The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

G A Karim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hydrogen as a Spark Ignition Engine fuel
    Hemijska Industrija, 2002
    Co-Authors: G A Karim
    Abstract:

    Review is made of the positive features and the current limitations associated with the use of hydrogen as a Spark Ignition Engine fuel. It is shown that hydrogen has excellent prospects to achieve very satisfactory performance in Engine applications that may be superior in many aspects to those with conventional fuels. A number of design and operational changes needed to effect the full potential of hydrogen as an Engine fuel is outlined. The question whether hydrogen can be manufactured abundantly and economically will remain the limiting factor to its widespread use as an S.I. Engine fuel in the future.

  • an experimental and analytical examination of the combustion period for gas fuelled Spark Ignition Engine applications
    Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2001
    Co-Authors: Bade S O Shrestha, G A Karim
    Abstract:

    AbstractA predictive procedure is described for determining the effective time period needed to complete the energy release by combustion from the moment of flame initiation by a Spark to the completion of flame propagation in a Spark Ignition Engine while using a number of gaseous fuels and some of their mixtures. These predicted values of the combustion period when used in a relatively simple modelling procedure can produce predicted values of key Engine performance parameters that compare well with the corresponding experimentally obtained values.

  • hydrogen as an additive to methane for Spark Ignition Engine applications
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1999
    Co-Authors: S Bade O Shrestha, G A Karim
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a gas fuelled Spark Ignition Engine is enhanced when relatively small amounts of hydrogen are present with methane. This improvement in performance, which is especially pronounced at operational equivalence ratios that are much leaner than the stoichiometric value, can be attributed largely to the faster and cleaner burning characteristics of hydrogen in comparison to methane. Through analytical simulation of Engine performance, the addition of hydrogen is considered through its production in situ on board the Engine by electrolysis of water with the necessary energy supplied from Engine power. It is shown that when the work energy required for the production of hydrogen by electrolysis is taken into account, the range of viable operation of such an Engine is very narrow. This would render the whole concept of in situ hydrogen production through water electrolysis uneconomical in conjunction with Engine operation, even though the presence of additional oxygen produced with the hydrogen tends, in principle, to improve Engine performance beyond that observed with hydrogen addition. © 1999 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.

  • Hydrogen as an additive to methane for Spark Ignition Engine applications
    IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203), 1997
    Co-Authors: S.o. Bade Shrestha, G A Karim
    Abstract:

    It is shown that the performance of a gas fuelled Spark Ignition Engine can be enhanced considerably when relatively small amounts of hydrogen are present with methane. This improvement in performance which is especially pronounced at operational equivalence ratios that are much leaner than the stoichiometric value, can be attributed largely to the faster and cleaner burning characteristics of hydrogen in comparison to methane. Through analytical simulation of Engine performance, the addition of hydrogen is considered through its production in-situ on board the Engine by electrolysis of water with the necessary energy supplied from Engine power. It is shown that when the work energy required for the production of hydrogen by electrolysis is taken into account, the range of viable operation of such an Engine is very narrow. This would render the whole concept of in situ hydrogen production through water electrolysis uneconomical in conjunction with Engine operation, even though the presence of additional oxygen produced with the hydrogen tends, in principle, to improve Engine performance beyond that observed with hydrogen addition.

G Abd H Alla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • computer simulation of a four stroke Spark Ignition Engine
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2002
    Co-Authors: G Abd H Alla
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper introduces the preliminary simulation of a four stroke Spark Ignition Engine. An arbitrary heat release formula was used to predict the cylinder pressure, which was used to find the indicated work done. The heat transfer from the cylinder, friction and pumping losses also were taken into account to predict the brake mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Most of the parameters that can affect the performance of four stroke Spark Ignition Engines, such as equivalence ratio, Spark timing, heat release rate, compression ratio, compression index and expansion index are studied. The use of a real combustion curve has a profound influence on the similarity of the pressure–volume profile to that seen for the real Engine. The modeling process is obviously getting closer to reality and is now worth pursuing as a design aid.

Bilge Albayrak Ceper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of combustion characteristics and emissions in a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled with natural gas hydrogen blends
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Nafiz Kahraman, Orhan S Akansu, Bilge Albayrak Ceper, Kadir Aydin
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, an experimental study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine fuelled with methane–hydrogen mixtures (100% CH4, 10% H2 + 90% CH4, 20% H2 + 80% CH4, and 30% H2 + 70% CH4) were performed at different Engine speeds and different excessive air ratios. This present work was carried out on a Ford Engine. This is a four-stroke cycle four-cylinder Spark-Ignition Engine with a bore of 80.6 mm, a stroke of 88 mm and a compression ratio of 10:1. Experiments were performed at 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm and at wide open throttle (WOT). CO, CO2 and HC emission values and cylinder pressure were measured. The results showed that while the speed and excessive air ratio increase, CO emission values decrease. The reduction of HC and CO emissions could be obtained by adding hydrogen into the natural gas when operating on the lean mixture condition. Increasing the excessive air ratio also decreases the maximum peak cylinder pressure.

  • experimental study on a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled by methane hydrogen mixtures
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007
    Co-Authors: Orhan S Akansu, Nafiz Kahraman, Bilge Albayrak Ceper
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, effects on a Spark Ignition Engine of mixtures of hydrogen and methane have been experimentally considered. This article presents the results of a four-cylinder Engine test with mixtures of hydrogen in methane of 0, 10, 20 and 30% by volume. Experiments have been made varying the equivalence ratio. Equivalence ratios have been selected from 0.6 to 1.2. Each fuel has been investigated at 2000 rpm and constant load conditions. The result shows that NO emissions increase, HC, CO and CO 2 emission values decrease and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) values increase with increasing hydrogen percentage.

  • experimental study on a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled by methane hydrogen mixtures
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007
    Co-Authors: Orhan S Akansu, Nafiz Kahraman, Bilge Albayrak Ceper
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, effects on a Spark Ignition Engine of mixtures of hydrogen and methane have been experimentally considered. This article presents the results of a four-cylinder Engine test with mixtures of hydrogen in methane of 0, 10, 20 and 30% by volume. Experiments have been made varying the equivalence ratio. Equivalence ratios have been selected from 0.6 to 1.2. Each fuel has been investigated at 2000 rpm and constant load conditions. The result shows that NO emissions increase, HC, CO and CO 2 emission values decrease and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) values increase with increasing hydrogen percentage.

Bin Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Experimental investigation on performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine fuelled with natural gas–hydrogen blends combined with EGR
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Erjiang Hu, Xiaolei Gu, Jianjun Zheng, Zuohua Huang, Bing Liu, Bin Huang
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental investigation on the influence of different hydrogen fractions and EGR rates on the performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine was conducted. The results show that large EGR introduction decreases the Engine power output. However, hydrogen addition can increase the power output at large EGR operation. Effective thermal efficiency shows an increasing trend at small EGR rate and a decreasing trend with further increase of EGR rate. In the case of small EGR rate, effective thermal efficiency is decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction; while in the case of large EGR rate, thermal efficiency is increased with increasing of hydrogen fraction. For a specified hydrogen fraction, NOx concentration is decreased with the increase of EGR rate and this effectiveness becomes more obviously at high hydrogen fraction. HC emission is increased with the increase of EGR rate and it decreases with the increase of hydrogen fraction. CO and CO2 emissions show little variations with EGR rate, but they decrease with the increase of hydrogen fraction. The study shows that natural gas–hydrogen blend combining with EGR can realize high-efficiency and low-emission Spark-Ignition Engine.

  • experimental investigation on performance and emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled with natural gas hydrogen blends combined with egr
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Erjiang Hu, Xiaolei Gu, Jianjun Zheng, Zuohua Huang, Bing Liu, Bin Huang
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental investigation on the influence of different hydrogen fractions and EGR rates on the performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine was conducted. The results show that large EGR introduction decreases the Engine power output. However, hydrogen addition can increase the power output at large EGR operation. Effective thermal efficiency shows an increasing trend at small EGR rate and a decreasing trend with further increase of EGR rate. In the case of small EGR rate, effective thermal efficiency is decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction; while in the case of large EGR rate, thermal efficiency is increased with increasing of hydrogen fraction. For a specified hydrogen fraction, NOx concentration is decreased with the increase of EGR rate and this effectiveness becomes more obviously at high hydrogen fraction. HC emission is increased with the increase of EGR rate and it decreases with the increase of hydrogen fraction. CO and CO2 emissions show little variations with EGR rate, but they decrease with the increase of hydrogen fraction. The study shows that natural gas–hydrogen blend combining with EGR can realize high-efficiency and low-emission Spark-Ignition Engine.

  • experimental investigation on performance and emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled with natural gas hydrogen blends combined with egr
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Erjiang Hu, Xiaolei Gu, Jianjun Zheng, Zuohua Huang, Bing Liu, Bin Huang
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental investigation on the influence of different hydrogen fractions and EGR rates on the performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine was conducted. The results show that large EGR introduction decreases the Engine power output. However, hydrogen addition can increase the power output at large EGR operation. Effective thermal efficiency shows an increasing trend at small EGR rate and a decreasing trend with further increase of EGR rate. In the case of small EGR rate, effective thermal efficiency is decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction; while in the case of large EGR rate, thermal efficiency is increased with increasing of hydrogen fraction. For a specified hydrogen fraction, NOx concentration is decreased with the increase of EGR rate and this effectiveness becomes more obviously at high hydrogen fraction. HC emission is increased with the increase of EGR rate and it decreases with the increase of hydrogen fraction. CO and CO2 emissions show little variations with EGR rate, but they decrease with the increase of hydrogen fraction. The study shows that natural gas–hydrogen blend combining with EGR can realize high-efficiency and low-emission Spark-Ignition Engine.

Xiaolei Gu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • emission characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled with gasoline n butanol blends in combination with egr
    Fuel, 2012
    Co-Authors: Xiaolei Gu, Zuohua Huang, Jing Gong, Xuesong Wu
    Abstract:

    An experimental study was conducted in a port fuel-injection, Spark-Ignition Engine fuelled with blends of gasoline and n-butanol at different Spark timings and EGR rates. The effect of Spark timing, blend ratio and EGR rate on the emission characteristics (unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate size and distribution) was analyzed. BSFC (Brake specific fuel consumption) and MBT (maximum brake torque timing) at full load were also discussed. Results show that the blends of gasoline and n-butanol decrease Engine specific HC, CO and NOx emissions compared to those of gasoline. Pure n-butanol increases Engine specific HC and CO emissions and decreases NOx and particle number concentration compared to those of gasoline. n-Butanol addition can decrease particle number concentration emissions compared with that of gasoline. Advancing Spark timing increases Engine specific HC, NOx emissions and particle number concentration while it decreases Engine specific CO emissions. EGR can reduce Engine specific NOx emissions and particle number concentration simultaneously in Spark-Ignition Engine fueled with gasoline and n-butanol blends.

  • Experimental investigation on performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine fuelled with natural gas–hydrogen blends combined with EGR
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Erjiang Hu, Xiaolei Gu, Jianjun Zheng, Zuohua Huang, Bing Liu, Bin Huang
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental investigation on the influence of different hydrogen fractions and EGR rates on the performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine was conducted. The results show that large EGR introduction decreases the Engine power output. However, hydrogen addition can increase the power output at large EGR operation. Effective thermal efficiency shows an increasing trend at small EGR rate and a decreasing trend with further increase of EGR rate. In the case of small EGR rate, effective thermal efficiency is decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction; while in the case of large EGR rate, thermal efficiency is increased with increasing of hydrogen fraction. For a specified hydrogen fraction, NOx concentration is decreased with the increase of EGR rate and this effectiveness becomes more obviously at high hydrogen fraction. HC emission is increased with the increase of EGR rate and it decreases with the increase of hydrogen fraction. CO and CO2 emissions show little variations with EGR rate, but they decrease with the increase of hydrogen fraction. The study shows that natural gas–hydrogen blend combining with EGR can realize high-efficiency and low-emission Spark-Ignition Engine.

  • experimental investigation on performance and emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled with natural gas hydrogen blends combined with egr
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Erjiang Hu, Xiaolei Gu, Jianjun Zheng, Zuohua Huang, Bing Liu, Bin Huang
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental investigation on the influence of different hydrogen fractions and EGR rates on the performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine was conducted. The results show that large EGR introduction decreases the Engine power output. However, hydrogen addition can increase the power output at large EGR operation. Effective thermal efficiency shows an increasing trend at small EGR rate and a decreasing trend with further increase of EGR rate. In the case of small EGR rate, effective thermal efficiency is decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction; while in the case of large EGR rate, thermal efficiency is increased with increasing of hydrogen fraction. For a specified hydrogen fraction, NOx concentration is decreased with the increase of EGR rate and this effectiveness becomes more obviously at high hydrogen fraction. HC emission is increased with the increase of EGR rate and it decreases with the increase of hydrogen fraction. CO and CO2 emissions show little variations with EGR rate, but they decrease with the increase of hydrogen fraction. The study shows that natural gas–hydrogen blend combining with EGR can realize high-efficiency and low-emission Spark-Ignition Engine.

  • experimental investigation on performance and emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine fuelled with natural gas hydrogen blends combined with egr
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Erjiang Hu, Xiaolei Gu, Jianjun Zheng, Zuohua Huang, Bing Liu, Bin Huang
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental investigation on the influence of different hydrogen fractions and EGR rates on the performance and emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine was conducted. The results show that large EGR introduction decreases the Engine power output. However, hydrogen addition can increase the power output at large EGR operation. Effective thermal efficiency shows an increasing trend at small EGR rate and a decreasing trend with further increase of EGR rate. In the case of small EGR rate, effective thermal efficiency is decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction; while in the case of large EGR rate, thermal efficiency is increased with increasing of hydrogen fraction. For a specified hydrogen fraction, NOx concentration is decreased with the increase of EGR rate and this effectiveness becomes more obviously at high hydrogen fraction. HC emission is increased with the increase of EGR rate and it decreases with the increase of hydrogen fraction. CO and CO2 emissions show little variations with EGR rate, but they decrease with the increase of hydrogen fraction. The study shows that natural gas–hydrogen blend combining with EGR can realize high-efficiency and low-emission Spark-Ignition Engine.