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Andrew G. Livingston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solvent recycle with imperfect membranes a semi continuous workaround for diafiltration
Journal of Membrane Science, 2016Co-Authors: Marc Schaepertoens, Andrew G. Livingston, Christos Didaskalou, Gyorgy SzekelyAbstract:Abstract For separation of a two-component mixture, a three-stage organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN) process is presented which comprises of a two-stage membrane cascade for separation with a third membrane stage added for integrated Solvent Recovery, i.e. Solvent recycling. The two-stage cascade allows for increased separation selectivity whilst the integrated Solvent Recovery stage mitigates the otherwise large Solvent consumption of the purification. This work explores the effect of washing the Solvent Recovery unit at intervals in order to attain high product purities with imperfect Solvent Recovery membranes possessing less than 100% rejection of the impurity. This operation attains a purity of 98.7% through semi-continuous operation with two washes of the Solvent Recovery stage, even when imperfect membranes are used in a closed-loop set-up. This contrasts favourably with the 83.0% maximum purity achievable in a similar set-up with a single continuous run. The process achieves slightly lower (−0.7%) yield of around 98.2% compared to a continuously operated process without Solvent Recovery but consumes approx. 85% less Solvent (theoretical analysis suggests up to 96% reduction is possible). 9 different membranes, both commercial (GMT, Novamem, SolSep) and in-house fabricated, are screened and tested on a separation challenge associated with the synthesis of macrocycles – amongst the membrane materials are polyimide (PI), polybenzimidazole (PBI) and, polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
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In situ Solvent Recovery by Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Marc Schaepertoens, Irina B. Valtcheva, Maria F. Jimenez-solomon, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Reducing Solvent consumption in the chemical industries is increasingly becoming a topic of interest. The field of organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has markedly evolved in the past decade, and effective membranes are now available that can withstand aggressive Solvents while completely rejecting small solutes at the lower end of the nanofiltration range (100–2000 g·mol–1). With such membranes in hand and the advantages of membrane modularity, it is now possible to design innovative configurations to drastically reduce Solvent consumption and enhance sustainability of downstream processes. Notably, a membrane-based Solvent Recovery configuration reported in our group has opened a new market for OSN membranes. In this work, the current state-of-the-art OSN membranes are screened, and a possible operation window for Solvent Recovery is identified. In tandem, to tackle the high Solvent consumption challenge of membrane-based separation, we improved the Solvent Recovery configuration by combining both solu...
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increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
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Increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery—pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
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Molecular separation with an organic Solvent nanofiltration cascade – augmenting membrane selectivity with process engineering
Chemical Engineering Science, 2013Co-Authors: Weiming Eugene Siew, Andrew G. Livingston, Célal Ates, Alain MerschaertAbstract:Abstract While it is known that organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN) can be used to recycle Solvents, most commercial membranes do not retain active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) sufficiently to enable Solvent Recovery in a single stage membrane process. A multistage membrane cascade might be used to augment the overall rejection. However there have been no examples shown, to date, of this approach to concurrent API enrichment and organic Solvent Recovery. In this work, the development of a membrane cascade design is described. The use of this automated multistage cascade, for the concentration of a dilute API product solution and concurrent Solvent Recovery downstream of a chromatographic process, was demonstrated. The 3-stage cascade was able to achieve an effective rejection of 80% compared to a single pass rejection of 55%. Control of the cascade was simple and its operation was stable. Furthermore, the low permeation selectivity of one Solvent over another across the membrane meant that Solvent composition did not change significantly in the cascade. As a result no additional heat needs to be applied to keep the solutes in solution if such a system were to be used for Solvent Recovery. This is especially advantageous for processing of thermally sensitive API.
Gyorgy Szekely - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solvent recycle with imperfect membranes a semi continuous workaround for diafiltration
Journal of Membrane Science, 2016Co-Authors: Marc Schaepertoens, Andrew G. Livingston, Christos Didaskalou, Gyorgy SzekelyAbstract:Abstract For separation of a two-component mixture, a three-stage organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN) process is presented which comprises of a two-stage membrane cascade for separation with a third membrane stage added for integrated Solvent Recovery, i.e. Solvent recycling. The two-stage cascade allows for increased separation selectivity whilst the integrated Solvent Recovery stage mitigates the otherwise large Solvent consumption of the purification. This work explores the effect of washing the Solvent Recovery unit at intervals in order to attain high product purities with imperfect Solvent Recovery membranes possessing less than 100% rejection of the impurity. This operation attains a purity of 98.7% through semi-continuous operation with two washes of the Solvent Recovery stage, even when imperfect membranes are used in a closed-loop set-up. This contrasts favourably with the 83.0% maximum purity achievable in a similar set-up with a single continuous run. The process achieves slightly lower (−0.7%) yield of around 98.2% compared to a continuously operated process without Solvent Recovery but consumes approx. 85% less Solvent (theoretical analysis suggests up to 96% reduction is possible). 9 different membranes, both commercial (GMT, Novamem, SolSep) and in-house fabricated, are screened and tested on a separation challenge associated with the synthesis of macrocycles – amongst the membrane materials are polyimide (PI), polybenzimidazole (PBI) and, polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
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In situ Solvent Recovery by Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Marc Schaepertoens, Irina B. Valtcheva, Maria F. Jimenez-solomon, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Reducing Solvent consumption in the chemical industries is increasingly becoming a topic of interest. The field of organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has markedly evolved in the past decade, and effective membranes are now available that can withstand aggressive Solvents while completely rejecting small solutes at the lower end of the nanofiltration range (100–2000 g·mol–1). With such membranes in hand and the advantages of membrane modularity, it is now possible to design innovative configurations to drastically reduce Solvent consumption and enhance sustainability of downstream processes. Notably, a membrane-based Solvent Recovery configuration reported in our group has opened a new market for OSN membranes. In this work, the current state-of-the-art OSN membranes are screened, and a possible operation window for Solvent Recovery is identified. In tandem, to tackle the high Solvent consumption challenge of membrane-based separation, we improved the Solvent Recovery configuration by combining both solu...
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increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
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Increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery—pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
Jeong F. Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In situ Solvent Recovery by Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Marc Schaepertoens, Irina B. Valtcheva, Maria F. Jimenez-solomon, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Reducing Solvent consumption in the chemical industries is increasingly becoming a topic of interest. The field of organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has markedly evolved in the past decade, and effective membranes are now available that can withstand aggressive Solvents while completely rejecting small solutes at the lower end of the nanofiltration range (100–2000 g·mol–1). With such membranes in hand and the advantages of membrane modularity, it is now possible to design innovative configurations to drastically reduce Solvent consumption and enhance sustainability of downstream processes. Notably, a membrane-based Solvent Recovery configuration reported in our group has opened a new market for OSN membranes. In this work, the current state-of-the-art OSN membranes are screened, and a possible operation window for Solvent Recovery is identified. In tandem, to tackle the high Solvent consumption challenge of membrane-based separation, we improved the Solvent Recovery configuration by combining both solu...
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increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
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Increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery—pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
Luiz Antonio Viotto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solvent Recovery from soybean oil/hexane miscella by polymeric membranes
Journal of Membrane Science, 2006Co-Authors: Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro, Juliana Maria Leite Nóbrega De Moura, Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves, José Carlos Cunha Petrus, Luiz Antonio ViottoAbstract:Abstract In this work, Solvent Recovery from soybean oil/hexane miscellas (1:3, w/w) was studied. Flat sheet polymeric membranes, polysulfone and polysulfone/polyamide based, used in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration, were tested. The effects of pressure (13–27 bar) and temperature (21–49 °C) on permeate flux, oil retention and separation of free fatty acids (FFA) were evaluated by a 2 2 complete factorial design, with three central points and four axial points. Increased pressure resulted in a higher permeate flux though the retention of oil and free fatty acids by the membranes has decreased. However, higher temperatures showed positive effects on the permeate flux, retention of oil and free fatty acids permeation. The highest oil retention (67.12%) was observed for low pressure (15 bar) and high temperature (45 °C).
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Solvent Recovery from soybean oil hexane miscella by polymeric membranes
Journal of Membrane Science, 2006Co-Authors: Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro, Juliana Maria Leite Nóbrega De Moura, Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves, José Carlos Cunha Petrus, Luiz Antonio ViottoAbstract:Abstract In this work, Solvent Recovery from soybean oil/hexane miscellas (1:3, w/w) was studied. Flat sheet polymeric membranes, polysulfone and polysulfone/polyamide based, used in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration, were tested. The effects of pressure (13–27 bar) and temperature (21–49 °C) on permeate flux, oil retention and separation of free fatty acids (FFA) were evaluated by a 2 2 complete factorial design, with three central points and four axial points. Increased pressure resulted in a higher permeate flux though the retention of oil and free fatty acids by the membranes has decreased. However, higher temperatures showed positive effects on the permeate flux, retention of oil and free fatty acids permeation. The highest oil retention (67.12%) was observed for low pressure (15 bar) and high temperature (45 °C).
Irina B. Valtcheva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In situ Solvent Recovery by Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Marc Schaepertoens, Irina B. Valtcheva, Maria F. Jimenez-solomon, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Reducing Solvent consumption in the chemical industries is increasingly becoming a topic of interest. The field of organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has markedly evolved in the past decade, and effective membranes are now available that can withstand aggressive Solvents while completely rejecting small solutes at the lower end of the nanofiltration range (100–2000 g·mol–1). With such membranes in hand and the advantages of membrane modularity, it is now possible to design innovative configurations to drastically reduce Solvent consumption and enhance sustainability of downstream processes. Notably, a membrane-based Solvent Recovery configuration reported in our group has opened a new market for OSN membranes. In this work, the current state-of-the-art OSN membranes are screened, and a possible operation window for Solvent Recovery is identified. In tandem, to tackle the high Solvent consumption challenge of membrane-based separation, we improved the Solvent Recovery configuration by combining both solu...
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increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
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Increasing the sustainability of membrane processes through cascade approach and Solvent Recovery—pharmaceutical purification case study
Green Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Jeong F. Kim, Gyorgy Szekely, Irina B. Valtcheva, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Membrane processes suffer limitations such as low product yield and high Solvent consumption, hindering their widespread application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In the present work, the authors propose an efficient purification methodology employing a two-stage cascade configuration coupled to an adsorptive Solvent Recovery unit, which addresses the two limitations. The process has been validated on purification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from genotoxic impurity (GTI) using organic Solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The model system selected for study comprises roxithromycin macrolide antibiotic (Roxi) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and ethyl tosylate (EtTS) as API and GTIs, respectively. By implementing a two-stage cascade configuration for membrane diafiltration, the process yield was increased from 58% to 95% while maintaining less than 5 ppm GTI in the final solution. Through this yield enhancement, the membrane process has been “revamped” from an unfeasible process to a highly competitive unit operation when compared to other traditional processes. The advantage of size exclusion membranes over other separation techniques has been illustrated by the simultaneous removal of two GTIs from different chemical classes. In addition, a Solvent Recovery step has been assessed using charcoal as a non-selective adsorbent, and it has been shown that pure Solvent can be recovered from the permeate. Considering the costs of Solvent, charcoal, and waste disposal, it was concluded that 70% Solvent Recovery is the cost-optimum point. Conventional single-stage diafiltration (SSD) and two-stage diafiltration (TSD) configurations were compared in terms of green metrics such as cost, mass and Solvent intensity, and energy consumption. It was calculated that implementation of TSD, depending on the batch scale, can achieve up to 92% cost saving while reducing the mass and Solvent intensity up to 73%. In addition, the advantage of adsorptive Solvent Recovery has been assessed revealing up to 96% energy reduction compared to distillation and a 70% reduction of CO2 footprint.
