The Experts below are selected from a list of 213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Richard L Goode - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli.
    Hearing research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Stefan Stenfelt, Sunil Puria, Naohito Hato, Richard L Goode
    Abstract:

    It is generally accepted that bone conduction (BC) stimuli yield a traveling wave on the basilar membrane (BM) and hence stimulate the cochlea by the same mechanisms as normal air conduction (AC). The basis for this is the ability to cancel or mask a BC tone with an AC tone and the ability to generate two tone distortion products with a BC tone and an AC tone. The hypothesis is proposed that BC stimulates the BM not only through the hydrodynamics of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani, but also through osseous Spiral Lamina (OSL) vibrations. To test this hypothesis the BM and OSL response with AC as well as BC stimulation was measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer. Human temporal bones mounted on a shaker were used to record the velocities of the bone per se, the BM and the OSL. The measurements were then converted to relative BM and OSL velocities. The results from the basal turn of the cochlea show similar behavior with AC and BC stimulation. The motion of the OSL at the edge where it connects to the BM is in phase and is typically 6 dB lower than the BM motion. With BC stimulation, there is less phase accumulation in the OSL after the cochlea is drained; the OSL moves due to inertial forces and resonates at approximately 7 kHz. Inertial vibration of the OSL may partially contribute to the total response of BC sound, especially at the high frequencies, although current models of the cochlea assume a rigid OSL. The measurements reported here can be used to include a flexible OSL in cochlear models.

  • basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli
    Hearing Research, 2003
    Co-Authors: Stefan Stenfelt, Sunil Puria, Naohito Hato, Richard L Goode
    Abstract:

    Basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli

L. K. Cefaratti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Electron-microscopic localization of type II, IX, and V collagen in the organ of Corti of the gerbil
    Cell and Tissue Research, 1992
    Co-Authors: N. B. Slepecky, J. E. Savage, L. K. Cefaratti
    Abstract:

    The presence of types II, IX and V collagen was probed in the organ of Corti of the adult gerbil cochlea by use of immunocytochemistry at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. Type II collagen is found in the connective tissues of the osseous Spiral Lamina and Spiral limbus. In the region of the sensory hair cells it is present in the tectorial membrane and antibodies bind to the thick unbranched radial fibers. Type IX collagen co-localizes with type II collagen in the tectorial membrane, where antibodies bind to the thick unbranched radial fibers. Type V collagen is present in the connective tissue of the Spiral limbus, the osseous Spiral Lamina, the eighth nerve, and the tectorial membrane. In the tectorial membrane, the staining with antibodies to type V collagen is more diffuse than that seen for types II and IX collagen and antibodies to type V bind to the thin, highly branched fibers in which the thick fibers are embedded. The results indicate that collagens characteristic of cartilage are localized in the organ of Corti. Within the tectorial membrane, types II and IX collagen form heterotypic thick fibers embedded in a reticular network of type V collagen fibers. These collagens form a highly structured matrix which contributes to the rigidity of the tectorial membrane and allow it to withstand the physical stresses associated with transmission of the stimuli necessary for sensory transduction.

Stefan Stenfelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli.
    Hearing research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Stefan Stenfelt, Sunil Puria, Naohito Hato, Richard L Goode
    Abstract:

    It is generally accepted that bone conduction (BC) stimuli yield a traveling wave on the basilar membrane (BM) and hence stimulate the cochlea by the same mechanisms as normal air conduction (AC). The basis for this is the ability to cancel or mask a BC tone with an AC tone and the ability to generate two tone distortion products with a BC tone and an AC tone. The hypothesis is proposed that BC stimulates the BM not only through the hydrodynamics of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani, but also through osseous Spiral Lamina (OSL) vibrations. To test this hypothesis the BM and OSL response with AC as well as BC stimulation was measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer. Human temporal bones mounted on a shaker were used to record the velocities of the bone per se, the BM and the OSL. The measurements were then converted to relative BM and OSL velocities. The results from the basal turn of the cochlea show similar behavior with AC and BC stimulation. The motion of the OSL at the edge where it connects to the BM is in phase and is typically 6 dB lower than the BM motion. With BC stimulation, there is less phase accumulation in the OSL after the cochlea is drained; the OSL moves due to inertial forces and resonates at approximately 7 kHz. Inertial vibration of the OSL may partially contribute to the total response of BC sound, especially at the high frequencies, although current models of the cochlea assume a rigid OSL. The measurements reported here can be used to include a flexible OSL in cochlear models.

  • basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli
    Hearing Research, 2003
    Co-Authors: Stefan Stenfelt, Sunil Puria, Naohito Hato, Richard L Goode
    Abstract:

    Basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli

Sunil Puria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli.
    Hearing research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Stefan Stenfelt, Sunil Puria, Naohito Hato, Richard L Goode
    Abstract:

    It is generally accepted that bone conduction (BC) stimuli yield a traveling wave on the basilar membrane (BM) and hence stimulate the cochlea by the same mechanisms as normal air conduction (AC). The basis for this is the ability to cancel or mask a BC tone with an AC tone and the ability to generate two tone distortion products with a BC tone and an AC tone. The hypothesis is proposed that BC stimulates the BM not only through the hydrodynamics of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani, but also through osseous Spiral Lamina (OSL) vibrations. To test this hypothesis the BM and OSL response with AC as well as BC stimulation was measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer. Human temporal bones mounted on a shaker were used to record the velocities of the bone per se, the BM and the OSL. The measurements were then converted to relative BM and OSL velocities. The results from the basal turn of the cochlea show similar behavior with AC and BC stimulation. The motion of the OSL at the edge where it connects to the BM is in phase and is typically 6 dB lower than the BM motion. With BC stimulation, there is less phase accumulation in the OSL after the cochlea is drained; the OSL moves due to inertial forces and resonates at approximately 7 kHz. Inertial vibration of the OSL may partially contribute to the total response of BC sound, especially at the high frequencies, although current models of the cochlea assume a rigid OSL. The measurements reported here can be used to include a flexible OSL in cochlear models.

  • Cochlear anatomy using micro computed tomography (μCT) imaging
    Proceedings of SPIE, 2008
    Co-Authors: Yong-jin Yoon, Charles R. Steele, Sunil Puria
    Abstract:

    A novel micro computed tomography (μCT) image processing method was implemented to measure anatomical features of the gerbil and chinchilla cochleas, taking into account the bent modailosis axis. Measurements were made of the scala vestibule (SV) area, the scala tympani (SV) area, and the basilar membrane (BM) width using prepared cadaveric temporal bones. 3-D cochlear structures were obtained from the scanned images using a process described in this study. It was necessary to consider the sharp curvature of mododailosis axis near the basal region. The SV and ST areas were calculated from the μCT reconstructions and compared with existing data obtained by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (MRM), showing both qualitative and quantitative agreement. In addition to this, the width of the BM, which is the distance between the primary and secondary osseous Spiral Laminae, is calculated for the two animals and compared with previous data from the MRM method. For the gerbil cochlea, which does not have much cartilage in the osseous Spiral Lamina, the μCT-based BM width measurements show good agreement with previous data. The chinchilla BM, which contains more cartilage in the osseous Spiral Lamina than the gerbil, shows a large difference in the BM widths between the μCT and MRM methods. The SV area, ST area, and BM width measurements from this study can be used in building an anatomically based mathematical cochlear model.

  • basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli
    Hearing Research, 2003
    Co-Authors: Stefan Stenfelt, Sunil Puria, Naohito Hato, Richard L Goode
    Abstract:

    Basilar membrane and osseous Spiral Lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli

John J. Guinan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anatomy of the Human Osseous Spiral Lamina and Cochlear Partition Bridge: Relevance for Cochlear Partition Motion
    Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Stefan Raufer, Cornelia Idoff, Aleksandrs Zosuls, Giacomo Marino, Nathan Blanke, Irving J. Bigio, Jennifer T. O’malley, Barbara J. Burgess, Joseph B. Nadol, John J. Guinan
    Abstract:

    The classic view of cochlear partition (CP) motion, generalized to be for all mammals, was derived from basal-turn measurements in laboratory animals. Recently, we reported motion of the human CP in the cochlear base that differs substantially from the classic view. We described a human soft tissue “bridge” (non-existent in the classic view) between the osseous Spiral Lamina (OSL) and basilar membrane (BM), and showed how OSL and bridge move in response to sound. Here, we detail relevant human anatomy to better understand the relationship between form and function. The bridge and BM have similar widths that increase linearly from base to apex, whereas the OSL width decreases from base to apex, leading to an approximately constant total CP width throughout the cochlea. The bony three-dimensional OSL microstructure, reconstructed from unconventionally thin, 2-μm histological sections, revealed thin, radially wide OSL plates with pores that vary in size, extent, and distribution with cochlear location. Polarized light microscopy revealed collagen fibers in the BM that spread out medially through the bridge to connect to the OSL. The long width and porosity of the OSL may explain its considerable bending flexibility. The similarity of BM and bridge widths along the cochlea, both containing continuous collagen fibers, may make them a functional unit and allow maximum CP motion near the bridge-BM boundary, as recently described. These anatomical findings may help us better understand the motion of the structures surrounding the organ of Corti and how they shape the input to the cochlear sensory mechanism.