The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Schmidt Mario - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Sankey Diagram in Energy and Material Flow Management
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Schmidt MarioAbstract:The Sankey diagram is an important aid in identifying inefficiencies and potential for savings when dealing with resources. It was developed over 100years ago by the Irish engineer Riall Sankey to analyze the thermal efficiency of Steam Engines and has since been applied to depict the energy and material balances of complex systems. The Sankey diagram is the main tool for visualizing industrial metabolism and hence is widely used in industrial ecology. In the history of the early 20th century, it played a major role when raw materials were scarce and expensive and engineers were making great efforts to improve technical systems. Sankey diagrams can also be used to map value flows in systems at the operational level or along global value chains. The article charts the historical development of the diagrams. After the First World War the diagrams were used to produce thermal balances of production plants for glass and cement and to optimize the energy input. In the 1930s, steel and iron ore played a strategic role in Nazi Germany. Their efficient use was highlighted with Sankey diagrams. Since the 1990s, these diagrams have become common for displaying data in life cycle assessments (LCAs) of products. Sankey diagrams can also be used to map value flows in systems at the operational level or along global value added chains. This article, the first of a pair, charts the historical development. The companion article discusses the methodology and the implicit assumptions of such Sankey diagrams.
Mario Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Sankey diagram in energy and material flow management: Part I: History
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Mario SchmidtAbstract:Summary The Sankey diagram is an important aid in identifying inefficiencies and potential for savings when dealing with resources. It was developed over 100years ago by the Irish engineer Riall Sankey to analyze the thermal efficiency of Steam Engines and has since been applied to depict the energy and material balances of complex systems. The Sankey diagram is the main tool for visualizing industrial metabolism and hence is widely used in industrial ecology. In the history of the early 20th century, it played a major role when raw materials were scarce and expensive and engineers were making great efforts to improve technical systems. Sankey diagrams can also be used to map value flows in systems at the operational level or along global value chains. The article charts the historical development of the diagrams. After the First World War the diagrams were used to produce thermal balances of production plants for glass and cement and to optimize the energy input. In the 1930s, steel and iron ore played a strategic role in Nazi Germany. Their efficient use was highlighted with Sankey diagrams. Since the 1990s, these diagrams have become common for displaying data in life cycle assessments (LCAs) of products. Sankey diagrams can also be used to map value flows in systems at the operational level or along global value added chains. This article, the first of a pair, charts the historical development. The companion article discusses the methodology and the implicit assumptions of such Sankey diagrams.
Alessandro Nuvolari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Human Capital Formation During the First Industrial Revolution: Evidence from the use of Steam Engines
Journal of the European Economic Association, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandra M. De Pleijt, Alessandro Nuvolari, Jacob WeisdorfAbstract:This paper explores the effect of technological change on human capital formation during the early phases of England’s Industrial Revolution. Following the methodology used in Franck and Galor (2016), we consider the adoption of Steam Engines as an indicator of technical change, examining the correlation between industrialisation and human capital by performing cross-sectional regression analyses using county-level variation in the number of Steam Engines installed in England by 1800. Using exogenous variation in carboniferous rock strata as an instrument for the regional distribution of Steam Engines, we find that technological change as captured by Steam technology significantly improved the average working skills of the labour force. In particular, places with more Steam Engines had lower shares of unskilled workers and higher shares of highly-skilled mechanical workmen deemed important by Mokyr (2005) in the Industrial Revolution. Technological change was, however, not conducive to elementary education. Literacy rates and school enrollment rates were not systematically different in places with more Steam Engines. This diverse response to new technology highlights the ambiguous effects of early industrialisation on the formation of human capital.
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human capital formation during the first industrial revolution evidence from the use of Steam Engines
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Alexandra M. De Pleijt, Alessandro Nuvolari, Jacob WeisdorfAbstract:We examine the effect of technical change on human capital formation during England's Industrial Revolution. Using the number of Steam Engines installed by 1800 as a synthetic indicator of technological change, and occupational statistics to measure working skills (using HISCLASS), we establish a positive correlation between the use of Steam Engines and the share of skilled workers at the county level. We use exogenous variation in carboniferous rock strata (containing coal to fuel the Engines) to show that the effect was causal. While technological change stimulated the formation of working skills, it had an overall negative effect on the formation of primary education, captured by literacy and school enrolment rates. It also led to higher gender inequality in literacy.
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innovation and technological diffusion an economic history of early Steam Engines
Business History, 2017Co-Authors: Alessandro NuvolariAbstract:This book contains an original account of some salient features of the economic history of the Steam engine during the eighteenth century. It is important to stress that the book does not aim to pr...
Jacob Weisdorf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Human Capital Formation During the First Industrial Revolution: Evidence from the use of Steam Engines
Journal of the European Economic Association, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandra M. De Pleijt, Alessandro Nuvolari, Jacob WeisdorfAbstract:This paper explores the effect of technological change on human capital formation during the early phases of England’s Industrial Revolution. Following the methodology used in Franck and Galor (2016), we consider the adoption of Steam Engines as an indicator of technical change, examining the correlation between industrialisation and human capital by performing cross-sectional regression analyses using county-level variation in the number of Steam Engines installed in England by 1800. Using exogenous variation in carboniferous rock strata as an instrument for the regional distribution of Steam Engines, we find that technological change as captured by Steam technology significantly improved the average working skills of the labour force. In particular, places with more Steam Engines had lower shares of unskilled workers and higher shares of highly-skilled mechanical workmen deemed important by Mokyr (2005) in the Industrial Revolution. Technological change was, however, not conducive to elementary education. Literacy rates and school enrollment rates were not systematically different in places with more Steam Engines. This diverse response to new technology highlights the ambiguous effects of early industrialisation on the formation of human capital.
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human capital formation during the first industrial revolution evidence from the use of Steam Engines
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Alexandra M. De Pleijt, Alessandro Nuvolari, Jacob WeisdorfAbstract:We examine the effect of technical change on human capital formation during England's Industrial Revolution. Using the number of Steam Engines installed by 1800 as a synthetic indicator of technological change, and occupational statistics to measure working skills (using HISCLASS), we establish a positive correlation between the use of Steam Engines and the share of skilled workers at the county level. We use exogenous variation in carboniferous rock strata (containing coal to fuel the Engines) to show that the effect was causal. While technological change stimulated the formation of working skills, it had an overall negative effect on the formation of primary education, captured by literacy and school enrolment rates. It also led to higher gender inequality in literacy.
Koji Kito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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feasibility of husk fuelled Steam Engines as prime mover of grid connected generators under the thai very small renewable energy power producer vspp program
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007Co-Authors: Chanoknun Sookkumnerd, Nobutaka Ito, Koji KitoAbstract:Abstract Rice husk generated as a by-product of rice mill processes can be utilized as an energy source for husk-fuelled rice mills. The economic evaluation of the investment of husk-fuelled Steam engine rice mills, which generate mechanical energy for the direct driving of milling equipments, has previously been presented in literature. It was reported that for some particular conditions of rice mill, the investment of husk-fuelled Steam engine as energy-saving technology is financially feasible. Since May 2002, electricity distributors in Thailand have allowed renewable energy producers up to 1 MW to connect their generators to the grid in order to sell surplus electricity to the grid. This arrangement creates more income opportunities for husk-fuelled Steam engine owners to generate not only mechanical power for rice milling processes, but also surplus electricity for feeding onto the grid. The objective of this study is to investigate the financial feasibility of the investment in a husk-fuelled Steam engine system which drives grid-connected electrical generators, reduces rice mill demand and electricity and sells surplus electricity to the grid. The technical and economic data for rice mill sizes 35, 45, 60, 95 and 120 t/d presented in this study show that the husk-fuelled Steam engine system with grid-connected generators improves the economic performance of applying the system solely for the largest 120 t/d rice mills. However, the conventional husk-fuelled Steam engine without electric generator gives a better economic performance of the rice mills sizes from 45 to 95 t/d.
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financial viabilities of husk fueled Steam Engines as an energy saving technology in thai rice mills
Applied Energy, 2005Co-Authors: Chanoknun Sookkumnerd, Nobutaka Ito, Koji KitoAbstract:Abstract Rice husk generated as a by-product of rice milling process can be utilized as an energy source for rice mills. The advantages of applying the Steam engine as a power source for rice mills are discussed. An economic model was developed to find out the internal rate of return, IRR, on the investment in Steam engine’s as an energy-saving technology in Thai rice mills. Based on the technical and economic data presented in this study, rice mills from 45 to 120 t d −1 in size are financially feasible for investments in Steam Engines as an energy-saving technology for the mills. The maximum affordable husk prices at the different levels of mill use for various sizes of rice mill were analyzed and the economic performance of higher efficiency technology was also tested in this study.