The Experts below are selected from a list of 147 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J. R. Gelin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study of the Relationship Between Sprouting Score and Sprout Damage in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)
Cereal Research Communications, 2007Co-Authors: J. R. Gelin, Elias M. Elias, F. A. Manthey, L. GrantAbstract:Sprout Damage in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is caused by pre-harvest Sprouting. It reduces seed quality and causes a loss of starch gel viscosity, which negatively affects the pasta industry. The objectives of this research were to study the relationship between Sprouting score and Sprout Damage in two durum wheat populations grown at Langdon, and Prosper, ND, to test the sensitivity of the stirring number test compared with the falling number test for estimating Sprout Damage, and to evaluate the effect of cutting date on Sprout Damage. A negative correlation between Sprouting and Sprout Damage was detected in both populations. The stirring number test was more sensitive than the falling number method, but the two tests were positively correlated when Sprouted and sound seeds were used. Cutting date did not significantly affect Sprouting score. There was no significant cutting date × genotype interaction. Viscosity loss due to Sprouting was complete in the two populations.
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Evaluation of two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) crosses for pre-harvest Sprouting resistance
Field Crops Research, 2005Co-Authors: J. R. Gelin, Elias M. Elias, Shahryar KianianAbstract:Abstract Pre-harvest Sprouting (PHS) in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var. durum ) has negative effects on the entire pasta industry. Because of the significant role of the environment in the onset of Sprout Damage, durum breeders have turned to genetic resistance to control this agronomic trait. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the Sprouting response of two recombinant inbred line populations of durum wheat grown at Langdon and Prosper, North Dakota, and to test the efficacy of microsatellite markers to predict the genetic variation. Population I was developed from a cross between the resistant genotype Chahba88 and the durum cultivar Vic. Population II was developed by crossing the resistant genotype IACT12 with the durum cultivar Ben. Heritability was high in the two populations ( h 2 = 0.7 ± 0.11 in Population I, and 0.6 ± 0.11 in Population II), which is in agreement with previous studies. Transgressive segregants were observed in both populations, and evaluation of these genotypes may help to identify durum germplasm with acceptable levels of PHS resistance combined with good agronomic and quality traits. Six polymorphic and associated loci accounted for up to 17.4% of the genotypic variation in Population I, and seven polymorphic and associated loci accounted for up to 26.5% of the genotypic variation in Population II. A region on the short arm of chromosome 5B was important in Population I, whereas in Population II the significant loci were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 6B. Further investigations of these and other genomic regions might help detect important QTLs for PHS resistance in durum wheat.
Shahryar Kianian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) crosses for pre-harvest Sprouting resistance
Field Crops Research, 2005Co-Authors: J. R. Gelin, Elias M. Elias, Shahryar KianianAbstract:Abstract Pre-harvest Sprouting (PHS) in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var. durum ) has negative effects on the entire pasta industry. Because of the significant role of the environment in the onset of Sprout Damage, durum breeders have turned to genetic resistance to control this agronomic trait. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the Sprouting response of two recombinant inbred line populations of durum wheat grown at Langdon and Prosper, North Dakota, and to test the efficacy of microsatellite markers to predict the genetic variation. Population I was developed from a cross between the resistant genotype Chahba88 and the durum cultivar Vic. Population II was developed by crossing the resistant genotype IACT12 with the durum cultivar Ben. Heritability was high in the two populations ( h 2 = 0.7 ± 0.11 in Population I, and 0.6 ± 0.11 in Population II), which is in agreement with previous studies. Transgressive segregants were observed in both populations, and evaluation of these genotypes may help to identify durum germplasm with acceptable levels of PHS resistance combined with good agronomic and quality traits. Six polymorphic and associated loci accounted for up to 17.4% of the genotypic variation in Population I, and seven polymorphic and associated loci accounted for up to 26.5% of the genotypic variation in Population II. A region on the short arm of chromosome 5B was important in Population I, whereas in Population II the significant loci were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 6B. Further investigations of these and other genomic regions might help detect important QTLs for PHS resistance in durum wheat.
David W. Hatcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phenolic acid composition of Sprouted wheats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and their antioxidant activities.
Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Pham Van Hung, David W. Hatcher, Wendy BarkerAbstract:The phenolic acid profiles of flours from two Canadian wheat classes, Canadian Western Red Spring (CWRS) and Canadian Western Amber Durum (CWAD), were investigated using two different extraction mediums and analysed on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system at different degrees of Sprout Damage. A sound (non-Sprouted) control sample as well as two different Sprouted sub-samples, derived from different germination protocols of the control, were prepared for both the CWAD and CWRS. Free phenolic acids were extracted from the ground whole wheat meal using three repetitive 80% ethanol extractions. Bound phenolic compounds were subsequently released from the residue by alkaline hydrolysis followed by triplicate extraction with diethyl ether:ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v). Twelve phenolic acid standards were clearly resolved and quantified using a short 5 min elution gradient. Seven phenolic acids (4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic) were detected in the CWRS and CWAD alcoholic and alkaline extracts. Syringic acid was the main compound in the free phenolic alcoholic extracts of the wheat meal representing 77.0% and 75.3% of the total amount of detected free phenolic compounds for CWRS and CWAD, respectively. However, the major released phenolic compound detected in the alkaline hydrolysed extracts was ferulic acid accounting for 72.3% and 71.0% for CWRS and CWAD respectively total bound phenolics. During germination, syringic acid levels rose as the length of germination time increased, resulting in the increase in total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of the Sprouted wheat flours. There was an increase in total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the alcoholic extracts from the CWRS and CWAD wheat flours as the germination time was extended. As a result, the Sprouted wheats exhibits better nutritional properties than un-germinated wheat and could be used to improve the nutrition value in food products.
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Detection of Sprout Damage in Canada Western Red Spring wheat with multiple wavebands using visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
Biosystems Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Juan Xing, Stephen J Symons, Muhammad A. Shahin, David W. HatcherAbstract:A visible near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging system (400–1000 nm) was used for detecting Sprouted and severely Sprouted wheat kernels. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat kernels were individually scanned using the hyperspectral imaging system. Average spectra of Sprouted and severely Sprouted kernels had higher reflectance responses compared to sound kernels in the wavelength region above 720 nm. The ratio of the reflectance at 878 nm to that at 728 nm could be used to identify Sprouted from non-Sprouted kernels. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) loadings plot identified four wavelengths that contributed to distinguishing the different quality of wheat kernels. Using the morphological features smoothness, size and value range of the third principal component score image, severely Sprouted kernels were clearly separated from the sound kernels. Utilising a classification procedure, incorporating both spectral and spatial features, 100% of the sound kernels, about 94% of the Sprouted kernels and 98% of severely Sprouted kernels were correctly classified. 1
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Influence of Sprout Damage on Oriental Noodle Appearance as Assessed by Image Analysis
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 2000Co-Authors: David W. Hatcher, Stephen J SymonsAbstract:ABSTRACT Fresh alkaline (kansui) and white salted noodles prepared from sound and Sprout Damaged patent flours of the western Canadian wheat class Canadian Prairie Spring White (CPSW) cv. Vista were characterized by image analysis (IA). In all samples, the number of discolored spots increased with aging
Elias M. Elias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study of the Relationship Between Sprouting Score and Sprout Damage in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)
Cereal Research Communications, 2007Co-Authors: J. R. Gelin, Elias M. Elias, F. A. Manthey, L. GrantAbstract:Sprout Damage in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is caused by pre-harvest Sprouting. It reduces seed quality and causes a loss of starch gel viscosity, which negatively affects the pasta industry. The objectives of this research were to study the relationship between Sprouting score and Sprout Damage in two durum wheat populations grown at Langdon, and Prosper, ND, to test the sensitivity of the stirring number test compared with the falling number test for estimating Sprout Damage, and to evaluate the effect of cutting date on Sprout Damage. A negative correlation between Sprouting and Sprout Damage was detected in both populations. The stirring number test was more sensitive than the falling number method, but the two tests were positively correlated when Sprouted and sound seeds were used. Cutting date did not significantly affect Sprouting score. There was no significant cutting date × genotype interaction. Viscosity loss due to Sprouting was complete in the two populations.
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Evaluation of two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) crosses for pre-harvest Sprouting resistance
Field Crops Research, 2005Co-Authors: J. R. Gelin, Elias M. Elias, Shahryar KianianAbstract:Abstract Pre-harvest Sprouting (PHS) in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var. durum ) has negative effects on the entire pasta industry. Because of the significant role of the environment in the onset of Sprout Damage, durum breeders have turned to genetic resistance to control this agronomic trait. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the Sprouting response of two recombinant inbred line populations of durum wheat grown at Langdon and Prosper, North Dakota, and to test the efficacy of microsatellite markers to predict the genetic variation. Population I was developed from a cross between the resistant genotype Chahba88 and the durum cultivar Vic. Population II was developed by crossing the resistant genotype IACT12 with the durum cultivar Ben. Heritability was high in the two populations ( h 2 = 0.7 ± 0.11 in Population I, and 0.6 ± 0.11 in Population II), which is in agreement with previous studies. Transgressive segregants were observed in both populations, and evaluation of these genotypes may help to identify durum germplasm with acceptable levels of PHS resistance combined with good agronomic and quality traits. Six polymorphic and associated loci accounted for up to 17.4% of the genotypic variation in Population I, and seven polymorphic and associated loci accounted for up to 26.5% of the genotypic variation in Population II. A region on the short arm of chromosome 5B was important in Population I, whereas in Population II the significant loci were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 6B. Further investigations of these and other genomic regions might help detect important QTLs for PHS resistance in durum wheat.
Raymon E. Webb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of potato cultivars, clones and a true seed population for resistance toRhizoctonia solani
American Journal of Potato Research, 1993Co-Authors: Simeon S. Leach, Raymon E. WebbAbstract:Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 1985–1986 to evaluate the relative severity ofRhizoctonia solani Damage among 26 clones and five potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars. A test with true potato seeds showed that resistance toR. solani could be identified in two years. One highly resistant line was identified by this method. Moderate degrees of resistance were found in lines from the USDA Potato Breeding Program (BARC) with russet types producing a higher percentage of highly resistant lines than round whites. A laboratory test revealed that apical Sprout Damage (nipping) was variable within and between lines and that it was an important phase of disease development to measure when determining resistance because of its effects on the resulting plant growth and production of marketable tubers. It was also determined that to accurately define resistance toR. solani in potato, all phases of the disease must be evaluated to insure against resistance “breakdown” at some point in plant development.
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Evaluation of potato cultivars, clones and a true seed population for resistance toRhizoctonia solani
American Potato Journal, 1993Co-Authors: Simeon S. Leach, Raymon E. WebbAbstract:Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 1985–1986 to evaluate the relative severity of Rhizoctonia solani Damage among 26 clones and five potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) cultivars. A test with true potato seeds showed that resistance to R. solani could be identified in two years. One highly resistant line was identified by this method. Moderate degrees of resistance were found in lines from the USDA Potato Breeding Program (BARC) with russet types producing a higher percentage of highly resistant lines than round whites. A laboratory test revealed that apical Sprout Damage (nipping) was variable within and between lines and that it was an important phase of disease development to measure when determining resistance because of its effects on the resulting plant growth and production of marketable tubers. It was also determined that to accurately define resistance to R. solani in potato, all phases of the disease must be evaluated to insure against resistance “breakdown” at some point in plant development. En 1985–1986, se condujeron estudios de campo y laboratorio para evaluar la severidad relativa de los daños por Rhizoctmia solani entre 26 clones y cinco cultivares de papa (Solarium tuberosum). Un examen con semillas sexuales de papa demostró que la resistencia a R. solani podía ser identificada en dos años. Una línea de alta resistencia fue identificada por este método. Se encontraron grados moderados de resistencia en líneas del Programa de Mejoramiento de Papa (BARC) del USDA. Los tipos moreno-rojizos produjeron un mayor porcentaje de líneas altamente resistentes que las blanco-redondos. Un examen de laboratorio reveló que el daño del brote apical (nipping) fue variable dentro y entre líneas y que era una fase importante del desarrollo de la enfermedad a medir al determinar la resistencia, debido a los efectos resultantes sobre el crecimiento de la planta y la producción de tubérculos comerciables. También se determinó que para definir con precisión la resistencia de la papa al R. solani, todas las fases de la enfermedad deben de ser evaluadas para asegurarse contra la “pérdida” de la resistencia en algún momento del desarrollo de la planta.