The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christian Ulrichs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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direct and admixture toxicity of diatomaceous earth and monoterpenoids against the Storage Pests callosobruchusmaculatus f and sitophilus oryzae l
Journal of Pest Science, 2010Co-Authors: Md Saiful Islam, Md Mahbub Hasan, Tanja Muchapelzer, Inga Mewis, Christian UlrichsAbstract:We investigated the effects of two commercial diatomaceous earth based insecticides (DE), Protect-It® and SilicoSec®, the nano-structured silica product AL06, developed by the section for Urban Plant Ecophysiology at Humboldt University Berlin, and the monoterpenoids, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde on two stored product Pests, Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae. Protect-It® was more effective than SilicoSec® against C. maculatus while the reverse was true for S. oryzae. Generally C. maculatus was more sensitive towards DE and silica treatment than S. oryzae. Mortality rate of both pest species increased when DE’s were applied to food commodities previously treated with a monoterpenoid. In admixture experiments, the toxicity of SilicoSec® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 42.73 ppm), SilicoSec® + eugenol (LD50 = 24.30 ppm), and Protect-It® + eugenol (LD50 = 2.60 ppm) was increased over DE alone against S. oryzae. Both substances showed a synergistic effect considering their co-toxicity coefficient relative to the LD50-value. In contrast, we could not find any synergistic effects in experiments with C. maculatus. Here only Protect-It® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 20.84 ppm) showed an additive effect while all other combinations of monoterpenoid and DE indicated antagonistic effects. In addition to contact insecticidal effects both monoterpenoids showed a strong fumigant action. The presented results indicate that the natural product DE has great potential to replace synthetic pesticides commonly used in stored product pest management. Efficacy of DE can be improved by adding certain monoterpenoids against certain insect Pests.
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direct and admixture toxicity of diatomaceous earth and monoterpenoids against the Storage Pests callosobruchusmaculatus f and sitophilus oryzae l
Journal of Pest Science, 2010Co-Authors: Md Saiful Islam, Md Mahbub Hasan, Tanja Muchapelzer, Inga Mewis, Chaoliang Lei, Christian UlrichsAbstract:We investigated the effects of two commercial diatomaceous earth based insecticides (DE), Protect-It® and SilicoSec®, the nano-structured silica product AL06, developed by the section for Urban Plant Ecophysiology at Humboldt University Berlin, and the monoterpenoids, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde on two stored product Pests, Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae. Protect-It® was more effective than SilicoSec® against C. maculatus while the reverse was true for S. oryzae. Generally C. maculatus was more sensitive towards DE and silica treatment than S. oryzae. Mortality rate of both pest species increased when DE’s were applied to food commodities previously treated with a monoterpenoid. In admixture experiments, the toxicity of SilicoSec® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 42.73 ppm), SilicoSec® + eugenol (LD50 = 24.30 ppm), and Protect-It® + eugenol (LD50 = 2.60 ppm) was increased over DE alone against S. oryzae. Both substances showed a synergistic effect considering their co-toxicity coefficient relative to the LD50-value. In contrast, we could not find any synergistic effects in experiments with C. maculatus. Here only Protect-It® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 20.84 ppm) showed an additive effect while all other combinations of monoterpenoid and DE indicated antagonistic effects. In addition to contact insecticidal effects both monoterpenoids showed a strong fumigant action. The presented results indicate that the natural product DE has great potential to replace synthetic pesticides commonly used in stored product pest management. Efficacy of DE can be improved by adding certain monoterpenoids against certain insect Pests.
S. W. Munyiri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sources of resistance to the maize weevil Sitophilus Zeamais in tropical maize
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: J. K. Mwololo, S. Mugo, Patrick Okori, Tadele Tefera, M. Otim, S. W. MunyiriAbstract:The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is among the major Storage Pests that enhance food insecurity among maize farmers. New sources of resistance to the maize weevil are critical in a successful breeding program to address grain damage by postharvest Pests. The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance in maize genotypes to the maize weevil, and consequently their value for use in breeding programs. A total of 175 genotypes, including hybrids, landraces, open-pollinated varieties and checks, were tested for resistance to the maize weevil. The percentage grain damage, weight loss, flour weight and weight of damaged and undamaged grains were measured. Significant differences (P
Tadele Tefera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effectiveness of improved hermetic Storage structures against maize Storage insect Pests sitophilus zeamais and prostephanus truncatus
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2018Co-Authors: Tadele Tefera, Addis Teshome, Charles SinganoAbstract:A study was conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of two improved hermetic Storage structures against two maize Storage Pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus at Liwufu Research Station, Malawi. The Storages were metal silo and hermetic bag; Actellic super dust was included as a control. The treatments (Storages) were replicated four times under natural and artificial infestations. Grain stored in metal silo had the lowest mean percentage weight loss, 1.04% to 1.25%, 12 months after Storage followed by hermetic bag, 2.46% to 6.64%. Grain treated with Actellic super had the highest weight loss, 4.86% to 18.72%. The study showed that hermetic Storage structures can be promoted as effective alternative non-chemical methods of grain Storage for small holder farmers in Malawi.
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On-Farm Evaluation of Hermetic Technology Against Maize Storage Pests in Kenya.
Journal of economic entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Paddy Likhayo, Tadele Tefera, Anani Y. Bruce, Kimondo Mutambuki, Jones MuekeAbstract:On-farm trial with a total of 32 farmers in eight villages of Naivasha and Nakuru areas of Kenya was conducted between December 2013 and September 2014 to evaluate hermetic grain Storage technologies under farmers' management conditions. The Storage technologies evaluated were metal silo and SuperGrain IV-R bag alongside the standard woven polypropylene bag with or without Actellic super dust. Moisture content, insect population, grain discoloration, and weight loss were analyzed 90, 180, and 270 d after Storage. Grain moisture content remained stable over the Storage period. Both metal silo and SuperGrain IV-R bag suppressed insect population, prevented grain loss and cross-infestation of insects from the surrounding environment. On the contrary, polypropylene bags allowed rapid build up of insect population and re-infestation from the surrounding environment. Grain weight losses were 1.5% in the metal silo and 1.8% in the SuperGrain IV-R bags compared to 32% in the polypropylene bags without Actellic Super dust, 270 d after Storage. The present study, therefore, demonstrates that storing grains either in metal silo or SuperGrain IV-R bags would benefit farmers in reducing grain losses and improving quality. The study was of great interest to the farmers, grain Storage scientists, and food security experts.
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Metal silo grain Storage technology and household food security in Kenya
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2015Co-Authors: Zachary M. Gitonga, Hugo De Groote, Tadele TeferaAbstract:A treatment effect and ordered logit models were used to evaluate the impact of metal silo Storage technology on household food security and factors influencing adoption of metal silo. Farmers’ perception of the effectiveness of metal silo against larger grain borer and maize weevil was also analyzed. The most important factor households considered when choosing a Storage facility was effectiveness against Storage Pests followed by security of the stored grain and durability of the Storage facility. Metal silo adopters had 1.8 months more of adequate food provisioning than non-adopters. Compared to non-adopting households, metal silo adopters only sold a little portion of their maize initially to meet immediate cash needs and kept the bulk of it until the fifth month after harvest. Consumption was stable throughout the year for the metal silo adopters. Non-adopters sold most of their maize immediately after harvest and consumption was higher than sales. Household size, literacy of the household head and land size increased the likelihood of adopting the metal silo technology. Households with access to financial services (bank account and/or mobile money) were more likely to adopt metal silo. Distance to the nearest passable road reduced odds of adopting metal silo technology. The use of metal silos prevented damage by larger grain borer (LGB) and maize weevil for 98% and 94% of adopters, respectively. This study finds evidence that metal silo technology is effective against main maize Storage Pests and its adoption can significantly improve food security in rural households. Key words: Food security, grain Storage, metal silo, Storage pest.
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Effectiveness of hermetic systems in controlling maize Storage Pests in Kenya
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2013Co-Authors: Hugo De Groote, Tadele Tefera, Simon C. Kimenju, Paddy Likhayo, Fred Kanampiu, Jon HellinAbstract:Abstract To protect their maize from Pests such as the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus), and from theft, farmers in Africa are abandoning traditional Storage structures: they shell their maize earlier and tend to store the grain inside the house in polypropylene bags. However, losses due to insects during Storage remain high. Hermetic Storage containers, such as metal silos (soldered airtight) and super grain bags (made from high-density polyethylene to reduce gas exchange), may enable farmers to reduce post-harvest losses. To test the different containers' effectiveness to control insect Pests, on-station trials were conducted at three sites in Kenya under artificial infestation with maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) and larger grain borers (P. truncatus). The experiment consisted of six treatments, using three different types of containers and two different insecticides: i) polypropylene bags without insecticides; ii) polypropylene bags with Actellic Super; iii) super grain bags without insecticide; iv) metal silos without insecticide; v) metal silos with Actellic Super; and vi) metal silos with Phostoxin. Treatments were replicated three times per site. The results demonstrated that metal silos are very effective in controlling maize weevils and the larger grain borer. The use of both Actellic Super and Phostoxin in the metal silos did not lead to a significant increase in insect mortality or reduction in grain weight loss. Super grain bags controlled insect Pests well, but insect mortality was not complete and all bags in the trial were perforated, almost certainly by P. truncatus. We conclude that it is technically feasible to control Storage insects without insecticides in Africa by using hermetic Storage, either metal silos or super bags. The super bags, however, might not be suitable in areas with a high incidence of P. truncatus.
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Sources of resistance to the maize weevil Sitophilus Zeamais in tropical maize
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: J. K. Mwololo, S. Mugo, Patrick Okori, Tadele Tefera, M. Otim, S. W. MunyiriAbstract:The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is among the major Storage Pests that enhance food insecurity among maize farmers. New sources of resistance to the maize weevil are critical in a successful breeding program to address grain damage by postharvest Pests. The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance in maize genotypes to the maize weevil, and consequently their value for use in breeding programs. A total of 175 genotypes, including hybrids, landraces, open-pollinated varieties and checks, were tested for resistance to the maize weevil. The percentage grain damage, weight loss, flour weight and weight of damaged and undamaged grains were measured. Significant differences (P
Md Saiful Islam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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direct and admixture toxicity of diatomaceous earth and monoterpenoids against the Storage Pests callosobruchusmaculatus f and sitophilus oryzae l
Journal of Pest Science, 2010Co-Authors: Md Saiful Islam, Md Mahbub Hasan, Tanja Muchapelzer, Inga Mewis, Christian UlrichsAbstract:We investigated the effects of two commercial diatomaceous earth based insecticides (DE), Protect-It® and SilicoSec®, the nano-structured silica product AL06, developed by the section for Urban Plant Ecophysiology at Humboldt University Berlin, and the monoterpenoids, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde on two stored product Pests, Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae. Protect-It® was more effective than SilicoSec® against C. maculatus while the reverse was true for S. oryzae. Generally C. maculatus was more sensitive towards DE and silica treatment than S. oryzae. Mortality rate of both pest species increased when DE’s were applied to food commodities previously treated with a monoterpenoid. In admixture experiments, the toxicity of SilicoSec® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 42.73 ppm), SilicoSec® + eugenol (LD50 = 24.30 ppm), and Protect-It® + eugenol (LD50 = 2.60 ppm) was increased over DE alone against S. oryzae. Both substances showed a synergistic effect considering their co-toxicity coefficient relative to the LD50-value. In contrast, we could not find any synergistic effects in experiments with C. maculatus. Here only Protect-It® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 20.84 ppm) showed an additive effect while all other combinations of monoterpenoid and DE indicated antagonistic effects. In addition to contact insecticidal effects both monoterpenoids showed a strong fumigant action. The presented results indicate that the natural product DE has great potential to replace synthetic pesticides commonly used in stored product pest management. Efficacy of DE can be improved by adding certain monoterpenoids against certain insect Pests.
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direct and admixture toxicity of diatomaceous earth and monoterpenoids against the Storage Pests callosobruchusmaculatus f and sitophilus oryzae l
Journal of Pest Science, 2010Co-Authors: Md Saiful Islam, Md Mahbub Hasan, Tanja Muchapelzer, Inga Mewis, Chaoliang Lei, Christian UlrichsAbstract:We investigated the effects of two commercial diatomaceous earth based insecticides (DE), Protect-It® and SilicoSec®, the nano-structured silica product AL06, developed by the section for Urban Plant Ecophysiology at Humboldt University Berlin, and the monoterpenoids, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde on two stored product Pests, Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae. Protect-It® was more effective than SilicoSec® against C. maculatus while the reverse was true for S. oryzae. Generally C. maculatus was more sensitive towards DE and silica treatment than S. oryzae. Mortality rate of both pest species increased when DE’s were applied to food commodities previously treated with a monoterpenoid. In admixture experiments, the toxicity of SilicoSec® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 42.73 ppm), SilicoSec® + eugenol (LD50 = 24.30 ppm), and Protect-It® + eugenol (LD50 = 2.60 ppm) was increased over DE alone against S. oryzae. Both substances showed a synergistic effect considering their co-toxicity coefficient relative to the LD50-value. In contrast, we could not find any synergistic effects in experiments with C. maculatus. Here only Protect-It® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 20.84 ppm) showed an additive effect while all other combinations of monoterpenoid and DE indicated antagonistic effects. In addition to contact insecticidal effects both monoterpenoids showed a strong fumigant action. The presented results indicate that the natural product DE has great potential to replace synthetic pesticides commonly used in stored product pest management. Efficacy of DE can be improved by adding certain monoterpenoids against certain insect Pests.
Jiang Jianhua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Discovery of a specific volatile substance from rice grain and its application in controlling stored-grain Pests.
Food chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Zhang Ying, Bin Teng, Wang Dezheng, Jiang JianhuaAbstract:Abstract The research of host insect-resistance is a hot spot in the field of controlling Storage Pests. However, the mechanism of host resistance to Storage Pests is still unclear. Some researchers think it is related to grain cracking characters of rice husk, while others have linked it to volatile compounds in rice grains. In this paper, using 117 micro-core germplasm resources of rice and the investigation on the rate of insect damage, sixteen materials with different insect-resistance and four with significant difference in insect resistance were selected. Pentanamide, a volatile compound in rice, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and found to be negatively correlated with the rate of insect damage of rice materials. The bioassay results showed that 8% Pentanamide had a good effect on controlling Storage Pests and trapping Pests. This study provided direct evidence for the correlation between rice volatile compounds and their host insect-resistant mechanisms.
