of selected alkaloids