The Experts below are selected from a list of 396 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Meenakshi Srinivas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ontogeny of solasodine-containing mucilage layer inSolanum Viarum Dunal, ploidy types
Journal of Biosciences, 1998Co-Authors: Meenakshi Srinivas, Shyamsunder Joshi, R KrishnanAbstract:Berries of steroid-bearing Solanum Viarum Dunal are exploited commercially in India as raw material by steroid industries for solasodine, a glycoalkaloid, present in the mucilaginous exotesta of the seed. Comparative ontogeny of exotesta studied through histochemical studies in diploid, autotetraploid and trisomic plants indicated similarity in the histochemical changes occurring during ontogeny of the outermost seed coat layer which culminated in the transformation of this layer into the mucilage layer. The increased cell size in this layer in the autotetraploid plants probably accounts for the higher steroid content reported. Corroborative evidences for histochemical changes observed in the mucilage layer were obtained from studies of ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy.
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effect of grafting on solasodine content in Solanum Viarum
Planta Medica, 1996Co-Authors: Meenakshi Srinivas, R. S. KrishnanAbstract:Solasodine - a steroid present in the mucilaginous exotesta of the seed in Solanum Viarum Dunal (syn. S. khasianum var. chatterjeeanum) is a major source of steroidal raw material. Evidence for the site of solasodine synthesis was sought through reciprocal grafts involving steroid-bearing S. Viarum (both diploid and autotetraploid) and steroid-free, edible Solanum melongena L (brinjal). The results indicate that the synthesis of solasodine is scion-specific.
R. S. Krishnan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of grafting on solasodine content in Solanum Viarum
Planta Medica, 1996Co-Authors: Meenakshi Srinivas, R. S. KrishnanAbstract:Solasodine - a steroid present in the mucilaginous exotesta of the seed in Solanum Viarum Dunal (syn. S. khasianum var. chatterjeeanum) is a major source of steroidal raw material. Evidence for the site of solasodine synthesis was sought through reciprocal grafts involving steroid-bearing S. Viarum (both diploid and autotetraploid) and steroid-free, edible Solanum melongena L (brinjal). The results indicate that the synthesis of solasodine is scion-specific.
R Krishnan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ontogeny of solasodine-containing mucilage layer inSolanum Viarum Dunal, ploidy types
Journal of Biosciences, 1998Co-Authors: Meenakshi Srinivas, Shyamsunder Joshi, R KrishnanAbstract:Berries of steroid-bearing Solanum Viarum Dunal are exploited commercially in India as raw material by steroid industries for solasodine, a glycoalkaloid, present in the mucilaginous exotesta of the seed. Comparative ontogeny of exotesta studied through histochemical studies in diploid, autotetraploid and trisomic plants indicated similarity in the histochemical changes occurring during ontogeny of the outermost seed coat layer which culminated in the transformation of this layer into the mucilage layer. The increased cell size in this layer in the autotetraploid plants probably accounts for the higher steroid content reported. Corroborative evidences for histochemical changes observed in the mucilage layer were obtained from studies of ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy.
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planting density and arrangement for higher berry and solasodine yields in Solanum Viarum rectangular vs square spacing
Tropical Agriculture, 1991Co-Authors: Subbi G Reddy, R Krishnan, M V ChandravadanaAbstract:Using nearly spine-free diploid and induced autotetraploid lines developed in our laboratory in two trials, berry and solasodine yields of Solanum Viarum were evaluated over a wide range of planting densities (6900-49 000 plants ha −1 ) under square and rectangular spacings. Under square spacing, a linear relationship existed between planting density (up to 49 000 plants ha −1 ) and berry yield. Solasodine content was not affected by planting density, but within the range 6900-28 000 plants ha −1 , rectangular spacing (E to W) proved superior to square spacing in both berry and solasodine yields(.)
J. C. Medal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progress and Prospects for Biological Control of Solanum Viarum Dunal in the USA
2015Co-Authors: J. C. Medal, D. Gandolfo, R. A. Pitelli, A. Santana, J. P. Cuda, D. L. SudbrinkAbstract:Solanum Viarum Dunal (Solanaceae), commonly known as tropical soda apple in the USA, is a perennial weed native to southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay that has invaded Florida grasslands and natural ecosystems. How this South American plant entered Florida is unknown. Earliest records indicate that it was initiall
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host specificity tests of gratiana graminea coleoptera chrysomelidae a potential biological control agent of tropical soda apple Solanum Viarum solanaceae
Florida Entomologist, 2010Co-Authors: J. C. Medal, Rodrigo Diaz, William A. Overholt, N Bustamante, Marcelo D Vitorino, L Beal, James P. CudaAbstract:ABSTRACT Multiple-choice and no-choice tests were conducted at the Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry Quarantine facility in Gainesville, FL to determine the specificity of the Brazilian leaf-beetle Gratiana graminea Klug, a candidate for biological control of Solanum Viarum, tropical soda apple. One hundred fifteen plant species in 32 families were included in the feeding-oviposition multiple-choice tests including the target weed and the 5 major cultivated Solanaceae Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon sculentum Mill., Nicotiana tabacum L., Solanum melongena L., and Solanum tuberosum L. Eight to 12 plant species, including always the main target weed, growing in 1-gallon pots were simultaneously exposed to 20 G. graminea adults (10 males and 10 females that most of the time had recently emerged from pupae) in an aluminum cage (60 × 60 × 60 cm). At the beginning of each test the insects were placed at the bottom center of each cage to allow them to orient by themselves to the tested plant...
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the effect of gratiana boliviana coleoptera chrysomelidae herbivory on growth and population density of tropical soda apple Solanum Viarum in florida
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: William A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, Larry Markle, J. C. MedalAbstract:Abstract The effect of herbivory by Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the invasive, tropical soda apple (TSA) (Solanum Viarum Dunal, Solanaceae), was investigated using exclusion methods and by monitoring the density of G. boliviana and the weed at four locations over a period of 40 months. TSA plants protected by insecticide were taller, wider, and had greater canopy cover that unprotected plants, and plants in closed cages were taller and wider than those in open cages. Survival of plants was higher in plots protected with insecticide than in unprotected plots in both years of a 2-year study. In the population dynamics study, the initial density of TSA was 4–5 times higher at one of the locations than at the other three sites, but within 3 years, TSA density at the high density site had declined by 90%. At the three sites which initially had a low abundance of TSA, density remained low throughout the study. The intrinsic rate of increase of G. boliviana varied between –3.9 and 4.5...
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releases distribution and abundance of gratiana boliviana coleoptera chrysomelidae a biological control agent of tropical soda apple Solanum Viarum solanaceae in florida
Florida Entomologist, 2009Co-Authors: William A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, J. C. Medal, Stephen D Hight, K Hibbard, Amy Roda, Divina M Amalin, A Fox, Philip A Stansly, B CarlisleAbstract:From 2003 to 2008, 176,643 Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were released in Florida as part of a biological control program targeting tropical soda apple (TSA) Solanum Viarum Dunal (Solanaceae). The spatial distribution of releases was clus- tered with more beetles released in south/central Florida than further north. A survey con- ducted in the fall of 2008 found G. bolviana present at >70% of randomly selected locations between 26° and 29° latitude, but no beetles were found at sites further north. The presence of beetles and beetle damage were associated with smaller TSA plants and fewer fruits per plant. The absence of beetles in northern Florida may be due to the fewer number released in that area, but also could be influenced by land cover and climate.
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Temperature-dependent development, cold tolerance, and potential distribution of Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of tropical soda apple, Solanum Viarum (Solanaceae)
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Rodrigo Diaz, Ana Clariza Samayoa, William A. Overholt, Freddy Sosa, Diane Cordeau, J. C. MedalAbstract:Abstract The leaf beetle Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was introduced from South America into the southeastern United States in 2003 as a classical biological control agent of tropical soda apple, Solanum Viarum Dunal (Solanaceae). Temperature-dependent development and survival studies revealed that development was completed at temperatures >16°C and ≤34°C. The number of degree-days required to complete one generation was 341 and the estimated lower developmental threshold was 13.37°C. Using nonlinear regression, the upper lethal threshold was estimated to be 34–35°C. Cold tolerance studies revealed that the lethal time for 90% of adults (LT90) was 12.6 days at 5°C and 8.68 days at 0°C. Based on the developmental and cold tolerance data, a map predicting the areas of establishment and number of generations per year was generated, which suggests that the northern extent of the G. boliviana range in the USA will be near 32–33° north latitude. Fewer generations per year in more northe...
William A. Overholt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temperature-dependent development, diapause and cold tolerance of Gratiana graminea, a potential biological control agent of Solanum Viarum in Florida, USA
BioControl, 2012Co-Authors: Veronica Manrique, Rodrigo Diaz, William A. OverholtAbstract:The objectives of this study were to examine temperature-dependent development, diapause and cold tolerance of Gratiana graminea Klug (Chrysomelidae), a candidate biological control agent of tropical soda apple, Solanum Viarum Dunal (Solanaceae). Immature development was examined at six constant temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C. Diapause induction was determined by exposing adults to either long or short photoperiods at 20°C and cold tolerance was assessed by exposing adults to 0°C. G. graminea completed development at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C. Linear regression estimated a lower temperature threshold of 11.7°C and 312 degree-days were required to complete development. Diapause was induced when adults were exposed to short photoperiods (10:14 L:D h) at 20°C. The lethal times for diapausing adults of G. graminea at 0°C (LT_50 = 19 days, LT_90 = 41 days) were two times higher compared to Gratiana boliviana Spaeth, a biological control agent already established in south and central Florida, USA. The presence of diapause and the greater cold tolerance suggest that G. graminea may establish and perform better than G. boliviana in northern Florida.
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Solanum Viarum dunal solanaceae primer reporte para honduras
Ceiba: A Scientific and Technical Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Rodrigo Diaz, Ana Clariza Samayoa, William A. OverholtAbstract:La maleza invasora Solanum Viarum Dunal (Solanaceae) es reportada por primera vez para Honduras. La planta, nativa de Sudamerica, fue localizada en un estacionamiento de la Escuela Agricola Panamericana, El Zamorano, Honduras, el 26 de noviembre de 2007. Esta maleza es altamente invasora en pasturas debido a que el ganado puede transportar semillas en su tracto digestivo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v49i1.300
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host specificity tests of gratiana graminea coleoptera chrysomelidae a potential biological control agent of tropical soda apple Solanum Viarum solanaceae
Florida Entomologist, 2010Co-Authors: J. C. Medal, Rodrigo Diaz, William A. Overholt, N Bustamante, Marcelo D Vitorino, L Beal, James P. CudaAbstract:ABSTRACT Multiple-choice and no-choice tests were conducted at the Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry Quarantine facility in Gainesville, FL to determine the specificity of the Brazilian leaf-beetle Gratiana graminea Klug, a candidate for biological control of Solanum Viarum, tropical soda apple. One hundred fifteen plant species in 32 families were included in the feeding-oviposition multiple-choice tests including the target weed and the 5 major cultivated Solanaceae Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon sculentum Mill., Nicotiana tabacum L., Solanum melongena L., and Solanum tuberosum L. Eight to 12 plant species, including always the main target weed, growing in 1-gallon pots were simultaneously exposed to 20 G. graminea adults (10 males and 10 females that most of the time had recently emerged from pupae) in an aluminum cage (60 × 60 × 60 cm). At the beginning of each test the insects were placed at the bottom center of each cage to allow them to orient by themselves to the tested plant...
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the effect of gratiana boliviana coleoptera chrysomelidae herbivory on growth and population density of tropical soda apple Solanum Viarum in florida
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: William A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, Larry Markle, J. C. MedalAbstract:Abstract The effect of herbivory by Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the invasive, tropical soda apple (TSA) (Solanum Viarum Dunal, Solanaceae), was investigated using exclusion methods and by monitoring the density of G. boliviana and the weed at four locations over a period of 40 months. TSA plants protected by insecticide were taller, wider, and had greater canopy cover that unprotected plants, and plants in closed cages were taller and wider than those in open cages. Survival of plants was higher in plots protected with insecticide than in unprotected plots in both years of a 2-year study. In the population dynamics study, the initial density of TSA was 4–5 times higher at one of the locations than at the other three sites, but within 3 years, TSA density at the high density site had declined by 90%. At the three sites which initially had a low abundance of TSA, density remained low throughout the study. The intrinsic rate of increase of G. boliviana varied between –3.9 and 4.5...
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releases distribution and abundance of gratiana boliviana coleoptera chrysomelidae a biological control agent of tropical soda apple Solanum Viarum solanaceae in florida
Florida Entomologist, 2009Co-Authors: William A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, J. C. Medal, Stephen D Hight, K Hibbard, Amy Roda, Divina M Amalin, A Fox, Philip A Stansly, B CarlisleAbstract:From 2003 to 2008, 176,643 Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were released in Florida as part of a biological control program targeting tropical soda apple (TSA) Solanum Viarum Dunal (Solanaceae). The spatial distribution of releases was clus- tered with more beetles released in south/central Florida than further north. A survey con- ducted in the fall of 2008 found G. bolviana present at >70% of randomly selected locations between 26° and 29° latitude, but no beetles were found at sites further north. The presence of beetles and beetle damage were associated with smaller TSA plants and fewer fruits per plant. The absence of beetles in northern Florida may be due to the fewer number released in that area, but also could be influenced by land cover and climate.