The Experts below are selected from a list of 1556397 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spontaneity of communication in individuals with autism.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2007Co-Authors: Hsu-min Chiang, Mark CarterAbstract:This article provides an examination of issues related to Spontaneity of communication in children with autism. Deficits relating to Spontaneity or initiation are frequently reported in individuals with autism, particularly in relation to communication and social behavior. Nevertheless, Spontaneity is not necessarily clearly conceptualized or measured. Several approaches to conceptualization of communicative Spontaneity are examined with a particular focus on the continuum model and how it might be practically applied. A range of possible explanations for deficits in Spontaneity of communication in children with autism is subsequently explored, including external factors (highly structured teaching programs, failure to systematically instruct for Spontaneity) and intrinsic characteristics (intellectual disability, stimulus overselectivity, weak central coherence). Possible implications for future research are presented.
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communicative Spontaneity of children with high support needs who use augmentative and alternative communication systems i classroom Spontaneity mode and function
Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 2003Co-Authors: Mark CarterAbstract:In the present study, the communicative Spontaneity of 23 children with high support needs who used Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) in a classroom setting was evaluated. In contrast to previous research, Spontaneity was evaluated on a continuum rather than being treated as a binary variable. Spontaneity was found to be highly variable, but some students clearly lacked the range of Spontaneity that would be associated with fully functional communication. Aided AAC systems were notably less spontaneous than signing or nonsymbolic communication. There was also evidence of systematic variation in Spontaneity across pragmatic function, with instrumental functions being more spontaneous than commenting. The results of the present study highlight the need to consider Spontaneity when assessing individuals who use AAC systems.
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a conceptual analysis of communicative Spontaneity
Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 2002Co-Authors: Mark Carter, Greg D HotchkisAbstract:Communicative Spontaneity is reported to present a significant problem for individuals with high support needs. Examination of literature addressing communicative Spontaneity reveals conceptually opposing views of the phenomenon. Both the binary and the continuum conceptualisations are examined in this paper in specific relation to their logical consistency, explanatory power and limitations. It is argued that the continuum conceptualisation offers much greater explanatory power and facilitates understanding of communicative Spontaneity. Several approaches to the operationalisation of the continuum approach are considered and contrasted. Limitations and problems with existing approaches to the operationalisation of Spontaneity are explored and an alternative proposed.
Lila Leontidou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the crisis and its discourses quasi orientalist attacks on mediterranean urban Spontaneity informality and joie de vivre
City, 2014Co-Authors: Lila LeontidouAbstract:Mediterranean cities have always followed a path of urban development that diverges significantly from Anglo-American models. Spontaneity and informality have been deeply embedded in the cities' roots since Gramsci's time, but they have been transformed recently, together with urban development dynamics. A major rupture is observed in Southern Europe at the turn of the 21st century and especially the 2010s, when the region has been beaten by the force of the major global financial restructuring labelled the crisis, centralization/privatization and accumulation by dispossession. In anti-austerity social movements, popular Spontaneity emerges as the par excellence force undermining neo-liberal hegemony and bringing to the surface niches of creativity of the urban grassroots, with the help of ICT (information and communications technology) dissemination. Focusing on Athens and two instances of massive mobilization in 2011 and 2013, we explore whether Spontaneity and informality stamping urban development wil...
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athens in the mediterranean movement of the piazzas Spontaneity in material and virtual public spaces
City, 2012Co-Authors: Lila LeontidouAbstract:Mediterranean cities are carrying Gramsci's concept of Spontaneity into the 21st century through massive social movements after the ‘Arab Spring’. This paper explores the ways in which the material and virtual cityscape interact with socio-political transformation during the ‘movement of the piazzas’ in Athens, Greece. After a discussion of the importance of urban informality, porosity and land-use mixtures for social cohesion, of creeping ghettoization in some enclaves and of the perils of urbicide, we proceed to an analysis of grassroots action in Athens in comparison with different cities of the Mediterranean and beyond. Social movements are placed in their respective local and global context—their recurrent material landscapes and their cosmopolitan virtual spaces of digital interaction. This analysis leads to reflections on the possible role of popular Spontaneity in democratization and in European integration at the grassroots level, against the onslaught of neoliberalism and accumulation by disposs...
Hsu-min Chiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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communicative Spontaneity of children with autism a preliminary analysis
Autism, 2008Co-Authors: Hsu-min ChiangAbstract:The communicative Spontaneity of children with autism who had limited spoken language in their natural environment was investigated. This naturalistic observation is a preliminary study using a continuum model to describe the nature of communicative Spontaneity. The results indicate that the level of communicative Spontaneity in the natural environment varied (1) along a continuum, (2) across communicative forms, functions, activities, partners and consequences, and (3) across the effectiveness of requesting and rejecting functions. The findings from this study may provide some directions for future study.
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Spontaneity of communication in individuals with autism.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2007Co-Authors: Hsu-min Chiang, Mark CarterAbstract:This article provides an examination of issues related to Spontaneity of communication in children with autism. Deficits relating to Spontaneity or initiation are frequently reported in individuals with autism, particularly in relation to communication and social behavior. Nevertheless, Spontaneity is not necessarily clearly conceptualized or measured. Several approaches to conceptualization of communicative Spontaneity are examined with a particular focus on the continuum model and how it might be practically applied. A range of possible explanations for deficits in Spontaneity of communication in children with autism is subsequently explored, including external factors (highly structured teaching programs, failure to systematically instruct for Spontaneity) and intrinsic characteristics (intellectual disability, stimulus overselectivity, weak central coherence). Possible implications for future research are presented.
Jennifer M George - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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organizational Spontaneity in context
Human Performance, 1997Co-Authors: Jennifer M George, Gareth R JonesAbstract:This article suggests that our understanding of extra-role behaviors such as organiza- tional Spontaneity may be enhanced by considering the context in which these behaviors occur. The context may provide individuals with either opportunities to engage in forms of organizational Spontaneity or constraints against performing these behaviors. Proposed contextual influences at the individual level of analysis include skill level, self-efficacy, role definitions, interpersonal relationships, and help-seek- ing behavior. Proposed contextual influences at the group level of analysis are group norms, interdependence, and goals. Proposed contextual influences at the organiza- tional level of analysis include organizational structure, culture, company policies, and reward systems. Lastly, proposed contextual influences at the interorganizational level of analysis include the isomorphic forces that result in organizations becoming more similar to each other over time. Implications of this analysis for future theori...
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feeling good doing good a conceptual analysis of the mood at work organizational Spontaneity relationship
Psychological Bulletin, 1992Co-Authors: Jennifer M George, Arthur P BriefAbstract:Five forms of organizational Spontaneity are described (helping co-workers, protecting the organization, making constructive suggestions, developing oneself, and spreading goodwill). Organizational Spontaneity is compared with the seemingly analogous constructs of organizational citizenship behavior and prosocial organizational behavior. Based on a selective review of the literature, a multilevel model of Spontaneity is presented. Positive mood at work is a pivotal construct in the model and posited as the direct precursor of organizational Spontaneity. Primary work-group characteristics, the affective tone of the primary work group, affective disposition, life event history, and contextual characteristics are proposed to have direct or indirect effects, or both, on positive mood at work. Motivational bases of organizational Spontaneity also are described. The model and its implications are discussed.
Piotr Winkielman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the two sides of Spontaneity movement onset asymmetries in facial expressions influence social judgments
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Evan W Carr, Sebastian Korb, Paula M Niedenthal, Piotr WinkielmanAbstract:Abstract When forming basic social impressions, it is important to quickly and accurately classify facial expressions (including their Spontaneity). Early studies on emotion perception, employing static pictures in the chimeric-face paradigm, demonstrated that expressions shown on the left hemi-face (LHF) were rated as more intense, compared to the right hemi-face (RHF). Interestingly, recent studies on emotion production, using high-speed video recordings, discovered an onset asymmetry (OAS) such that spontaneous expressions start earlier in the LHF, while posed expressions start in the RHF. Here, using highly controlled and dynamically developing video stimuli of avatar faces, we tested whether OASs in perceived faces influence the efficiency with which an expression is classified, as well as judgments of expression intensity, Spontaneity, and trustworthiness. Videos of avatars making happy and angry expressions, with OASs of either 20 or 400 ms, were judged on several social dimensions by 68 participants. The results highlight the importance of the LHF for emotion classifications and social judgments: Expressions with earlier LHF onsets were not only judged to be more spontaneous but were also detected more quickly and accurately (a difference that was most evident for angry expressions with a briefly presented OAS, but not for happy expressions). Generally, these findings underscore how adaptive social perception relies on subtle cues in the dynamics of emotional facial expressions.
