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Ian J Kitching - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first mitogenome of subfamily langiinae lepidoptera Sphingidae with its phylogenetic implications
Gene, 2021Co-Authors: Xu Wang, Hao Zhang, Ian J Kitching, Yixin HuangAbstract:Abstract To date, a relatively complete classification of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) has been generated, but the phylogeny of the family remains need to be fully resolved. Some phylogenetic relationships within Sphingidae still remains uncertain, especially the taxonomic status of the subfamily Langiinae and its sole included genus and species, Langia zenzeroides. To begin to address this problem, we generated nine new complete mitochondrial genomes, including that of Langia, and together with that of Theretra oldenlandiae from our previous study and 25 other Sphingidae mitogenomes downloaded from GenBank, analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of Sphingidae and investigated the mitogenomic differences among members of the Langiinae, Sphinginae, Smerinthinae and Macroglossinae. The mitogenomes of Sphingidae varied from 14995 bp to 15669 bp in length. The gene order of all newly sequenced mitogenomes was identical, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and the A + T-rich region. Nucleotide composition was A + T biased, and all the protein-coding genes exhibited a positive AT-skew, which was reflected in the nucleotide composition, codon, and amino acid usage. The A + T-rich region was comprised of nonrepetitive sequences, which contained regulatory elements related to the control of replication and transcription. We analyzed concatenated gene sequences, with third codon positions of protein coding genes and rRNAs excluded, using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference techniques. All four currently recognized subfamilies were recovered as monophyletic but in contrast to the most recent studies, our preferred tree placed Langiinae as the first subfamily to diverge within Sphingidae rather as sister to Smerinthinae + Sphinginae. Our results also support the removal of the genus Barbourion from the smerinthine tribe Ambulycini to an unresolved position in “Smerinthinae incertae sedis”.
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a global food plant dataset for wild silkmoths and hawkmoths and its use in documenting polyphagy of their caterpillars lepidoptera bombycoidea saturniidae Sphingidae
Biodiversity Data Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Liliana Ballesteros Mejia, Daniel H Janzen, Ian J Kitching, Pierre Arnal, Winnie Hallwachs, J Haxaire, Rodolphe RougerieAbstract:Background: Herbivorous insects represent a major fraction of global biodiversity and the relationships they have established with their food plants range from strict specialists to broad generalists. Our knowledge of these relationships is of primary importance to basic (e.g. the study of insect ecology and evolution) and applied biology (e.g. monitoring of pest or invasive species) and yet remains very fragmentary and understudied. In Lepidoptera, caterpillars of families Saturniidae and Sphingidae are rather well known and considered to have adopted contrasting preferences in their use of food plants. The former are regarded as being rather generalist feeders, whereas the latter are more specialist. New information: To assemble and synthesise the vast amount of existing data on food plants of Lepidoptera families Saturniidae and Sphingidae, we combined three major existing databases to produce a dataset collating more than 26,000 records for 1256 species (25% of all species) in 121 (67%) and 167 (81%) genera of Saturniidae and Sphingidae, respectively. This dataset is used here to document the level of polyphagy of each of these genera using summary statistics, as well as the calculation of a polyphagy score derived from the analysis of Phylogenetic Diversity of the food plants used by the species in each genus.
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Ancient incomplete lineage sorting of Hyles and Rhodafra (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Anna K. Hundsdoerfer, Ian J KitchingAbstract:The hawkmoth genus Rhodafra comprises two African species with unclear relationships, as their wing patterns are markedly different, with one species closely resembling species of a related genus, Hyles . The present paper aims to investigate the monophyly and phylogenetic position of Rhodafra in relation to Hyles and other genera of the subtribe Choerocampina (Sphingidae: Macroglossinae: Macroglossini) using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from more species and individuals than have hitherto been studied. As no fresh tissue of Rhodafra was available, ancient-DNA methodology was applied. All data corroborate the genus as monophyletic and that a similar wing pattern is not a good indicator of close phylogenetic relationship in this group of moths. Phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial data agree in placing Rhodafra within Hyles . In contrast, analysis of nuclear EF1alpha sequences produces a topology in which Rhodafra is placed as the sister clade to Hyles . Although multispecies coalescent analyses suggest a polytomy between Rhodafra , Hyles lineata and the remaining Hyles , total evidence analyses corroborate Rhodafra as sister to Hyles . This relationship is interpreted as the favoured topology. For a more robust result, the question should be re-examined using genomic approaches.
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australian Sphingidae dna barcodes challenge current species boundaries and distributions
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Rodolphe Rougerie, Ian J Kitching, J Haxaire, Scott E Miller, Axel Hausmann, Paul D N HebertAbstract:Main Objective We examine the extent of taxonomic and biogeographical uncertainty in a well-studied group of Australian Lepidoptera, the hawkmoths (Sphingidae). Methods We analysed the diversity of Australian sphingids through the comparative analysis of their DNA barcodes, supplemented by morphological re-examinations and sequence information from a nuclear marker in selected cases. The results from the analysis of Australian sphingids were placed in a broader context by including conspecifics and closely related taxa from outside Australia to test taxonomic boundaries. Results Our results led to the discovery of six new species in Australia, one case of erroneously synonymized species, and three cases of synonymy. As a result, we establish the occurrence of 75 species of hawkmoths on the continent. The analysis of records from outside Australia also challenges the validity of current taxonomic boundaries in as many as 18 species, including Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758), a common species that has gained adoption as a model system. Our work has revealed a higher level of endemism than previously recognized. Most (90%) Australian sphingids are endemic to the continent (45%) or to Australia, the Pacific Islands and the Papuan and Wallacean regions (45%). Only seven species (10%) have ranges that extend beyond this major biogeographical boundary toward SE Asia and other regions of the Old World. Main Conclusions This study has established that overlooked cryptic diversity and inaccurate species delineation produced significant misconceptions concerning diversity and distribution patterns in a group of insects that is considered well known taxonomically. Because DNA barcoding represents a straightforward way to test taxonomic boundaries, its implementation can improve the accuracy of primary diversity data in biogeography and conservation studies.
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the hawkmoth fauna of pakistan lepidoptera Sphingidae
Zootaxa, 2014Co-Authors: Muhammad Ather Rafi, Ian J Kitching, Amir Sultan, Anthony R Pittaway, Maxim Markhasiov, Muhammad Rafique Khan, Falak NazAbstract:This study represents the first complete modern account of the Sphingidae of Pakistan and takes the form of an annotated checklist, based on several national collections and those of a number of individuals. Of the 60 species and subspecies found, 14 are new records to the fauna of Pakistan, namely Agnosia orneus, Langia zenzeroides subsp. zenzeroides, Polyptychus trilineatus subsp. trilineatus, Dolbina inexacta, Ambulyx sericeipennis subsp. sericeipennis, Thamnoecha uniformis, Macroglossum belis, Macroglossum stellatarum, Cechetra scotti, Hippotion boerhaviae, Hyles euphorbiae subsp. euphorbiae, Rhagastis olivacea, Rethera brandti subsp. euteles and Theretra latreillii subsp. lucasii. Anambulyx elwesi subsp. kitchingi and Clanis deucalion subsp. thomaswitti are not recognised as valid subspecies and are synonymized with their respective nominotypical subspecies. An additional list is given of 30 taxa which may yet be found in Pakistan as they are present in neighbouring countries close to the border. Of the species/subspecies found, 24 are part of the Palaearctic fauna, 27 are part of the Oriental fauna and nine are Palaeo-Oriental/Palaeotropical. This reconfirms the transitional biogeographical position of the Pakistan fauna.
Daniel H Janzen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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revison of metaplagia coquillett diptera tachinidae with description of five new species from area de conservacion guanacaste in northwestern costa rica
Biodiversity Data Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Alan J Fleming, Winnie Hallwachs, Monty D Wood, Alex M Smith, Daniel H JanzenAbstract:Background We revise the genus Metaplagia Coquillett, 1895 and describe five new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. All new species were reared from an ongoing inventory of wild-caught caterpillars spanning a variety of species within the family Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Our study provides a concise description of each new species using morphology, life history, molecular data and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, the authors provide a re-description of the genus and a revised key to the species of Metaplagia. New information The following five new species of Metaplagia are described: Metaplagia leahdennisae Fleming & Wood sp. n., Metaplagia lindarobinsonae Fleming & Wood sp. n., Metaplagia paulinesaribasae Fleming & Wood sp. n., Metaplagia robinsherwoodae Fleming & Wood sp. n. and Metaplagia svetlanakozikae Fleming & Wood sp. n.The following is proposed by Fleming & Wood as new combination of Plagiomima Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: Plagiomima latifrons (Reinhard, 1956) comb. n.
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a global food plant dataset for wild silkmoths and hawkmoths and its use in documenting polyphagy of their caterpillars lepidoptera bombycoidea saturniidae Sphingidae
Biodiversity Data Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Liliana Ballesteros Mejia, Daniel H Janzen, Ian J Kitching, Pierre Arnal, Winnie Hallwachs, J Haxaire, Rodolphe RougerieAbstract:Background: Herbivorous insects represent a major fraction of global biodiversity and the relationships they have established with their food plants range from strict specialists to broad generalists. Our knowledge of these relationships is of primary importance to basic (e.g. the study of insect ecology and evolution) and applied biology (e.g. monitoring of pest or invasive species) and yet remains very fragmentary and understudied. In Lepidoptera, caterpillars of families Saturniidae and Sphingidae are rather well known and considered to have adopted contrasting preferences in their use of food plants. The former are regarded as being rather generalist feeders, whereas the latter are more specialist. New information: To assemble and synthesise the vast amount of existing data on food plants of Lepidoptera families Saturniidae and Sphingidae, we combined three major existing databases to produce a dataset collating more than 26,000 records for 1256 species (25% of all species) in 121 (67%) and 167 (81%) genera of Saturniidae and Sphingidae, respectively. This dataset is used here to document the level of polyphagy of each of these genera using summary statistics, as well as the calculation of a polyphagy score derived from the analysis of Phylogenetic Diversity of the food plants used by the species in each genus.
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an eyespot that blinks an open and shut case of eye mimicry in eumorpha caterpillars lepidoptera Sphingidae
Journal of Natural History, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas J Hossie, Daniel H Janzen, Thomas N. Sherratt, Winnie HallwachsAbstract:We describe the final instars of two tropical Sphingidae caterpillars – Eumorpha phorbas and Eumorpha labruscae – from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, whose anal horn has become a posterior eyespot structure capable of rapid palpitation. When approached or harassed, the caterpillars palpitate this eyespot and produce the effect of a blinking vertebrate eye. We propose that this “blinking” is an extension of eye mimicry or at least draws attention to the eyespot, functioning to startle or intimidate would-be predators. As snakes lack eyelids and do not blink, this suggests that the blinking eye represents a more generalized (or possibly mammalian) eye. Eyespot “blinking” is probably controlled by the same musculature used to wave the anal horn in earlier instars. The extent to which this eyespot is perceived as a blinking eye, and the degree of protection from the caterpillars’ suite of potential predators, remain to be discovered.
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body size distributions of large costa rican dry forest moths and the underlying relationship between plant and pollinator morphology
Oikos, 2005Co-Authors: Salvatore J Agosta, Daniel H JanzenAbstract:There has been much recent interest in explaining patterns of body size variation within species assemblages. One observation is that frequency distributions of species' body size commonly exhibit a right-skew, even on a logarithmic scale. Here we examine the species' body size distributions in two assemblages of large Costa Rican moths. We find that neither adult Sphingidae or Saturniidae exhibit the classic log right-skewed pattern. Furthermore, the species' body size distributions in these two groups are markedly different, which we suggest is a result of differential selective pressures related to resource and mate acquisition. For Sphingidae, we show (I) that body size is positively correlated with tongue length, and (2) that the distribution of sphingid body sizes/tongue lengths closely matches the distribution of flower corolla tube depths in sphingid-pollinated plants. Thus, morphological fitting between plants and pollinators seems to underlie the species' body size distribution of this sphingid assemblage. We discuss the significance of these results in the context of current theory on mechanisms driving species' body size distributions. Finally, we present an evolutionary hypothesis for the diversity of body sizes seen in this sphingid assemblage related to reciprocal interactions between plants and pollinators. This hypothesis can be tested within a rigorous phylogenetic framework, although a systematic phylogenetic analysis of Neotropical Sphingidae does not currently exist.
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host specificity and hyperparasitoids of three new costa rican species of microplitis foerster hymenoptera braconidae microgastrinae parasitoids of sphingid caterpillars
Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2003Co-Authors: Daniel H Janzen, A K Walker, James B Whitfield, Gerard Delvare, I D GauldAbstract:Three new species of parasitoid wasps (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Costa Rica are described: Microplitis espinachi Walker, n. sp.; Microplitis figueresi Walker, n. sp. and Microplitis marini Whitfield, n. sp. Two parasitoids of Sphingidae are redescribed for comparison with the three new species: Microplitis ceratomiae Riley and Microplitis chacoensis (Cameron) (=Microplitis ayerzai Brethes, New Synonymy). The ichneumonid wasp Acrolyta stroudi Gauld, n. sp., and the chalcidid wasp Conura convergea Delvare, n. sp. are also described; both are hyperparasitoids of prepupae in newly spun cocoons of M. espinachi and M. figueresi. The mesochorine ichneumonid hyperparasitoid Mesoschorus angustistigmatus Dasch, a hyperparasitoid of M. espinachi and M. espinachi larvae while still inside the caterpillar, is redescribed. The seasonal biology and host specificity of the Microplitis and associated hyperparasitoids is discussed in the context of the extensive caterpillar and parasitoid inventory data for the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. M. espinachi is a dry forest parasitoid of Agrius cingulata, Sphinx merops and nine species of Manduca (all Sphingidae), all when in the most open and insolated habitats and on a variety of host plants; it does not search for other common species of Manduca or other Sphingidae in slightly shadier microhabitats a few meters away. The extremely similar M. figueresi parasitizes Erinnyis ello and Erinnyis crameri (Sphingidae) in slightly shadier older woody succession (only a few meters from the microhabitat occupied by M. espinachi), and conspicuously does not parasitize Erinnyis oenotris or the tens of other species of sphingid caterpillars in the same habitat. M. figueresi finds E. ello on seven different species of food plants, and E. crameri on two others (but does not parasitize E. crameri on an insolated third). Neither species of Microplitis extends from the ACG dry forest into the contiguous cloud forest or rain forest, even though their host caterpillars do. While E. ello is a common pest in commercial cassava plantations, M. figueresi does not appear to have followed this host into this highly insolated habitat. Both species are highly univoltine and pass the last two thirds of the rainy season and six-month dry season in an extremely tough silk cocoon in the litter. In the ACG, M. marini is a parasitoid of only Xylophanes tersa in very insolated low herbaceous vegetation in mid-elevation rainforest and lower elevation cloud forest, and does not parasitize at least 15 other species of Xylophanes in the adjacent forest understory. (Resume d'auteur)
Jianhua Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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complete mitogenome of parum colligata lepidoptera Sphingidae and its phylogenetic position within the Sphingidae
Zootaxa, 2019Co-Authors: Yaqi Zhao, Ruirui Lin, Yaoyao Zhang, Zhuoran Huang, Shuying Peng, Xuexia Geng, Haijun Zhang, Xu Zhang, Jianhua DingAbstract:In this study, the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Parum colligata (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae: Smerinthinae) was sequenced firstly. The mitogenome is 15,288 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and an A+T-rich region. In the mitogenome, Ile, Leu2, and Phe are the most frequently used codon families, while codons GCG, TGC, GGC, CTG, AGG, and ACG are absent. The A+T-rich region is 358 bp in length including a motif 'ATAGA', an 18 bp poly-T stretch, three copies of a 12 bp 'TATATATATATA', and a short poly-A element. The nucleotides sequence of A+T-rich region is closer to Sphinginae than Macroglossinae. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the PCGs by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods, generated consistent results that Smerinthinae was clustered together with Sphinginae to be the sister groups rather than Macroglossinae.
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mitochondrial genome characteristics of two Sphingidae insects psilogramma increta and macroglossum stellatarum and implications for their phylogeny
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018Co-Authors: Yaoyao Zhang, Yaqi Zhao, Ruirui Lin, Zhuoran Huang, Xuexia Geng, Xu Zhang, Jianhua DingAbstract:Abstract In this study, complete mitogenomes of P. increta and M. stellatarum (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) were sequenced and compared with other Sphingidae species. The mitogenomes containing 37 genes and a AT rich region are circular molecules with 15,252 and 15,290 base pairs in length respectively. Except cox1 all 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons. Most of PCGs terminate with TAA except nad5 and cox1 in P. increta and nad5 and cox2 in M. stellatarum. Ile and Leu2 are the most frequently used codon families in both species and codons CGC, CCG, TCG and ACG are absent in P. increta while in M. stellatarum CGC, CCG, CTG, AGG are absent. All the tRNA genes could be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure except the trnS1 of P. increta which lost dihydrouridine (DHU) stem. The AT-rich region of both insects includes the motif ATAGA followed by a 18–19 bp polyT stretch and 2–3 short tandem repeats (STRs) of TA, and a poly-A element. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the phylogenetic relationships are (((Sphinx morio + Manduca sexta) + (P. increta + Notonagemia analis scribae)) + (Agrius convolvuli) + (M. stellatarum + (Ampelophaga rubiginosa + Daphnis nerii)).
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial DNA of Theretra japonica and its phylogenetic position within the Sphingidae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)
Pensoft Publishers, 2018Co-Authors: Ruirui Lin, Yaqi Zhao, Yaoyao Zhang, Zhuoran Huang, Xuexia Geng, Xu Zhang, Jianhua DingAbstract:In the present study, the complete mitogenome of Theretra japonica was sequenced and compared with other sequenced mitogenomes of Sphingidae species. The mitogenome of T. japonica, containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes) and a region rich in adenine and thymine (AT-rich region), is a circular molecule with 15,399 base pairs (bp) in length. The order and orientation of the genes in the mitogenome are similar to those of other sequenced mitogenomes of Sphingidae species. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons except for the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) which is initiated by the codon CGA as observed in other lepidopteran insects. Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 2 gene (cox2) has the incomplete termination codon T and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene (nad1) terminates with TAG while the remainder terminates with TAA. Additionally, the codon distributions of the 13 PCGs revealed that Ile and Leu2 are the most frequently used codon families and codons CGG, CGC, CCG, CAG, and AGG are absent. The 431 bp AT-rich region includes the motif ATAGA followed by a 23 bp poly-T stretch, short tandem repeats (STRs) of TC and TA, two copies of a 28 bp repeat ‘ATTAAATTAATAAATTAA TATATTAATA’ and a poly-A element. Phylogenetic analyses within Sphingidae confirmed that T. japonica belongs to the Macroglossinae and showed that the phylogenetic relationship of T. japonica is closer to Ampelophaga rubiginosa than Daphnis nerii. Phylogenetic analyses within Theretra demonstrate that T. japonica, T. jugurtha, T. suffusa, and T. capensis are clustered into one clade
Akito Y Kawahara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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resolving relationships among the megadiverse butterflies and moths with a novel pipeline for anchored phylogenomics
Systematic Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Jesse W Breinholt, Chandra Earl, Alan R Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Lei Xiao, Akito Y KawaharaAbstract:The advent of next-generation sequencing technology has allowed for thecollection of large portions of the genome for phylogenetic analysis. Hybrid enrichment and transcriptomics are two techniques that leverage next-generation sequencing and have shown much promise. However, methods for processing hybrid enrichment data are still limited. We developed a pipeline for anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) read assembly, orthology determination, contamination screening, and data processing for sequences flanking the target "probe" region. We apply this approach to study the phylogeny of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), a megadiverse group of more than 157,000 described species with poorly understood deep-level phylogenetic relationships. We introduce a new, 855 locus AHE kit for Lepidoptera phylogenetics and compare resulting trees to those from transcriptomes. The enrichment kit was designed from existing genomes, transcriptomes, and expressed sequence tags and was used to capture sequence data from 54 species from 23 lepidopteran families. Phylogenies estimated from AHE data were largely congruent with trees generated from transcriptomes, with strong support for relationships at all but the deepest taxonomic levels. We combine AHE and transcriptomic data to generate a new Lepidoptera phylogeny, representing 76 exemplar species in 42 families. The tree provides robust support for many relationships, including those among the seven butterfly families. The addition of AHE data to an existing transcriptomic dataset lowers node support along the Lepidoptera backbone, but firmly places taxa with AHE data on the phylogeny. Combining taxa sequenced for AHE with existing transcriptomes and genomes resulted in a tree with strong support for (Calliduloidea $+$ Gelechioidea $+$ Thyridoidea) $+$ (Papilionoidea $+$ Pyraloidea $+$ Macroheterocera). To examine the efficacy of AHE at a shallow taxonomic level, phylogenetic analyses were also conducted on a sister group representing a more recent divergence, the Saturniidae and Sphingidae. These analyses utilized sequences from the probe region and data flanking it, nearly doubled the size of the dataset; resulting trees supported new phylogenetics relationships, especially within the Saturniidae and Sphingidae (e.g., Hemarina derived in the latter). We hope that our data processing pipeline, hybrid enrichment gene set, and approach of combining AHE data with transcriptomes will be useful for the broader systematics community.
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phylogeny and biogeography of hawkmoths lepidoptera Sphingidae evidence from five nuclear genes
PLOS ONE, 2009Co-Authors: Akito Y Kawahara, Ian J Kitching, Andre A Mignault, Jerome C Regier, Charles MitterAbstract:Background: The 1400 species of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) comprise one of most conspicuous and wellstudied groups of insects, and provide model systems for diverse biological disciplines. However, a robust phylogenetic framework for the family is currently lacking. Morphology is unable to confidently determine relationships among most groups. As a major step toward understanding relationships of this model group, we have undertaken the first large-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of hawkmoths representing all subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Methodology/Principal Findings: The data set consisted of 131 sphingid species and 6793 bp of sequence from five protein-coding nuclear genes. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses provided strong support for more than twothirds of all nodes, including strong signal for or against nearly all of the fifteen current subfamily, tribal and sub-tribal groupings. Monophyly was strongly supported for some of these, including Macroglossinae, Sphinginae, Acherontiini, Ambulycini, Philampelini, Choerocampina, and Hemarina. Other groupings proved para- or polyphyletic, and will need significant redefinition; these include Smerinthinae, Smerinthini, Sphingini, Sphingulini, Dilophonotini, Dilophonotina, Macroglossini, and Macroglossina. The basal divergence, strongly supported, is between Macroglossinae and Smerinthinae+Sphinginae. All genes contribute significantly to the signal from the combined data set, and there is little conflict between genes. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals multiple separate origins of New World and Old World radiations. Conclusions/Significance: Our study provides the first comprehensive phylogeny of one of the most conspicuous and wellstudied insects. The molecular phylogeny challenges current concepts of Sphingidae based on morphology, and provides a foundation for a new classification. While there are multiple independent origins of New World and Old World radiations, we conclude that broad-scale geographic distribution in hawkmoths is more phylogenetically conserved than previously postulated.
Mirna M. Casagrande - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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saturniidae and Sphingidae lepidoptera bombycoidea assemblage in vossoroca tijucas do sul parana brazil
Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 2015Co-Authors: Fabio Lopes De Souza Santos, Mirna M. Casagrande, Olaf H. H. MielkeAbstract:The richness and abundance of the assemblage of species in a community are a way to understand the patterns of diversity found around the world. This study describes the assemblages of Saturniidae and Sphingidae in an area of Montana Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, Tijucas do Sul, Parana, Brazil, 880m, 25°50'8.93"S, 49° 02'55.20"W. Samples were collected between November 2010 and September 2011 during two nights at the twelve new moons periods with a light trap equipped with black light lamp (ultraviolet) of 46 watts between two mercury mixed-light lamps HWL 250 watts from 6:00 p.m to 06:00 a.m. The sampling effort totaled 288 hours. This sampling effort was responsible for the capture of 1235 specimens, distributed in 124 species: 858 specimens and 86 species of Saturniidae, and 377 specimens and 38 species of Sphingidae. It is noteworthy the sampling of 10 new species: one of Automerella Michener, 1949, two of Hylesia Hubner, [1820], one of Lonomia Walker, 1855 and six of Periga Walker, 1855, that will be described.
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Estudo comparado da morfologia externa de Zaretis itys itylus (Westwood) e Agrias claudina annetta (Gray). (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae): II. Tórax e apêndices Comparative study of the external morphology of Zaretis itys itylus (Westwood) an
Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos Guilherme C. Mielke, Olaf H. H. Mielke, Mirna M. CasagrandeAbstract:Realizou-se um estudo detalhado e comparado da morfologia externa do tórax e apêndices de duas espécies de Charaxinae, Zaretis itys itylus (Westwood, 1850) e Agrias claudina annetta (Gray, 1832). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outros já publicados e relacionados com morfologia externa de outros Nymphalidae (Brassolinae, Morphinae, Danainae e Ithomiinae), Lycaenidae, Saturniidae e Sphingidae.Two species of Charaxinae, Zaretis itys itylus (Westwood, 1850) and Agrias claudina annetta (Gray, 1832) were subject of a detailed and comparative study of external morphology of the thorax and appendages. The results obtained were compared with other studies published and related to the external morphology of other Nymphalidae (Brassolinae, Morphinae, Danainae and Ithomiinae), Lycaenidae, Saturniidae and Sphingidae
