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José Meseguer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of inulin on gilthead seabream Sparus aurata l innate immune parameters
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebeca Cerezuela, Alberto Cuesta, José Meseguer, Angeles M EstebanAbstract:Abstract Inulin, a fructooligossacharide, is a prebiotic that plays an important role in the immune function in mammals, but it has never been assayed in other vertebrate groups. Thus, we have studied the inulin effects on the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) innate immune response both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study, head-kidney leucocytes were incubated with inulin (ranging from 0 to 1000 μg ml−1) for 30, 90, 180 and 300 min and 24 h and any effect was observed on leucocyte viability or the main innate cellular immune responses (leucocyte peroxidase, phagocytic, respiratory burst and natural cytotoxic activities). For the in vivo study, seabream specimens were fed for 1 or 2 weeks with a commercial diet supplemented with inulin: 0 (control), 5 or 10 g inulin kg−1 diet (0.5 and 1%, respectively). Inulin produced a significant inhibition in phagocytosis and respiratory burst in leucocytes from specimens fed diets containing 0.5% or 1% of inulin for 1 week. Based on the present results, inulin does not seem to be a good immunostimulant for seabream, though its effects in other species and combined with other immunostimulans (i.e. probiotics) might be of great interest.
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total serum immunoglobulin m levels are affected by immunomodulators in seabream Sparus aurata l
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2004Co-Authors: Alberto Cuesta, José Meseguer, Maria Angeles EstebanAbstract:Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a major component of the teleost humoral immune system. Despite the significance of IgM levels as an immune parameter, there are relatively few studies on changes induced in its total levels in serum. This study examines the effects of several immunomodulators (vitamin A, chitin, yeast cells or levamisole, which act as immunostimulants, and crowding, hypoxia or anaesthetics, which act as stressors) upon the total serum IgM levels of non-immunized gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Total serum IgM levels of fish fed with the assayed immunostimulant-supplemented diets were statistically higher than those in fish fed a non-supplemented diet, especially in the case of levamisole. On the other hand, serum IgM levels of fish subjected to different stressors were not affected by crowding, hypoxia or certain anaesthetics. However, benzocaine and a narcotic dose of 2-phenoxyethanol provoked a great reduction, while quinaldine sulphate increased IgM levels to a significant degree. These results show how the seric IgM levels can be differently affected by some immunomodulators and the important role they may play in the regulation of total circulating IgM levels in seabream. The possibility of using total serum IgM for assessing immunostimulation, disease diagnosis and stress symptoms during fish farming is discussed.
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oral administration of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances the cellular innate immune response of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata l
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2002Co-Authors: J. Ortuño, Alberto Cuesta, Alejandro Rodríguez, Angeles M Esteban, José MeseguerAbstract:The effects of including lyophilised whole yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the diet on the seabream innate immune response were investigated. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) specimens were fed four different diets for 4 weeks: a commercial diet as control and the same diet supplemented with 1, 5 or 10 g/kg yeast. After 1, 2 and 4 weeks, serum complement titres, as a humoral parameter, and phagocytic, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase and natural cytotoxic activities of head-kidney leucocytes, as cellular parameters, were evaluated. The results showed that yeast supplements enhanced all the latter responses, but not the humoral response. This enhancement was dose-dependent except for the cytotoxic activity that was only stimulated by the lower dose of yeast assayed. As yeast cell walls are able to enhance the seabream cellular innate immune response, these results support the possible use of whole yeast as natural inmunostimulants in common fish diets.
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effects of four anaesthetics on the innate immune response of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata l
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2002Co-Authors: J. Ortuño, Maria Angeles Esteban, José MeseguerAbstract:Abstract Anaesthesia may depress the immune system in mammals, but there is no available information on this topic in fish. In the present work, four anaesthetics that are used in aquaculture, MS222 (0·19 mm), benzocaine (0·21 mm), 2-phenoxyethanol (1·6 mm) and quinaldine sulphate (0·083 mm), were tested in order to observe their effects on the gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L.) innate immune system. The results showed that the four anaesthetics produced increased blood glucose levels after an hour. In addition, benzocaine and 2-phenoxyethanol depressed complement activity and phagocytosis, while MS222 and quinaldine sulphate did not. Some anaesthesia is a common practice in aquaculture, the data obtained should be taken into account to avoid possible immunodepression in farmed fish.
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immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin on gilthead seabream Sparus aurata l innate immune system
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2001Co-Authors: Maria Angeles Esteban, Alberto Cuesta, J. Ortuño, José MeseguerAbstract:Abstract To determine the effects of chitin (poly [1→4]-β-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) on the innate immune response of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L.), fish were fed diets containing 0 mg (control), 25, 50 or 100 mg kg −1 chitin for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Lysozyme and natural haemolytic complement activities, together with head-kidney leucocyte respiratory burst, phagocytic and cytotoxic activities, were studied at each of the assayed times. Lysozyme activity was unaffected by the administration of chitin. The innate humoral and cellular immune response activities assayed were enhanced by the dietary intake of chitin, each increasing at a different time: natural haemolytic complement activity and cytotoxic activity after 2 weeks of treatment, respiratory burst activity from 4 weeks and phagocytic activity after 6 weeks, although, unlike the other activities, no statistically significant differences were observed in the first. The results indicate that chitin increases the activity of the seabream innate immune system, and its use as an immunostimulant is discussed, especially with regards to the protective role.
Ioannis Zabetakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of the in Vitro Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Lipid Fractions of Olive Pomace, Olive Pomace Enriched Fish Feed and Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Fed with Olive Pomace Enriched Fish Feed
Marine drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Constantina Nasopoulou, Vassiliki Gogaki, Giorgos Stamatakis, Leonidas Papaharisis, Constantinos A. Demopoulos, Ioannis ZabetakisAbstract:Given the pivotal role of Platelet-Activating-Factor (PAF) in atherosclerosis and the cardio-protective role of PAF-inhibitors derived from olive pomace, the inclusion of olive pomace in fish feed has been studied for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The aim of the current research was to elucidate the anti-atherogenic properties of specific HPLC lipid fractions obtained from olive pomace, olive pomace enriched fish feed and fish fed with the olive pomace enriched fish feed, by evaluating their in vitro biological activity against washed rabbit platelets. This in vitro study underlines that olive pomace inclusion in fish feed improves the nutritional value of both fish feed and fish possibly by enriching the marine lipid profile of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) with specific bioactive lipid compounds of plant origin.
Claire Saraux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Muscle bioenergetics of two emblematic Mediterranean fish species: Sardina pilchardus and Sparus aurata
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2019Co-Authors: Loïc Teulier, Quentin Queiros, Thoral Elisa, David Mckenzie, Damien Roussel, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, Jérôme Bourjea, Claire SarauxAbstract:We investigated links between swimming behavior and muscle bioenergetics in two emblematic Mediterranean fish species that have very different ecologies and activity levels. European sardines Sardina pilchardus are pe- lagic, they swim aerobically, school constantly and have high muscle fat content. Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata are bentho-pelagic, they show discontinuous spontaneous swimming patterns and store less fat in their muscle. Estimating the proportion of red and white muscle phenotypes, sardine exhibited a larger proportion of red muscle (~10% of the body mass) compared to gilthead seabream (~5% of the body mass). We firstly studied red and white muscle fiber bioenergetics, using high-resolution respirometers, showing a 4-fold higher oxidation capacity for red compared to white muscle. Secondly, we aimed to compare the red muscle ability to oxidize either lipids or carbohydrates. Sardine red muscle had a 3-fold higher oxidative capacity than gilthead seabream and a greater capacity to oxidize lipids. This study provides novel insights into physiological mechanisms un- derlying the different lifestyles of these highly-prized species.
Juan J Borrego - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Target organs for lymphocystis disease virus replication in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
Veterinary Research, 2017Co-Authors: Estefanía J. Valverde, Juan J Borrego, M. Carmen Sarasquete, Juan B. Ortiz-delgado, Dolores CastroAbstract:AbstractThe lymphocystis disease (LCD), the main viral pathology described in cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), is a self-limiting condition characterized by the appearance of hypertrophied fibroblasts (named lymphocysts) in the connective tissue of fish, primarily in the skin and fins. The causative agent of the disease is the Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV), a member of the Iridoviridae family. In the present study, LCDV genome and transcripts were detected by real-time PCR in caudal fin, as well as in several internal organs, such as intestine, liver, spleen, kidney and brain, from asymptomatic, diseased and recovered gilthead seabream juveniles. These results indicate that the LCDV has a broad range tissue tropism, and can establish a systemic infection, even in subclinically infected fish. As showed by in situ hybridization, the permissive cells for LCDV infection seem to be fibroblasts, hepatocytes and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Histopathological alterations associated with LCD were observed in all the organs analysed, including necrotic changes in liver and kidney, inflammatory response in the intestine submucosa or brain haemorrhage, although lymphocysts were only detected in the dermis of the caudal fin. Nevertheless, these histological changes were reverted in recovered animals.
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transmission of lymphocystis disease virus to cultured gilthead seabream Sparus aurata l larvae
Journal of Fish Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: I. Cano, Estefanía J. Valverde, Juan J Borrego, M.c. Alonso, Carmen Sarasquete, Esther Garciarosado, Benjamin Lopezjimena, Juan B Ortizdelgado, Dolores CastroAbstract:The transmission of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) to gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., larvae was investigated using fertilized eggs from a farm with previous reports of lymphocystis disease. LCDV genome was detected by PCR-hybridization in blood samples from 17.5% of the asymptomatic gilthead seabream broodstock analysed. Using the same methodology, eggs spawned from these animals were LCDV positive, as well as larvae hatched from them. The presence of infective viral particles was confirmed by cytopathic effects development on SAF-1 cells. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the presence of LCDV in the epidermis of larvae hatched from LCDV-positive eggs. When fertilized eggs were disinfected with iodine, no viral DNA was detected either in eggs (analysed by PCR-hybridization) or in larvae (PCR-hybridization and ISH). These results suggest the vertical transmission of LCDV, the virus being transmitted on the egg surface. Larvae hatched from disinfected eggs remain LCDV negative during the endotrophic phase, as showed by PCR-hybridization, ISH and IHC. After feeding on LCDV-positive rotifers, viral antigens were observed in the digestive tract, which suggests that viral entry could be achieved via the alimentary canal, and that rotifers can act as a vector in LCDV transmission to gilthead seabream larvae.
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a continuous cell line from the cultured marine fish gilt head seabream Sparus aurata l
Aquaculture, 1997Co-Authors: Julia Bejar, Juan J Borrego, Carmen M AlvarezAbstract:Abstract Conspecific cell lines provide an efficient experimental system with many applications for improving the productivity of commercial fish species. A continuous cell line SAF-1 has been developed from fin tissues of an adult gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata) without immortalising treatments. The cells grow in DME-F12 basal medium supplemented with 5% foetal bovine serum at the optimal temperature of 25 °C and have been sub-cultured approximately 70 times over a 1.5 year period. They show a fibroblast-like morphology, high efficiency of plating, doubling time of 2 days and high survival after being frozen. Karyotype and DNA content of the cell line reveal a mostly euploid and rather stable cell population, which is of great interest for cytogenetic studies. This cell line has been shown to be susceptible to several fish viruses and to bacterial extracellular products.
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microbial origin of the abdominal swelling affecting farmed larvae of gilt head seabream Sparus aurata l
Aquaculture Research, 1996Co-Authors: J Sedano, Irene Zorrilla, M A Morinigo, M C Balebona, A Vidaurreta, M A Bordas, Juan J BorregoAbstract:The aetiological agents of the abdominal swelling affecting farmed larvae of gilt-head seabream, Sparus aurata L., were studied. Four Vibrio strains were isolated from larvae of S. aurata affected by this disease, and all strains reproduced the disease in healthy larvae under controlled infection experiments, producing a significant increase of the mortality rates compared to the control (non-inoculated larvae). Several enzymatic properties, which can act as .virulence factors, were demonstrated both in the extracellular products (ECPs) and In live cells of the strains tested. Histopathological examinations of the infected fish larvae revealed important changes of the anterior intestine and liver characterized by a marked hyperthrophy of the intestinal epithelium and hepatocytes, and by a separation of the mucosal and submucosal layers in the digestive tube. These histological alterations were associated with the constant presence of cocobacillar bacteria in the anterior intestine and in the liver. However, the precise pathogenic mechanisms of the strains tested have not been completely elucidated yet.
Constantina Nasopoulou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of the in Vitro Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Lipid Fractions of Olive Pomace, Olive Pomace Enriched Fish Feed and Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Fed with Olive Pomace Enriched Fish Feed
Marine drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Constantina Nasopoulou, Vassiliki Gogaki, Giorgos Stamatakis, Leonidas Papaharisis, Constantinos A. Demopoulos, Ioannis ZabetakisAbstract:Given the pivotal role of Platelet-Activating-Factor (PAF) in atherosclerosis and the cardio-protective role of PAF-inhibitors derived from olive pomace, the inclusion of olive pomace in fish feed has been studied for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The aim of the current research was to elucidate the anti-atherogenic properties of specific HPLC lipid fractions obtained from olive pomace, olive pomace enriched fish feed and fish fed with the olive pomace enriched fish feed, by evaluating their in vitro biological activity against washed rabbit platelets. This in vitro study underlines that olive pomace inclusion in fish feed improves the nutritional value of both fish feed and fish possibly by enriching the marine lipid profile of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) with specific bioactive lipid compounds of plant origin.
