The Experts below are selected from a list of 141 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
François Garde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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photovoltaics architectural and landscape design options for net zero energy Buildings towards net zero energy communities spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort related considerations
Progress in Photovoltaics, 2016Co-Authors: Alessandra Scognamiglio, François GardeAbstract:Net Zero Energy Building (NetZEB) design has become a crucial topic of research in recent years. Because of its complexity, discussion has been carried out on methodological criteria useful to define and assess NetZEBs (building system boundary, conversion factors, energy balance, interaction with the grid, monitoring, etc.), mainly with the engineering approach, and a number of case studies worldwide have been investigated. In regard to photovoltaics' (PV) design, research demonstrated the following: (1) PV is an indispensable technology for meeting the net zero energy target; (2) meeting the target of the net zero energy balance at the architectural scale (by using only the surfaces of the building envelope to place renewables) is very difficult and therefore (3) an extension of the balance boundary to a wider scale is needed. That is the concept of NetZEB should be advanced towards the one of Net Zero Energy Communities (NetZECs). In view of such an enlargement of the design domain, this paper investigates architectural and landscape design options (spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort considerations) for PV, on the basis of the analysis of case studies collected and assessed in the framework of the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme - Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (SHC-EBC) Task 40-Annex 52 Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings. Considering that the traditional understanding of the use of PV in Buildings, mainly rooted in technological and morphological considerations, is not sufficient to describe all the issues emerging from this analysis, this paper is a contribution for setting a new cognitive framework in view of PV design for NetZECs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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photovoltaics architectural and landscape design options for net zero energy Buildings towards net zero energy communities spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort related considerations
29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 2014Co-Authors: Alessandra Scognamiglio, François GardeAbstract:Net Zero Energy Buildings (NetZEBs) design has become a crucial topic of research in recent years. Due to its complexity, discussion has been done on methodological criteria useful to define and assess NetZEBs (building system boundary, conversion factors, energy balance, interaction with the grid, monitoring, etc.), mainly with the engineering approach, and a number of case studies worldwide have been investigated. In regard to Photovoltaics’ (PV) design, research demonstrated that: PV is an indispensable technology for meeting the net zero energy target; 2: meeting the target of the net zero energy balance at the architectural scale (by using the only surfaces of the building envelope to place renewables) is very difficult and therefore 3. an extension of the balance boundary to a wider scale is needed. That is: the concept of NetZEB should be advanced towards the one of Net Zero Energy Community (NetZEC). In view of such an enlargement of the design domain, this paper investigates architectural and landscape design options (spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort considerations) for PV, based on the analysis of case studies collected and assessed in the framework of the International Energy Agency (IEA) SHC-EBC Task 40-Annex 52 Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings. Considering that the traditional understanding of the use of PV in Buildings, mainly rooted in technological and morphological considerations, is not sufficient to describe all the issues emerging from this analysis, this paper is a contribution for setting a new cognitive framework in view of PV design for NetZECs.
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passive cooling approaches in net zero energy Solar Buildings lessons learned from demonstration Buildings
CISBAT 2011 - International Conference CleanTech for Sustainable Buildings – From Nano to Urban Scale, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Aelenei, Michael Donn, Roberto Lollini, Helder Goncalves, Daniel Aelenei, Massa Noguchi, François GardeAbstract:Zero Energy performance Buildings have gained more attention since the publication in 2010 of the recast of the EPBD. Meanwhile the USA promotes “marketable zero energy homes in 2020 and commercial zero energy Buildings in 2025”. Japan proposes “carbon neutralized Buildings”, including existing Buildings, by 2050. The UK government aspires to achieve a zero carbon standard by 2016. With countries well on the way to putting this new standard into effect, worldwide around three hundred Buildings are already claiming Zero Energy or similar performance. Successful implementation of such an ambitious target depends on a great variety of factors. For designers and code writers these include: balancing climate driven-demand for space cooling with climate-driven supply for renewable energy resources and/or matching building design to shade from the sun in summer while providing for good daylight. With a literature full of theoretical advice and a building industry rife with myths about the value of technologies, the study of these existing Buildings may be decisive in establishing the best strategies for achieving true Net Zero energy performance. The authors of this paper, who are active participants in the IEA Task 40/Annex 52 (“Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”) intend to present and discuss the strategies used for cooling a number of selected Buildings identified in the project database as zero-energy balance, with the aim of defining solution sets and indicators of relative performance. The Buildings, which incorporate solutions for passive cooling, have been divided into three functional component sets: overheating prevention, heat rejection, and modulation and control. The IEA NZEB Buildings demonstrate a range of passive solutions for both residential and non-residential situations to show that it is possible to reduce cooling loads through passive design. This has contributed to reduction of the size of the active systems with the aim to cover the residual energy demand through Renewable Energy Systems, getting the overall building energy balance to zero. This paper will review the insights that this classification process has revealed.
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net zero energy Solar Buildings an overview and analysis on worldwide building projects
EuroSun 2010, 2010Co-Authors: Eike Musall, Tobias Weiss, Karsten Voss, Aurelie Lenoir, Michael Donn, Shaan Cory, François GardeAbstract:This paper summarises the state of two research phases within the scope of the IEA Task 40 / Annex 52 "Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings" [1]. The first objective is a cross section analysis of a comprehensive collection of more than 280 international zero energy Buildings. The aim is to show trends, motives of actors, as well as their method to reach the zero energy balance. Secondly, an indepth study shows a rough analysis and characteristics of 50 exemplary Nets ZEBs from different countries and climate regions, as well as their combinations of measures concerning energy efficiency and renewable energy supply. It is shown that diverse actors with miscellaneous motives have lead to a lot of different building variations. Typical strategies can be assigned to the typology groups "small residential building", "apartment building" and "non residential building". Net ZEBs are much more energy efficient than average Buildings which were built according to national construction and energy regulations. None of the leading Net ZEB examples exist without generation of PV electricity. Trends give an outlook of current and possible future combinations of technologies and passive measures for the realization of (future) net zero energy Buildings. 1. The Occasion
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Bringing simulation to implementation: Presentation of a global approach in the design of passive Solar Buildings under humid tropical climates
Solar Energy, 2001Co-Authors: François Garde, Harry Boyer, Robert CelaireAbstract:In early 1995, a DSM pilot initiative has been launched in the French islands of Guadeloupe and Reunion through a partnership between several public and private partners (the French Public Utility EDF, the University of Reunion Island, low cost housing companies, architects, energy consultants, etc...) to set up standards to improve thermal design of new residential Buildings in tropical climates. This partnership led to defining optimized bio-climatic urban planning and architectural designs featuring the use of passive cooling architectural principles (Solar shading, natural ventilation) and components, as well as energy efficient systems and technologies. The design and sizing of each architectural component on internal thermal comfort in building has been assessed with a validated thermal and airflow building simulation software (CODYRUN). These technical specifications have been edited in a reference document which has been used to build over 300 new pilot dwellings through the years 1996-1998 in Reunion Island and in Guadeloupe. An experimental monitoring has been made in these first ECODOM dwellings in 1998 and 1999. It will result in experimental validation of impact of the passive cooling strategies on thermal comfort of occupants leading to modify specifications if necessary. The paper present all the methodology used for the elaboration of ECODOM, from the simulations to the experimental results. This follow up is important, as the setting up of the ECODOM standard will be the first step towards the setting up of thermal regulations in the French overseas territories, by the year 2002.
Rui Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental study on the thermal performance of the shape stabilized phase change material floor used in passive Solar Buildings
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-transactions of The Asme, 2006Co-Authors: Yinping Zhang, Kunping Lin, Rui YangAbstract:The novel shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) has the following salient features: large apparent specific heat for the phase change temperature region, suitable thermal conductivity, and the ability to keep the shape stabilized when it undergoes a phase change. In this technical brief, we put forward a kind of shape-stabilized PCM floor that is able to absorb Solar radiation energy in the daytime and to release the heat at night in winter. The thermal performance of a prototype room using such a floor was studied. The experiments show that the mean indoor temperature of a room with the PCM floor is about 2°C higher than that of the room without a PCM floor, and the indoor temperature swing range is obviously minimized. Therefore, installing shape-stabilized PCM in a room may increase the degree of thermal comfort and reduce space heating energy consumption in winter In addition, the experimental results provide data for modeling and simulation research for such PCM floor systems.
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modeling and simulation on the thermal performance of shape stabilized phase change material floor used in passive Solar Buildings
Energy and Buildings, 2005Co-Authors: Yinping Zhang, Kunping Lin, Rui YangAbstract:Shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) is a kind of novel PCM. It has the following salient features: large apparent specific heat for phase change temperature region, suitable thermal conductivity, no container. In the present paper, a kind of shape-stabilized PCM floor is put forward which can absorb the Solar radiation energy in the daytime and release the heat at night in winter. Therefore, in winter the indoor climate can be improved and the energy consumption for space heating may be greatly reduced. A model of analyzing the thermal performance of this shape-stabilized PCM floor is developed. By using the modeling, the influence of various factors (thickness of PCM layer, melting temperature, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity of PCM, etc.) on the room thermal performance was analyzed. The model was verified by the experimental results. The model and the analysis are helpful for the application of shape-stabilized PCM floor in Solar Buildings.
Yinping Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental study on the thermal performance of the shape stabilized phase change material floor used in passive Solar Buildings
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-transactions of The Asme, 2006Co-Authors: Yinping Zhang, Kunping Lin, Rui YangAbstract:The novel shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) has the following salient features: large apparent specific heat for the phase change temperature region, suitable thermal conductivity, and the ability to keep the shape stabilized when it undergoes a phase change. In this technical brief, we put forward a kind of shape-stabilized PCM floor that is able to absorb Solar radiation energy in the daytime and to release the heat at night in winter. The thermal performance of a prototype room using such a floor was studied. The experiments show that the mean indoor temperature of a room with the PCM floor is about 2°C higher than that of the room without a PCM floor, and the indoor temperature swing range is obviously minimized. Therefore, installing shape-stabilized PCM in a room may increase the degree of thermal comfort and reduce space heating energy consumption in winter In addition, the experimental results provide data for modeling and simulation research for such PCM floor systems.
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modeling and simulation on the thermal performance of shape stabilized phase change material floor used in passive Solar Buildings
Energy and Buildings, 2005Co-Authors: Yinping Zhang, Kunping Lin, Rui YangAbstract:Shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) is a kind of novel PCM. It has the following salient features: large apparent specific heat for phase change temperature region, suitable thermal conductivity, no container. In the present paper, a kind of shape-stabilized PCM floor is put forward which can absorb the Solar radiation energy in the daytime and release the heat at night in winter. Therefore, in winter the indoor climate can be improved and the energy consumption for space heating may be greatly reduced. A model of analyzing the thermal performance of this shape-stabilized PCM floor is developed. By using the modeling, the influence of various factors (thickness of PCM layer, melting temperature, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity of PCM, etc.) on the room thermal performance was analyzed. The model was verified by the experimental results. The model and the analysis are helpful for the application of shape-stabilized PCM floor in Solar Buildings.
H Asan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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numerical computation of time lags and decrement factors for different building materials
Building and Environment, 2006Co-Authors: H AsanAbstract:Abstract In this study, time lags and decrement factors for different building materials have been investigated numerically. For this purpose, one dimensional transient heat conduction equation was solved using the Crank–Nicolson scheme under convection boundary conditions. To the outer surface of the wall, periodic boundary conditions were applied. Twenty-six different building materials were selected for analysis. The computations were repeated for eight different thickness of each material and the effects of thickness and the type of material on time lag and decrement factor were investigated. It was found that thickness of material and the type of the material have a very profound effect on the time lag and decrement factor. The results of present study are useful for designing more effective passive Solar Buildings and other related areas.
Anne Grete Hestnes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solar versus green the analysis of a norwegian row house
Solar Energy, 1999Co-Authors: B N Winther, Anne Grete HestnesAbstract:Abstract There are, presently, two schools of thought when it comes to designing Buildings that promote sustainable development. One school emphasizes materials use and “green” Buildings, while the other emphasizes energy use and low energy/Solar Buildings. The promoters of “green” Buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy and Solar Buildings is counteracted by the increased embodied energy in these Buildings. This paper describes the results of a study of embodied energy and energy use in operation during the lifetime in a wooden row house. The house, designed and built as a Solar house with very low energy use during operation, is located in southern Norway. It features both passive and active Solar measures. In the study, the built version is compared with four other versions: two versions where the house is designed according to the requirements of the new Norwegian Building Code, one version where the house is designed according to present standards in Norway, and one version where the house is designed according to the principles used by the architects presently building “green” Buildings in Norway. The results, which are also compared with some results from German studies, show that Solar Buildings have a lower overall energy use, when both embodied energy and energy use during operation are taken into account. The results also show that there should be little difference between the approaches of the two schools of thought. The best Buildings will generally be those that are both Solar, low energy, and “green”.
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Building Integration Of Solar Energy Systems
Solar Energy, 1999Co-Authors: Anne Grete HestnesAbstract:Abstract The way Solar systems are used in Buildings is different from what it used to be. Buildings are no longer designed to use just passive Solar energy systems, such as windows and sunspaces, or active Solar systems, such as Solar water collectors. In fact, the words passive and active no longer make sense, as the newer Buildings combine several of these technologies. They may be both energy efficient, Solar heated and cooled, and PV powered, i.e. they are simply “Solar Buildings”. The paper discusses the various approaches in building integration of Solar systems, and presents a number of successful examples. It also presents some of the work being done on improving the design processes to account for the need for a holistic approach to Solar building design.
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Solar versus green the analysis of a norwegian row house
International conference on solar energy at high latitudes, 1997Co-Authors: B N Winther, Anne Grete HestnesAbstract:There are, presently, two schools of thought when it comes to designing Buildings that promote sustainable development. One school emphasizes materials use and «green» Buildings, while the other one emphasizes energy use and low energy/Solar Buildings. The promoters of «green» Buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the Solar and low energy Buildings is counteracted by the increased embodied energy in these Buildings. The paper describes the results of a study of embodied energy and energy use in operation in a wooden row house. The house, designed and built as a Solar house with very low energy consumption during operation, is located i Hamar, in southern Norway. In the study, the built version is compared with four other versions: two versions where the house is designed according to the requirements of the new Norwegian Building Code, one version where the house is designed according to present constuction and insulation standards in Norway, and one version where the house is designed according to principles used by the architects presently designing «green» Buildings in Norway. The results of the study, whih are compared with some results from abroad, show that the Solar building has a lower overall energy use, when both embodied energy and energy use during operation is taken into account. Also, it shows that there is less difference between the approaches of the two schools of thought than is sometimes believed. The best Buildings are generally those that are both Solar, low energy, and «green».