Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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Jose L Martinez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the efflux pump smedef contributes to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maria Blanca Sanchez, Jose L Martinez
    Abstract:

    Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is one of the antimicrobials of choice for the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. The analysis of mutants either lacking or overexpressing the efflux pump SmeDEF shows that this efflux pump contributes to intrinsic and acquired co-trimoxazole resistance in S. maltophilia. Since SmeDEF can extrude a variety of antibiotics, selection with such antimicrobials, including quinolones, might also select for S. maltophilia co-trimoxazole resistance.

  • interplay between intrinsic and acquired resistance to quinolones in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    Environmental Microbiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Garcialeon, Maria Blanca Sanchez, Fabiola Salgado, Juan Carlos Oliveros, Jose L Martinez
    Abstract:

    To analyse whether the mutation-driven resistance-acquisition potential of a given bacterium might be a function of its intrinsic resistome, quinolones were used as selective agents and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was chosen as a bacterial model. S. maltophilia has two elements - SmQnr and SmeDEF - that are important in intrinsic resistance to quinolones. Using a battery of mutants in which either or both of these elements had been removed, the apparent mutation frequency for quinolone resistance and the phenotype of the selected mutants were found to be related to the intrinsic resistome and also depended on the concentration of the selector. Most mutants had phenotypes compatible with the overexpression of multidrug efflux pump(s); SmeDEF overexpression was the most common cause of quinolone resistance. Whole genome sequencing showed that mutations of the SmeRv regulator, which result in the overexpression of the efflux pump SmeVWX, are the cause of quinolone resistance in mutants not overexpressing SmeDEF. These results indicate that the development of mutation-driven antibiotic resistance is highly dependent on the intrinsic resistome, which, at least for synthetic antibiotics such as quinolones, did not develop as a response to the presence of antibiotics in the natural ecosystems in which S. maltophilia evolved.

  • whole genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia d457 a clinical isolate and a model strain
    Journal of Bacteriology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Felipe Lira, Maria Blanca Sanchez, Jose L Martinez, Alvaro Hernandez, Eugeni Belda, Andres Moya, Francisco J Silva
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen with an environmental origin, and it is an increasingly relevant cause of nosocomial infections. Here we present the whole-genome sequence of S. maltophilia strain D457, a clinical isolate that is being used as a model for studying antibiotic resistance in this bacterial species.

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia drug resistance
    Future Microbiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Maria Blanca Sanchez, Alvaro Hernandez, Jose L Martinez
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged in recent years as a paradigm of an intrinsically resistant, opportunistic bacterial pathogen with an environmental origin. The recent publication of the sequences of two S. maltophilia genomes has shown that this bacterium contains a large repertoire of antibiotic resistance determinants, probably contributing to its characteristic susceptibility to antibiotics. Among those determinants, the best characterized are a number of multidrug efflux pumps, beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. Recently, the presence of a gene coding for a Qnr determinant in the genome of S. maltophilia has also been described. Together, these elements confer resistance to several of the drugs currently used for treating infections. Besides these chromosomally encoded determinants, which evolved in S. maltophilia long before the recent human use of antibiotics, this bacterial species is acquiring novel resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, thereby increasing its resistance. Future studies are required to fully understand the mechanisms of resistance, their regulation and potential crosstalk with S. maltophilia virulence, as well as the population dynamics of the different isolates of this bacterial species.

  • the biocide triclosan selects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mutants that overproduce the smedef multidrug efflux pump
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2005
    Co-Authors: Patricia Sanchez, Eduardo Moreno, Jose L Martinez
    Abstract:

    The possibility that triclosan selects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mutants overexpressing the multidrug resistance pump SmeDEF is analyzed. Five out of 12 triclosan-selected mutants were less susceptible to antibiotics than the wild-type strain and overproduced SmeDEF. Results are discussed in relation to current debates on the potential selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by household biocides.

Maria Blanca Sanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the efflux pump smedef contributes to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maria Blanca Sanchez, Jose L Martinez
    Abstract:

    Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is one of the antimicrobials of choice for the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. The analysis of mutants either lacking or overexpressing the efflux pump SmeDEF shows that this efflux pump contributes to intrinsic and acquired co-trimoxazole resistance in S. maltophilia. Since SmeDEF can extrude a variety of antibiotics, selection with such antimicrobials, including quinolones, might also select for S. maltophilia co-trimoxazole resistance.

  • antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maria Blanca Sanchez
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. It is also an opportunistic pathogen now causing an increasing number of nosocomial infections. The treatment of S. maltophilia is quite difficult given its intrinsic resistance to a number of antibiotics, and because it is able to acquire new resistances via horizontal gene transfer and mutations. Certainly, strains resistant to quinolones, cotrimoxale and/or cephalosporins - antibiotics commonly used to treat S. maltophilia infections - have emerged. The increasing number of available S. maltophilia genomes has allowed the identification and annotation of a large number of antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes. Most encode inactivating enzymes and efflux pumps, but information on their role in intrinsic and acquired resistance is limited. Non-typical antibiotic resistance mechanisms that also form part of the intrinsic resistome have been identified via mutant library screening. These include non-typical antibiotic resistance genes, such as bacterial metabolism genes, and non-inheritable resistant phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and persistence. Their relationships with resistance are complex and require further study.

  • interplay between intrinsic and acquired resistance to quinolones in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    Environmental Microbiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Garcialeon, Maria Blanca Sanchez, Fabiola Salgado, Juan Carlos Oliveros, Jose L Martinez
    Abstract:

    To analyse whether the mutation-driven resistance-acquisition potential of a given bacterium might be a function of its intrinsic resistome, quinolones were used as selective agents and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was chosen as a bacterial model. S. maltophilia has two elements - SmQnr and SmeDEF - that are important in intrinsic resistance to quinolones. Using a battery of mutants in which either or both of these elements had been removed, the apparent mutation frequency for quinolone resistance and the phenotype of the selected mutants were found to be related to the intrinsic resistome and also depended on the concentration of the selector. Most mutants had phenotypes compatible with the overexpression of multidrug efflux pump(s); SmeDEF overexpression was the most common cause of quinolone resistance. Whole genome sequencing showed that mutations of the SmeRv regulator, which result in the overexpression of the efflux pump SmeVWX, are the cause of quinolone resistance in mutants not overexpressing SmeDEF. These results indicate that the development of mutation-driven antibiotic resistance is highly dependent on the intrinsic resistome, which, at least for synthetic antibiotics such as quinolones, did not develop as a response to the presence of antibiotics in the natural ecosystems in which S. maltophilia evolved.

  • whole genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia d457 a clinical isolate and a model strain
    Journal of Bacteriology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Felipe Lira, Maria Blanca Sanchez, Jose L Martinez, Alvaro Hernandez, Eugeni Belda, Andres Moya, Francisco J Silva
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen with an environmental origin, and it is an increasingly relevant cause of nosocomial infections. Here we present the whole-genome sequence of S. maltophilia strain D457, a clinical isolate that is being used as a model for studying antibiotic resistance in this bacterial species.

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia drug resistance
    Future Microbiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Maria Blanca Sanchez, Alvaro Hernandez, Jose L Martinez
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged in recent years as a paradigm of an intrinsically resistant, opportunistic bacterial pathogen with an environmental origin. The recent publication of the sequences of two S. maltophilia genomes has shown that this bacterium contains a large repertoire of antibiotic resistance determinants, probably contributing to its characteristic susceptibility to antibiotics. Among those determinants, the best characterized are a number of multidrug efflux pumps, beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. Recently, the presence of a gene coding for a Qnr determinant in the genome of S. maltophilia has also been described. Together, these elements confer resistance to several of the drugs currently used for treating infections. Besides these chromosomally encoded determinants, which evolved in S. maltophilia long before the recent human use of antibiotics, this bacterial species is acquiring novel resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, thereby increasing its resistance. Future studies are required to fully understand the mechanisms of resistance, their regulation and potential crosstalk with S. maltophilia virulence, as well as the population dynamics of the different isolates of this bacterial species.

Joanna S Brooke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm reduction by bdellovibrio exovorus
    Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ryan M Chanyi, Susan F Koval, Joanna S Brooke
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a bacterium ubiquitous in the environment, is also an opportunistic, multidrug-resistant human pathogen that colonizes tissues and medical devices via biofilm formation. We investigated the ability of an isolate from sewage of the bacterial predator Bdellovibrio exovorus to disrupt preformed biofilms of 18 strains of S. maltophilia isolated from patients, hospital sink drains and water fountain drains. B. exovorus FFRS-5 preyed on all S. maltophilia strains in liquid co-cultures and was able to significantly disrupt the biofilms of 15 of the S. maltophilia strains tested, decreasing as much as 76.7% of the biofilm mass. The addition of ciprofloxacin and kanamycin in general reduced S. maltophilia biofilms but less than that of B. exovorus alone. Furthermore, when antibiotics and B. exovorus were used together, B. exovorus was still effective in the presence of ciprofloxacin whereas the addition of kanamycin reduced the effectiveness of B. exovorus. Overall, B. exovorus was able to decrease the mass of preformed biofilms of S. maltophilia in the presence of clinically relevant antibiotics demonstrating that the predator may prove to be a beneficial tool to reduce S. maltophilia environmental or clinically associated biofilms.

  • new strategies against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia a serious worldwide intrinsically drug resistant opportunistic pathogen
    Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Joanna S Brooke
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a worldwide human opportunistic pathogen associated with serious infections in humans, and is most often recovered from respiratory tract infections. In addition to its intrinsic drug resistance, this organism may acquire resistance via multiple molecular mechanisms. New antimicrobial strategies are needed to combat S. maltophilia infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients, cystic fibrosis patients with polymicrobial infections of the lung, and in patients with chronic infections. This editorial reports on newer drugs and antimicrobial strategies and their potential for use in treatment of S. maltophilia infections, the development of new technologies to detect this organism, and identifies strategies currently in use to reduce transmission of this pathogen.

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an emerging global opportunistic pathogen
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2012
    Co-Authors: Joanna S Brooke
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multidrug-resistant global opportunistic pathogen. The increasing incidence of nosocomial and community-acquired S. maltophilia infections is of particular concern for immunocompromised individuals, as this bacterial pathogen is associated with a significant fatality/case ratio. S. maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in aqueous habitats, including plant rhizospheres, animals, foods, and water sources. Infections of S. maltophilia can occur in a range of organs and tissues; the organism is commonly found in respiratory tract infections. This review summarizes the current literature and presents S. maltophilia as an organism with various molecular mechanisms used for colonization and infection. S. maltophilia can be recovered from polymicrobial infections, most notably from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients, as a cocolonizer with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recent evidence of cell-cell communication between these pathogens has implications for the development of novel pharmacological therapies. Animal models of S. maltophilia infection have provided useful information about the type of host immune response induced by this opportunistic pathogen. Current and emerging treatments for patients infected with S. maltophilia are discussed.

George Dimopoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • attributable mortality of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections a systematic review of the literature
    Future Microbiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Matthew E Falagas, Antonia C Kastoris, Evridiki K Vouloumanou, Petros I Rafailidis, Anastasios Kapaskelis, George Dimopoulos
    Abstract:

    Aim: Although Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is commonly isolated from clinical specimens, mainly of immunocompromised patients, mor tality directly attributable to this organism is controversial. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane and assessed the available literature regarding mortality attributable to infection with S. maltophilia. Method: Crude mortality and mor tality of case patients receiving appropriate or inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment were evaluated. A total of 15 ar ticles (six matched case–control, seven case–control and two controlled cohort studies) were identified; 13 studies (the six matched case–control and the seven case–control studies) were included in the analysis. Results: In seven studies, mortality of cases differed significantly from that of controls. Mortality was significantly higher in cases than controls in six of these studies; it was lower in cases than controls in the one study where controls had Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. In six studies, mortality of...

  • Community-acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a systematic review
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2009
    Co-Authors: Matthew E Falagas, Antonia C Kastoris, Evridiki K Vouloumanou, George Dimopoulos
    Abstract:

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a pathogen that causes infections mainly in immunocompromised patients. However, community-acquired S. maltophilia infections have been occasionally reported. The objective of this paper was to collect and evaluate the available published data referring to community-acquired S. maltophilia infections. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for articles providing data for patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections. Eight case series and 23 case reports (involving 77 and 26 patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections, respectively) were regarded as eligible for inclusion in our review. Regarding the 77 patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections included in the identified case series, 45 had bacteremia, six ocular infections, five respiratory tract infections, four wound/soft tissue infections, two urinary tract infections, one conjunctivitis, one otitis, and one cellulitis; data were not reported for the remaining 12 patients. Comorbidity (such as malignancy, HIV infection, prior hospitalization) was common. Data included in the eight case series regarding the outcome of infection were limited. From the 26 patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections reported in the case reports, 22 were cured from the infection, whereas 4 of 26 patients died; one death was attributed to septic shock due to S. maltophilia . Several publications report patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections; the majority of them refer to patients with some kind of comorbidity. Physicians should be aware that S. maltophilia infections are not restricted to hospitalized patients.

Shangxin Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • community acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia discitis diagnosis aided by shotgun metagenomic sequencing
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2019
    Co-Authors: Gang Wang, Lulu Yang, Feng Zheng, Lintao Sai, Jiale Zhou, Shangxin Yang
    Abstract:

    We report a rare case of culture negative L4-L5 discitis and epidural abscess in an immunocompetent child who had dry cupping therapy performed to treat low back strain. The causative pathogen was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by shotgun metagenomic sequencing of spinal cord aspirate after more than one month of unsuccessful empirical treatment with 6 different antibiotics. The patient was successfully treated with Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and minocycline. Cupping therapy is a very popular medical procedure widely used in China, but the potential risk for severe infections such as discitis and epidural abscess described in this case should be recognized.

  • Community acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia discitis: Diagnosis aided by shotgun metagenomic sequencing
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Gang Wang, Lulu Yang, Feng Zheng, Lintao Sai, Jiale Zhou, Shangxin Yang
    Abstract:

    We report a rare case of culture negative L4-L5 discitis and epidural abscess in an immunocompetent child who had dry cupping therapy performed to treat low back strain. The causative pathogen was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by shotgun metagenomic sequencing of spinal cord aspirate after more than one month of unsuccessful empirical treatment with 6 different antibiotics. The patient was successfully treated with Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and minocycline. Cupping therapy is a very popular medical procedure widely used in China, but the potential risk for severe infections such as discitis and epidural abscess described in this case should be recognized. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Discitis, Epidural abscess, Shotgun metagenomic sequencing, Dry cupping therap

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