The Experts below are selected from a list of 17394 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Xiaoou Shu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the association of Soy Food consumption with the risk of subtype of breast cancers defined by hormone receptor and her2 status
    International Journal of Cancer, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michelle L Baglia, Yutang Gao, Gong Yang, Wei Zheng, Jing Gao, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Soy Food intake has previously been associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence for subgroups of breast cancer, particularly by menopausal and hormone receptor status, is less consistent. To evaluate the role of hormone receptor and menopausal status on the association between Soy Food intake and breast cancer risk, we measured usual Soy Food intake in adolescence and adulthood via Food frequency questionnaire in 70,578 Chinese women, aged 40-70 years, recruited to the Shanghai Women's Health Study (1996-2000). After a median follow-up of 13.2 years (range: 0.01-15.0), 1,034 incident breast cancer cases were identified. Using Cox models, we found that adult Soy intake was inversely associated with breast cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR) for fifth versus first quintile Soy protein intake = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.63-0.97]. The association was predominantly seen in premenopausal women (HR = 0.46; 95% CI:0.29-0.74). Analyses further stratified by hormone receptor status showed that adult Soy intake was associated with significantly decreased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women (HR = 0.72; 95% CI:0.53-0.96) and decreased risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer in premenopausal women (HR = 0.46; 95% CI:0.22-0.97). The Soy association did not vary by human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) status. Furthermore, we found that high Soy intake during adulthood and adolescence was associated with reduced premenopausal breast cancer risk (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.88; comparing third vs. first tertile) while high adulthood Soy intake was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer only when adolescent intake was low (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.91). Our study suggests that hormonal status, menopausal status and time window of exposure are important factors influencing the Soy-breast cancer association.

  • urinary isoflavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease
    International Journal of Epidemiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Xianglan Zhang, Yutang Gao, Gong Yang, Wei Zheng, Adrian A Franke, Qiuyin Cai, Yongbing Xiang, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Background Whether Soy Food consumption may protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. No previous study has used biomarkers of Soy intake in assessing the relationship between Soy consumption and CHD. Biomarkers that reflect both intake and metabolism may be more informative than self-reports of dietary intake. Methods We examined associations of urinary isoflavonoids, a biomarker of Soy or Soy isoflavone intake, with risk of CHD in a case–control study nested within two prospective cohort studies of Chinese adults in Shanghai. Cases were defined as subjects with no history of CHD at baseline who developed incident CHD during follow-up. Control subjects were randomly selected from those who remained free of CHD and matched to cases by sex, age, date and time of sample collection and antibiotic use. Baseline urinary isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, O-desmethylangolensin, dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein) were compared between cases (n = 377) and control subjects (n = 753). Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations. Results Total urinary isoflavonoids were not associated with CHD in either women or men. However, urinary equol excretion showed a significant inverse association with CHD in women. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for CHD across increasing quartiles of equol levels in women were 1 (reference), 0.61 (0.32, 1.15), 0.51 (0.26, 0.98) and 0.46 (0.24, 0.89) (P = 0.02 for trend). Conclusions Our study suggests for the first time that equol, a bioactive metabolite of Soy isoflavone daidzein, may be inversely associated with risk of CHD in women.

  • purine rich Foods protein intake and the prevalence of hyperuricemia the shanghai men s health study
    Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Raquel Villegas, Tom A Elasy, Wei Zheng, Yongbang Xiang, Hui Cai, Qiuyin Cai, Macrae F Linton, Sergio Fazio, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background and aims Diet may play an important role in the development of hyperuricemia and gout. However, the association between dietary factors and hyperuricemia remains unclear, and few studies have investigated direct links between Food intake and hyperuricemia. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between high purine-content Foods and protein intake with the prevalence of hyperuricemia by using data from a cross-sectional study of 3978 men aged 40–74 yrs living in Shanghai, China. Methods and Results Hyperuricemia was defined as blood uric acid level >7.0 mg/dl. One quarter of this population had hyperuricemia. Dietary information was collected by using a Food frequency questionnaire. We collected information on anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors and other potential confounding factors and disease history via interviews. Total protein consumption was not associated with hyperuricemia. We found a positive association between protein from animal sources and prevalence of hyperuricemia and an inverse association between protein from plant sources and hyperuricemia. However, these associations failed to reach significance in mutually adjusted analysis. SeaFood intake was associated with higher prevalence of hyperuricemia. The ORs for quintiles of seaFood intake (including fish and shellfish) were 1.00, 1.49, 1.35, 1.34, and 1.56 (p for trend: 0.01). An inverse association approaching significance between Soy Food consumption and hyperuricemia was observed (ORs: 1.00, 0.90, 0.70, 0.89, and 0.77 for quintiles of intake; p for trend: 0.07). No associations between consumption of purine-rich vegetables or meat and prevalence of hyperuricemia were observed. Conclusions Our data suggest a direct association between seaFood consumption and hyperuricemia and an inverse association between consumption of Soy Food and hyperuricemia among middle-aged, Chinese men.

  • legume and Soy Food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the shanghai women s health study
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008
    Co-Authors: Raquel Villegas, Yutang Gao, Gong Yang, Honglan Li, Tom A Elasy, Wei Zheng, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Background: It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). However, data linking type 2 DM risk and legume intake are limited. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association between legume and Soy Food consumption and self-reported type 2 DM. Design: The study was conducted in a population-based prospective cohort of middle-aged Chinese women. We followed 64 227 women with no history of type 2 DM, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at study recruitment for an average of 4.6 y. Participants completed in-person interviews that collected information on diabetes risk factors, including dietary intake and physical activity in adulthood. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated Food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline survey and at the first follow-up survey administered 2-3 y after study recruitment. Results: We observed an inverse association between quintiles of total legume intake and 3 mutually exclusive legume groups (peanuts, Soybeans, and other legumes) and type 2 DM incidence. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of type 2 DM for the upper quintile compared with the lower quintile was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.51,0.74) for total legumes and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.62) for Soybeans. The association between Soy products (other than Soy milk) and Soy protein consumption (protein derived from Soy beans and their products) with type 2 DM was not significant. Conclusions: Consumption of legumes, Soybeans in particular, was inversely associated with the risk type 2 DM.

  • usual dietary consumption of Soy Foods and its correlation with the excretion rate of isoflavonoids in overnight urine samples among chinese women in shanghai
    Nutrition and Cancer, 1999
    Co-Authors: Zhi Chen, Wei Zheng, Xiaoou Shu, Laurie J Custer, Qi Dai, Fan Jin, Adrian A Franke
    Abstract:

    Soy Foods and certain Soy constituents, particularly isoflavones, have been suggested to have potential cancer-inhibitory effects in laboratory and epidemiological studies. Chinese women in Shanghai consume high levels of Soy Foods and have low incidence rates of breast and other hormone-related cancers. To assess the usual dietary consumption of Soy Foods and evaluate the correlation of Soy Food consumption with the urinary excretion of isoflavonoids in overnight urine samples in this population, we analyzed data from 60 healthy women included in an ongoing population-based case-control study of breast cancer in Shanghai. Usual consumption of Soy Foods in the previous five-year period was assessed using a Food-frequency questionnaire, and urinary excretion of daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin was measured from overnight urine samples collected at the time of dietary assessment. Virtually all women (96.7%) in Shanghai consumed Soy Foods at least once a week. The median intake of Soy Food was 100.6 g/day, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 36.8 and 238.2 g, respectively. The median intake of isoflavones was 39.26 mg/day, and there was a nearly fourfold difference between the 25th and 75th percentiles of this measurement. With the increasing intake of Soy Foods, urinary excretion rates of total isoflavonoids and all individual major isoflavonoids were increased in a dose-response manner (trend test p < or = 0.05). At individual levels the urinary excretion rate of total isoflavonoids was correlated closely with dietary Soy Food intake, with a correlation coefficient of around 0.5 (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the urinary excretion rate of total isoflavonoids measured from overnight urine samples may reflect reasonably well the usual intake of Soy Foods in a population with a high level of Soy Food consumption.

Wei Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the association of Soy Food consumption with the risk of subtype of breast cancers defined by hormone receptor and her2 status
    International Journal of Cancer, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michelle L Baglia, Yutang Gao, Gong Yang, Wei Zheng, Jing Gao, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Soy Food intake has previously been associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence for subgroups of breast cancer, particularly by menopausal and hormone receptor status, is less consistent. To evaluate the role of hormone receptor and menopausal status on the association between Soy Food intake and breast cancer risk, we measured usual Soy Food intake in adolescence and adulthood via Food frequency questionnaire in 70,578 Chinese women, aged 40-70 years, recruited to the Shanghai Women's Health Study (1996-2000). After a median follow-up of 13.2 years (range: 0.01-15.0), 1,034 incident breast cancer cases were identified. Using Cox models, we found that adult Soy intake was inversely associated with breast cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR) for fifth versus first quintile Soy protein intake = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.63-0.97]. The association was predominantly seen in premenopausal women (HR = 0.46; 95% CI:0.29-0.74). Analyses further stratified by hormone receptor status showed that adult Soy intake was associated with significantly decreased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women (HR = 0.72; 95% CI:0.53-0.96) and decreased risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer in premenopausal women (HR = 0.46; 95% CI:0.22-0.97). The Soy association did not vary by human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) status. Furthermore, we found that high Soy intake during adulthood and adolescence was associated with reduced premenopausal breast cancer risk (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.88; comparing third vs. first tertile) while high adulthood Soy intake was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer only when adolescent intake was low (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.91). Our study suggests that hormonal status, menopausal status and time window of exposure are important factors influencing the Soy-breast cancer association.

  • urinary isoflavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease
    International Journal of Epidemiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Xianglan Zhang, Yutang Gao, Gong Yang, Wei Zheng, Adrian A Franke, Qiuyin Cai, Yongbing Xiang, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Background Whether Soy Food consumption may protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. No previous study has used biomarkers of Soy intake in assessing the relationship between Soy consumption and CHD. Biomarkers that reflect both intake and metabolism may be more informative than self-reports of dietary intake. Methods We examined associations of urinary isoflavonoids, a biomarker of Soy or Soy isoflavone intake, with risk of CHD in a case–control study nested within two prospective cohort studies of Chinese adults in Shanghai. Cases were defined as subjects with no history of CHD at baseline who developed incident CHD during follow-up. Control subjects were randomly selected from those who remained free of CHD and matched to cases by sex, age, date and time of sample collection and antibiotic use. Baseline urinary isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, O-desmethylangolensin, dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein) were compared between cases (n = 377) and control subjects (n = 753). Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations. Results Total urinary isoflavonoids were not associated with CHD in either women or men. However, urinary equol excretion showed a significant inverse association with CHD in women. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for CHD across increasing quartiles of equol levels in women were 1 (reference), 0.61 (0.32, 1.15), 0.51 (0.26, 0.98) and 0.46 (0.24, 0.89) (P = 0.02 for trend). Conclusions Our study suggests for the first time that equol, a bioactive metabolite of Soy isoflavone daidzein, may be inversely associated with risk of CHD in women.

  • purine rich Foods protein intake and the prevalence of hyperuricemia the shanghai men s health study
    Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Raquel Villegas, Tom A Elasy, Wei Zheng, Yongbang Xiang, Hui Cai, Qiuyin Cai, Macrae F Linton, Sergio Fazio, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background and aims Diet may play an important role in the development of hyperuricemia and gout. However, the association between dietary factors and hyperuricemia remains unclear, and few studies have investigated direct links between Food intake and hyperuricemia. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between high purine-content Foods and protein intake with the prevalence of hyperuricemia by using data from a cross-sectional study of 3978 men aged 40–74 yrs living in Shanghai, China. Methods and Results Hyperuricemia was defined as blood uric acid level >7.0 mg/dl. One quarter of this population had hyperuricemia. Dietary information was collected by using a Food frequency questionnaire. We collected information on anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors and other potential confounding factors and disease history via interviews. Total protein consumption was not associated with hyperuricemia. We found a positive association between protein from animal sources and prevalence of hyperuricemia and an inverse association between protein from plant sources and hyperuricemia. However, these associations failed to reach significance in mutually adjusted analysis. SeaFood intake was associated with higher prevalence of hyperuricemia. The ORs for quintiles of seaFood intake (including fish and shellfish) were 1.00, 1.49, 1.35, 1.34, and 1.56 (p for trend: 0.01). An inverse association approaching significance between Soy Food consumption and hyperuricemia was observed (ORs: 1.00, 0.90, 0.70, 0.89, and 0.77 for quintiles of intake; p for trend: 0.07). No associations between consumption of purine-rich vegetables or meat and prevalence of hyperuricemia were observed. Conclusions Our data suggest a direct association between seaFood consumption and hyperuricemia and an inverse association between consumption of Soy Food and hyperuricemia among middle-aged, Chinese men.

  • Soy Food intake and breast cancer survival
    JAMA, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ying Zheng, Wei Zheng, Kai Gu, Zhi Chen, Wei Lu
    Abstract:

    Context Soy Foods are rich in isoflavones, a major group of phytoestrogens that have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, the estrogen-like effect of isoflavones and the potential interaction between isoflavones and tamoxifen have led to concern about Soy Food consumption among breast cancer patients. Objective To evaluate the association of Soy Food intake after diagnosis of breast cancer with total mortality and cancer recurrence. Design, Setting, and Participants The Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, a large, population-based cohort study of 5042 female breast cancer survivors in China. Women aged 20 to 75 years with diagnoses between March 2002 and April 2006 were recruited and followed up through June 2009. Information on cancer diagnosis and treatment, lifestyle exposures after cancer diagnosis, and disease progression was collected at approximately 6 months after cancer diagnosis and was reassessed at 3 follow-up interviews conducted at 18, 36, and 60 months after diagnosis. Annual record linkage with the Shanghai Vital Statistics Registry database was carried out to obtain survival information for participants who were lost to follow-up. Medical charts were reviewed to verify disease and treatment information. Main Outcome Measures Total mortality and breast cancer recurrence or breast cancer–related deaths. Cox regression analysis was carried out with adjustment for known clinical predictors and other lifestyle factors. Soy Food intake was treated as a time-dependent variable. Results During the median follow-up of 3.9 years (range, 0.5-6.2 years), 444 deaths and 534 recurrences or breast cancer–related deaths were documented in 5033 surgically treated breast cancer patients. Soy Food intake, as measured by either Soy protein or Soy isoflavone intake, was inversely associated with mortality and recurrence. The hazard ratio associated with the highest quartile of Soy protein intake was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.92) for total mortality and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.54-0.87) for recurrence compared with the lowest quartile of intake. The multivariate-adjusted 4-year mortality rates were 10.3% and 7.4%, and the 4-year recurrence rates were 11.2% and 8.0%, respectively, for women in the lowest and highest quartiles of Soy protein intake. The inverse association was evident among women with either estrogen receptor–positive or –negative breast cancer and was present in both users and nonusers of tamoxifen. Conclusion Among women with breast cancer, Soy Food consumption was significantly associated with decreased risk of death and recurrence.

  • legume and Soy Food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the shanghai women s health study
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008
    Co-Authors: Raquel Villegas, Yutang Gao, Gong Yang, Honglan Li, Tom A Elasy, Wei Zheng, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Background: It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). However, data linking type 2 DM risk and legume intake are limited. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association between legume and Soy Food consumption and self-reported type 2 DM. Design: The study was conducted in a population-based prospective cohort of middle-aged Chinese women. We followed 64 227 women with no history of type 2 DM, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at study recruitment for an average of 4.6 y. Participants completed in-person interviews that collected information on diabetes risk factors, including dietary intake and physical activity in adulthood. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated Food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline survey and at the first follow-up survey administered 2-3 y after study recruitment. Results: We observed an inverse association between quintiles of total legume intake and 3 mutually exclusive legume groups (peanuts, Soybeans, and other legumes) and type 2 DM incidence. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of type 2 DM for the upper quintile compared with the lower quintile was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.51,0.74) for total legumes and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.62) for Soybeans. The association between Soy products (other than Soy milk) and Soy protein consumption (protein derived from Soy beans and their products) with type 2 DM was not significant. Conclusions: Consumption of legumes, Soybeans in particular, was inversely associated with the risk type 2 DM.

Shoichiro Tsugane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soy Food and isoflavones are not associated with changes in serum lipids and glycohemoglobin concentrations among japanese adults a cohort study
    European Journal of Nutrition, 2019
    Co-Authors: Calistus Wilunda, Shoichiro Tsugane, Motoki Iwasaki, Norie Sawada, Atsushi Goto, Taiki Yamaji, Mitsuhiko Noda
    Abstract:

    It is unclear whether habitual intake of Soy or isoflavones induces long-term changes in the concentrations of blood lipids and glycaemia. We examined the associations of Soy Food and isoflavone consumption with changes in blood lipids and HbA1c concentrations over 5 years among Japanese adults. This cohort study included 7252 subjects with no known history of major chronic disease at baseline. Soy intake was measured using a Food frequency questionnaire; while the concentrations of serum lipids and HbA1c were measured using standard laboratory methods. We used multivariable linear mixed-effects models to examine the associations of changes in lipids and HbA1c concentrations with intakes of Soy Food and isoflavones. Among the participants, mean age was 61 years, 67% were females and median intakes of Soy and isoflavones were 95.3 g/day and 47.4 mg/day, respectively. Soy Food and isoflavone intakes were not associated with 5-year changes in blood lipids or HbA1c concentrations. However, stratified analyses showed inverse associations between fermented Soy intake and serum lipids among obese/overweight subjects. In particular, intake of 20 g/day of natto was associated with a reduction of 1.4 (95% CI 0.3, 2.5) mg/dL in TC, 1.5 (95% CI 0.4, 2.6) mg/dL in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.0 (95% CI − 0.0, 2.0) mg/dL in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 4.0 (95% CI 0.6, 7.5) mg/dL in triglycerides. Overall, habitual consumption of Soy or isoflavones was not associated with changes in serum lipids or HbA1c concentrations. The negative associations between intake of natto and changes in serum lipids among overweight/obese subjects deserve further investigation.

  • Fermented and non-fermented Soy Food consumption and gastric cancer in Japanese and Korean populations: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
    Cancer science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jeongseon Kim, Manami Inoue, Shizuka Sasazuki, Moonsu Kang, Jung-sug Lee, Shoichiro Tsugane
    Abstract:

    Soy Food is known to contribute greatly to a reduction in the risk of gastric cancer (GC). However, both Japanese and Korean populations have high incidence rates of GC despite the consumption of a wide variety of Soy Foods. One primary reason is that they consume fermented rather than non-fermented Soy Foods. In order to assess the varying effects of fermented and non-fermented Soy intake on GC risk in these populations, we conducted a meta-analysis of published reports. Twenty studies assessing the effect of the consumption of fermented Soy Food on GC risk were included, and 17 studies assessing the effect of the consumption of non-fermented Soy Food on GC risk were included. We found that a high intake of fermented Soy Foods was significantly associated with an increased risk of GC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.44, I(2) = 71.48), whereas an increased intake of non-fermented Soy Foods was significantly associated with a decreased risk of GC (overall summary OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.54-0.77, I(2) = 64.27). These findings show that a high level of consumption of non-fermented Soy Foods, rather than fermented Soy Foods, is important in reducing GC risk.

  • Soy product and isoflavone consumption in relation to prostate cancer in japanese men
    Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2007
    Co-Authors: Norie Kurahashi, Manami Inoue, Shizuka Sasazuki, Motoki Iwasaki, Tetsuya Otani, Shoichiro Tsugane
    Abstract:

    The incidence of prostate cancer is much lower in Asian than Western populations. Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, may play a major role in the causation of prostate cancer. Although isoflavones have been suggested to show a preventive effect against prostate cancer in animal experiments, the results of epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. Here, we conducted a population-based prospective study in 43,509 Japanese men ages 45 to 74 years who generally have a high intake of isoflavones and low incidence of prostate cancer. Participants responded to a validated questionnaire, which included 147 Food items. During follow-up from 1995 through 2004, 307 men were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, of which 74 cases were advanced, 220 cases were organ localized, and 13 cases were of an undetermined stage. Intakes of genistein, daidzein, miso soup, and Soy Food were not associated with total prostate cancer. However, these four items decreased the risk of localized prostate cancer. In contrast, positive associations were seen between isoflavones and advanced prostate cancer. These results were strengthened when analysis was confined to men ages >60 years, in whom isoflavones and Soy Food were associated with a dose-dependent decrease in the risk of localized cancer, with relative risks for men in the highest quartile of genistein, daidzein, and Soy Food consumption compared with the lowest of 0.52 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.30-0.90], 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28-0.88), and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.29-0.90), respectively. In conclusion, we found that isoflavone intake was associated with a decreased risk of localized prostate cancer.

Mark Messina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soy Foods isoflavones and the health of postmenopausal women
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mark Messina
    Abstract:

    : Over the past 2 decades, Soy Foods have been the subject of a vast amount of research, primarily because they are uniquely rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. The phytoestrogenic effects of isoflavones have led some to view Soy Foods and isoflavone supplements as alternatives to conventional hormone therapy. However, clinical research shows that isoflavones and estrogen exert differing effects on a variety of health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence that Soy Foods have the potential to address several conditions and diseases associated with the menopausal transition. For example, data suggest that Soy Foods can potentially reduce ischemic heart disease through multiple mechanisms. Soy protein directly lowers blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, and the Soybean is low in saturated fat and a source of both essential fatty acids, the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid and the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, soflavones improve endothelial function and possibly slow the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Isoflavone supplements also consistently alleviate menopausal hot flashes provided they contain sufficient amounts of the predominant Soybean isoflavone genistein. In contrast, the evidence that isoflavones reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women is unimpressive. Whether adult Soy Food intake reduces breast cancer risk is unclear. Considerable evidence suggests that for Soy to reduce risk, consumption during childhood and/or adolescence is required. Although concerns have been raised that Soy Food consumption may be harmful to breast cancer patients, an analysis in 9514 breast cancer survivors who were followed for 7.4 y found that higher postdiagnosis Soy intake was associated with a significant 25% reduction in tumor recurrence. In summary, the clinical and epidemiologic data indicate that adding Soy Foods to the diet can contribute to the health of postmenopausal women.

  • the effect of Soy Food intake on mineral status in premenopausal women
    Journal of Womens Health, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ying Zhou, Mark Messina, Lee D Alekel, Philip M Dixon, Manju B Reddy
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background: Soy Foods have been substituted for meat in recent years because of proposed health benefits. Research indicates, however, that Soy protein and phytate in Soy products inhibit ...

  • estimated asian adult Soy protein and isoflavone intakes
    Nutrition and Cancer, 2006
    Co-Authors: Mark Messina, Chisato Nagata
    Abstract:

    There is substantial interest in the possible anticancer effects of Soy Foods. In part, this is because of the historically low incidence rates of breast and prostate cancer in Asia. Of the several putative Soybean chemopreventive agents, isoflavones have received the most attention. Awareness of this research has led increasing numbers of consumers to use Soy Foods, isoflavone-fortified Foods, and isoflavone supplements. Therefore, there is a need for guidance regarding appropriate isoflavone intake levels. To this end, this article analyzed Soy protein (as a surrogate for isoflavones) and isoflavone intake of the major Soy Food-consuming countries using individual dietary surveys for the bulk of the information. In total, 24 surveys from 4 countries that met the inclusion criteria were identified: Japan (n = 11), China (n = 7), Hong Kong (n = 4), and Singapore (n = 2). The results indicate that older Japanese adults consume approximately 6-11 g of Soy protein and 25-50 mg of isoflavones (expressed as aglycone equivalents) per day. Intake in Hong Kong and Singapore is lower than in Japan, whereas significant regional intake differences exist for China. Evidence suggests that < or =10% of the Asian population consumes as much as 25 g of Soy protein or 100 mg of isoflavones per day. The applicability of these findings for making Soy intake recommendations for non-Asians is discussed.

Adrian A Franke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • urinary isoflavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease
    International Journal of Epidemiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Xianglan Zhang, Yutang Gao, Gong Yang, Wei Zheng, Adrian A Franke, Qiuyin Cai, Yongbing Xiang, Xiaoou Shu
    Abstract:

    Background Whether Soy Food consumption may protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. No previous study has used biomarkers of Soy intake in assessing the relationship between Soy consumption and CHD. Biomarkers that reflect both intake and metabolism may be more informative than self-reports of dietary intake. Methods We examined associations of urinary isoflavonoids, a biomarker of Soy or Soy isoflavone intake, with risk of CHD in a case–control study nested within two prospective cohort studies of Chinese adults in Shanghai. Cases were defined as subjects with no history of CHD at baseline who developed incident CHD during follow-up. Control subjects were randomly selected from those who remained free of CHD and matched to cases by sex, age, date and time of sample collection and antibiotic use. Baseline urinary isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, O-desmethylangolensin, dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein) were compared between cases (n = 377) and control subjects (n = 753). Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations. Results Total urinary isoflavonoids were not associated with CHD in either women or men. However, urinary equol excretion showed a significant inverse association with CHD in women. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for CHD across increasing quartiles of equol levels in women were 1 (reference), 0.61 (0.32, 1.15), 0.51 (0.26, 0.98) and 0.46 (0.24, 0.89) (P = 0.02 for trend). Conclusions Our study suggests for the first time that equol, a bioactive metabolite of Soy isoflavone daidzein, may be inversely associated with risk of CHD in women.

  • effects of isoflavone supplements vs Soy Foods on blood concentrations of genistein and daidzein in adults
    Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Christopher D Gardner, Lorraine M Chatterjee, Adrian A Franke
    Abstract:

    The objective of this investigation was to examine the pharmacokinetics of isoflavone concentrations over a 24-h period among healthy adults consuming either Soy Foods or Soy isoflavone tablets at different doses. This randomized, cross-over trial was conducted with 12 generally healthy adults. The three phases of the intervention included isoflavone tablets at (1) 144 mg/day or (2) 288 mg/day and (3) Soy Foods designed to provide a calculated 96 mg isoflavones/day (doses in aglycone equivalents). Doses were spread out over three meals per day. After 6 days on each study phase, plasma isoflavone concentrations were determined on the seventh day at 0, 4, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h. Average levels of total isoflavone concentrations at 8, 10 and 12 h were >4 μmol/L for the Soy Food phase and for the higher dose tablet phase. Genistein concentrations were higher overall in the Soy Food vs. both the lower and the higher dose supplement phases of the study (P<.05). When comparing plasma concentrations for the two doses of tablets, saturation appeared more evident for genistein than for daidzein at the higher dose level. In conclusion, we observed important differences in the pharmacokinetics of genistein and daidzein contrasting the sources and doses of isoflavones when administered three times daily, including a possible advantage for increasing serum concentrations of isoflavones from consuming Soy Foods relative to isoflavone supplements.

  • usual dietary consumption of Soy Foods and its correlation with the excretion rate of isoflavonoids in overnight urine samples among chinese women in shanghai
    Nutrition and Cancer, 1999
    Co-Authors: Zhi Chen, Wei Zheng, Xiaoou Shu, Laurie J Custer, Qi Dai, Fan Jin, Adrian A Franke
    Abstract:

    Soy Foods and certain Soy constituents, particularly isoflavones, have been suggested to have potential cancer-inhibitory effects in laboratory and epidemiological studies. Chinese women in Shanghai consume high levels of Soy Foods and have low incidence rates of breast and other hormone-related cancers. To assess the usual dietary consumption of Soy Foods and evaluate the correlation of Soy Food consumption with the urinary excretion of isoflavonoids in overnight urine samples in this population, we analyzed data from 60 healthy women included in an ongoing population-based case-control study of breast cancer in Shanghai. Usual consumption of Soy Foods in the previous five-year period was assessed using a Food-frequency questionnaire, and urinary excretion of daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin was measured from overnight urine samples collected at the time of dietary assessment. Virtually all women (96.7%) in Shanghai consumed Soy Foods at least once a week. The median intake of Soy Food was 100.6 g/day, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 36.8 and 238.2 g, respectively. The median intake of isoflavones was 39.26 mg/day, and there was a nearly fourfold difference between the 25th and 75th percentiles of this measurement. With the increasing intake of Soy Foods, urinary excretion rates of total isoflavonoids and all individual major isoflavonoids were increased in a dose-response manner (trend test p < or = 0.05). At individual levels the urinary excretion rate of total isoflavonoids was correlated closely with dietary Soy Food intake, with a correlation coefficient of around 0.5 (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the urinary excretion rate of total isoflavonoids measured from overnight urine samples may reflect reasonably well the usual intake of Soy Foods in a population with a high level of Soy Food consumption.

  • Urinary Excretion of Isoflavonoids and the Risk of Breast Cancer
    Cancer epidemiology biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research cosponsored by the American Society of Pre, 1999
    Co-Authors: Wei Zheng, Xiaoou Shu, Laurie J Custer, Qi Dai, Fan Jin, Wanqing Wen, Adrian A Franke
    Abstract:

    Isoflavonoids are a group of biologically active phytochemicals that humans are exposed to mainly through Soy Food intake. Because of the similar chemical structure of these compounds and estradiol, it has been hypothesized that isoflavonoids may be related to the risk of breast cancer. Overnight urine samples from 60 incident breast cancer cases and their individually matched controls were assayed for urinary excretion rates of five major isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, and O -desmethylangolensin) and total phenols. These subjects were from a large population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, and urine samples from breast cancer cases were collected before any cancer therapy to minimize the potential influence of the disease and its sequelae on study results. Urinary excretion of total phenols and all individual isoflavonoids, particularly glycitein, was substantially lower in breast cancer cases than controls. For total isoflavonoids, the mean excretion was 13.95 nmol/mg creatinine (SD, 20.76 nmol/mg creatinine) for cases and 19.52 nmol/mg creatinine (SD, 25.36 nmol/mg creatinine) for controls ( P for difference = 0.04). The case-control difference was more evident when median levels of these compounds were compared, with the median excretion of all major isoflavonoids being 50–65% lower in cases than in controls. Individuals in the highest tertile of daidzein, glycitein, and total isoflavonoids had about half the cancer risk of those in the lowest tertile. The adjusted odds ratio for breast cancer was 0.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.88) for women whose urinary excretion of both phenol and total isoflavonoids was in the upper 50% compared with those in the lower 50%. The results from this study support the hypothesis that a high intake of Soy Foods may reduce the risk of breast cancer.