The Experts below are selected from a list of 216 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Marc Linder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Adiabatic magnesium hydride system for hydrogen Storage based on thermochemical heat Storage: Numerical analysis of the dehydrogenation
    Applied Energy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Michael Lutz, Marc Linder, Maha Bhouri, Inga Bürger
    Abstract:

    Abstract With hydrogen becoming more and more important as Storage and carrier for renewable energy, there is an increasing need for flexible and efficient Storage technologies. However, existing technologies, such as liquefaction or compression, often require a significant share of the hydrogens lower heating value. High-temperature metal hydrides (HT-MHs), such as magnesium hydride, are a promising alternative. Due to high operation temperatures, their application is challenging. A novel adiabatic hydrogen Storage Reactor based on the combination of a HT-MH with a thermochemical energy Storage system (TCSS), such as Mg(OH)2/MgO + H2O, can be a solution. In this work, the previously published numerical simulations for hydrogen absorption are extended to the desorption process. A two-dimensional model for the hydrogen release was set up. The performance of the Storage Reactor is strongly dependent on the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reactions involved and less dependent on the reaction kinetics. Dehydrogenation is possible within 132 min, which is in the vicinity of the hydrogenation time. To enhance the dehydrogenation process, the water vapor pressure can be adjusted aiming for higher temperatures during the MgO hydration. Hydrogen can either be provided at constant pressure or constant mass flow rate.

  • Materials for thermochemical energy Storage: Experimental investigation of cycling stability
    2018
    Co-Authors: Marie Gollsch, Jana Stengler, Markus Spindler, Marc Linder
    Abstract:

    Thermochemical energy Storage (TCS) uses the reaction enthalpy of reversible chemical reactions. This Storage technology contains a so far largely untouched potential: in comparison to sensible and latent thermal energy Storage, TCS offers potentially higher Storage densities, the possibility of long-term Storage as well as the option to upgrade the thermal energy. This upgrade can be realised if the reaction system consists of a solid and a gaseous component. For these gas-solid reactions with the generic equation AB(s) + HR A(s) + B(G) the equilibrium temperature is dependent on the reaction gas partial pressure: the higher the partial pressure, the higher the reaction temperature. Consequently, the charging of the Storage can take place at lower temperatures than the discharging by adjustment of the reaction gas partial pressure. Currently, a number of water vapour-solid reactions are investigated as thermochemical Storage materials [1-4]. Apart from a general suitability of a reaction system for thermochemical Storage, special attention has to be paid to the cycling stability of the reaction. This is often done using thermogravimetric analysis [5]. However, past scale-ups have shown that behaviour of bulks differs from that of analysis amounts [6]. The bulk’s changing properties, however, have proven to be crucial for Storage Reactor design. The investigation of the cycling stability and reaction behaviour of reacting solid bulks has been our motivation to design and build a cycling test bench. In this experimental setup the gaseous reaction partner is water vapour and can be provided at pressures between 5 kPa and 0.5 MPa. Reactor temperatures can be up to 500 °C. The aim of the presented studies is the automated cycling of about 100 ml solid Storage material of reaction systems that have previously shown promise at analysis scale.

  • High hydrogen Storage capacities at low pressures: the adiabatic Storage concept
    2018
    Co-Authors: Michael Lutz, Marc Linder, Maha Bhouri, Inga Bürger
    Abstract:

    State of the art hydrogen Storage for mobile applications is based on 700 bar high pressure tanks. However, due to the energy required for compression as well as due to safety aspects, there is still a need for cheap and safe alternative options. In the past years, metal hydrides have been widely discussed, but due to the low Storage capacities or high operation temperatures, so far they are not suitable for the mobile sector. A so called adiabatic hydrogen Storage Reactor for Storage materials with high hydrogen capacities and high operation temperatures can be a solution. The basic operation principle of such a Reactor has been published before and in this contribution at WHEC2018, the results of further studies will be presented. In short, the operation principle is based on an adiabatic integration of e.g. MgH2 that exhibits a comparatively high gravimetric Storage density of up to 7.7 wt%. To absorb or release the heat of reaction of the metal hydride, a thermochemical heat Storage material is incorporated into the Reactor, e.g. Mg(OH)2. The Reactor-design includes two material-compartments being in thermal contact to enable rapid heat transfer. Since both, the hydrogen- and heat Storage are gas - solid reactions, the temperatures and pressures in the compartments can be adjusted independently within the operating window of the reactions. The whole Reactor is insulated to the environment and does not need any thermal integration, thus it is adiabatic. Without the necessity of external heat management, new areas of application emerge for metal hydrides with high operation temperatures (>200 °C). Compared to a 700 bar hydrogen pressure tank, this new Reactor can achieve double the volumetric hydrogen Storage density at a pressure below 20 bar, while the gravimetric Storage density is about the same. Therefore, the automobile sector and especially heavy-duty vehicles are promising areas of application. In addition, the considered thermochemical materials are very cheap and operate with water vapour. While for the hydrogen release, sufficient water vapour is produced by the fuel cell, in the reverse process, the water vapour can be released to the ambient. In the present work, the previously published numerical 2D simulations for absorption are extended to the desorption process. Furthermore, other possible material combinations as well as their potential Storage capacities are presented.

  • Porous media for thermochemical energy Storage: experimental investigation on structural changes of reactive materials
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jana Stengler, Marie Gollsch, Julius Weiss, Marc Linder
    Abstract:

    The use of gas-solid reactions for thermochemical energy Storage has been widely discussed in literature. Still, the question of handling a reacting solid on a technically relevant scale is not solved yet: structural changes within the porous solid media need to be considered when designing high-power Storage Reactors for commercial applications. In an experimental study, we have successfully demonstrated the applicability of strontium bromide and water vapor as a reacting couple: SrBr2∙H2O (s) + ΔH ⇌ SrBr2 (s) + H2O (g) A sample mass of around 100 g of hydrated salt was investigated with regard to its use as thermochemical energy Storage material in the temperature range of 200 ℃ to 250 ℃. In our experimental work, we found that the macroscopic and the microscopic properties of the solid bulk material change considerably during the first reaction cycles: the primary particles agglomerated, and the overall volume of the porous bulk ignificantly increased within 27 dehydration/re-hydration cycles. Structural changes in the porous media influence the progression of the gas-solid reaction: A change in bulk material permeability directly affects the vapor mass transfer. Furthermore, the observed structural changes can lead to a reduced bulk thermal conductivity and thus have a negative effect on the thermal performance of a Storage Reactor. The aim of our work is to enhance the understanding of the decisive factors for the thermal power of a thermochemical Reactor and to quantify their impact in wide pressure and temperature ranges (1 kPa – 0.6 MPa, 100 – 320 ℃). Our main objective is the consideration of aging effects of the reactive bulk material when deriving layout rules for the design of high-performance Reactors.

  • Thermodynamic and kinetic investigation of a technical grade manganese-iron binary oxide for thermochemical energy Storage
    Solar Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Michael Wokon, Marc Linder, Tina Block, Sven Nicolai, Martin Schmücker
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermochemical energy Storage (TCS) based on gas-solid reactions constitutes a promising concept to exploit reaction enthalpies for thermal energy Storage. This concept facilitates the development of efficient Storage solutions with higher energy densities compared to widely investigated sensible and latent thermal energy Storage systems. Multivalent metal oxides are capable of undergoing a reversible redox reaction at high temperatures, which is why those Storage materials are considered particularly suitable for the operating temperature range of concentrated solar power plants with central receiver systems to increase the total plant efficiency and ensure dispatchability of electricity. In the scope of this work a granular manganese-iron oxide with a Fe/Mn molar ratio of 1:3 has been selected as a potentially suitable Storage material, which is non-toxic, abundant and economical. For this reason a preparation route from technical grade raw materials has been chosen. The reversible redox reaction is investigated with respect to the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics by means of simultaneous thermal analysis in dynamic and isothermal series of measurements. Those revealed that the observed presence of a strong divergence of the reactive temperature range from the actual thermodynamic equilibrium can mainly be attributed to kinetic limitations. Expressions for the effective reaction rates are deduced from experimental data for the reduction and oxidation step, describing the dependence of the reaction rate on temperature and oxygen partial pressure, respectively. The expressions are valid for the temperature ranges in proximity to the equilibrium, which are relevant for the targeted operating conditions of the Storage Reactor in air. The Storage material provides good cycling stability in terms of reversibility and widely maintained reactivity throughout 100 redox cycles in air. Future work comprises material modifications, which are expected to further enhance the mechanical stability of the particles. Overall, the manganese-iron oxide of the chosen composition exhibits a redox reactivity practical for regenerator-type Storage systems combining a high temperature TCS zone and a lower temperature non-reactive zone merely used for sensible thermal energy Storage.

Y Sekine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Novel Solar-Cell Power Supply System Using a Multiple-Input DC–DC Converter
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006
    Co-Authors: K Kobayashi, Hirofumi Matsuo, Y Sekine
    Abstract:

    Recently, the clean electric power generation systems have attracted a great deal of social attention to exploit the clean-energy resources such as solar arrays, wind generators, fuel cells, and so forth. In this case, a multiple-input dc–dc converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load from the power sources. The novel solar-cell power supply system using the buck–boost-type two-input dc–dc converter is proposed, in which a solar array and a commercial ac line are employed as power sources and are combined by two input windings of the energy-Storage Reactor. Also, its operation principle and performance characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the solar-cell optimum-operating-point tracker is proposed and examined. It is confirmed by the experiment that the proposed solar-cell power supply system has excellent performance characteristics.

  • novel solar cell power supply system using a multiple input dc dc converter
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006
    Co-Authors: K Kobayashi, Hirofumi Matsuo, Y Sekine
    Abstract:

    Recently, the clean electric power generation systems have attracted a great deal of social attention to exploit the clean-energy resources such as solar arrays, wind generators, fuel cells, and so forth. In this case, a multiple-input dc–dc converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load from the power sources. The novel solar-cell power supply system using the buck–boost-type two-input dc–dc converter is proposed, in which a solar array and a commercial ac line are employed as power sources and are combined by two input windings of the energy-Storage Reactor. Also, its operation principle and performance characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the solar-cell optimum-operating-point tracker is proposed and examined. It is confirmed by the experiment that the proposed solar-cell power supply system has excellent performance characteristics.

  • Novel solar cell power supply system using the multiple-input DC-DC converter
    INTELEC - Twentieth International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Cat. No.98CH36263), 1998
    Co-Authors: H. Matsuo, K Kobayashi, Y Sekine, M. Asano, Lin Wenzhong
    Abstract:

    Recently, clean electric power generation systems have attracted a great deal of social attention to exploit clean energy resources such as solar arrays, wind generators, fuel cells, etc. In this case, the multiple-input DC-DC power converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load. The novel solar cell power supply system using the buck-boost type two-input DC-DC converter is proposed, in which the solar array and the commercial AC line are exploited as power sources and they are combined by the two input windings of the energy-Storage Reactor. Also, its operation principle and performance characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the solar cell optimum operating point tracker is proposed and examined. It is confirmed by the experiment that the proposed solar cell power supply system has the excellent performance characteristics.

Christian Sattler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Solar thermochemical heat Storage via the Co3O4/CoO looping cycle: Storage Reactor modelling and experimental validation
    Solar Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abhishek Singh, Stefania Tescari, Gunnar Lantin, Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermochemical energy Storage (TCES) systems utilize reversible reactions to store solar energy in chemical form. The present work focuses on the cobalt/cobaltous oxide (Co3O4/CoO pair) based redox cycle in which the active oxide is coated on a cordierite honeycomb structure. During the redox cycle, cobalt oxide uptakes and releases oxygen from/to an air stream coming in direct contact with it. Thus air acts as a reaction medium as well as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this configuration, the Storage material works as a heat Storage medium and also a heat exchanger. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model to simulate the heat and mass transfer and the chemical reaction in the thermochemical heat Storage Reactor has been developed. Experimental results from a 74 kW hth-capacity prototype Reactor installed at the Solar Tower Julich test facility, Germany, were used to validate the numerical model. The time-dependent boundary conditions in the form of inlet temperature and inlet mass flow rate from the experiments were employed in the numerical model. The temperatures of the redox material at different locations inside the prototype thermochemical Storage/heat exchanger Reactor were used for the numerical model validation. Total energy stored/released (sensible as well as chemical) during the experiments was also compared with the numerical model results. From this study, it is concluded that the numerical model can accurately predict charging/discharging processes for the cobalt oxide based thermochemical Storage Reactor system for multiple redox looping cycles. The model allows a better understanding of the complete process and helps to identify the effect of variation of boundary conditions on the system.

  • solar thermochemical heat Storage via the co3o4 coo looping cycle Storage Reactor modelling and experimental validation
    Solar Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abhishek Singh, Stefania Tescari, Gunnar Lantin, Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermochemical energy Storage (TCES) systems utilize reversible reactions to store solar energy in chemical form. The present work focuses on the cobalt/cobaltous oxide (Co3O4/CoO pair) based redox cycle in which the active oxide is coated on a cordierite honeycomb structure. During the redox cycle, cobalt oxide uptakes and releases oxygen from/to an air stream coming in direct contact with it. Thus air acts as a reaction medium as well as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this configuration, the Storage material works as a heat Storage medium and also a heat exchanger. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model to simulate the heat and mass transfer and the chemical reaction in the thermochemical heat Storage Reactor has been developed. Experimental results from a 74 kW hth-capacity prototype Reactor installed at the Solar Tower Julich test facility, Germany, were used to validate the numerical model. The time-dependent boundary conditions in the form of inlet temperature and inlet mass flow rate from the experiments were employed in the numerical model. The temperatures of the redox material at different locations inside the prototype thermochemical Storage/heat exchanger Reactor were used for the numerical model validation. Total energy stored/released (sensible as well as chemical) during the experiments was also compared with the numerical model results. From this study, it is concluded that the numerical model can accurately predict charging/discharging processes for the cobalt oxide based thermochemical Storage Reactor system for multiple redox looping cycles. The model allows a better understanding of the complete process and helps to identify the effect of variation of boundary conditions on the system.

  • Redox-oxide-based modular structures of porous ceramic foams and honeycombs for efficient sensible/thermochemical solar energy Storage
    2016
    Co-Authors: Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, Lamark De Oliveira, Christian Sattler
    Abstract:

    The current, sensible regenerative heat Storage in porous solid materials in air-operated solar thermal plants can be hybridized with thermochemical Storage within the same volume via coating the heat exchange modules with oxides of multivalent metals undergoing reduction/oxidation reactions accompanied by heat effects (e.g. Co3O4/CoO, Mn2O3/Mn3O4) or by manufacturing them entirely of such oxides. In this way solar-heated air from the receiver in addition to sensibly heating the porous solid can induce the endothermic chemical reduction of the oxide from its state with the higher metal valence to that of the lower; the thermal energy can be entirely recovered by the reverse exothermic oxidation reaction (in addition to sensible heat) during off-sun operation. The construction modularity of these systems provides for the design of the entire Storage Reactor/heat exchanger as a structure with rational 3-D spatial variation of redox oxide materials chemistry and solid material porosity, tailored to the local temperature and flow conditions, to enhance the utilization of the heat transfer fluid and the Storage of its enthalpy. Comparative sensible-only and sensible-thermochemical Storage studies on a variety of redox-oxide-coated porous ceramic honeycomb and foam cascades have been performed from laboratory test rigs up to the level of a solar-irradiated receiver–heat Storage module combination. The effects of oxide composition and porous support on heat Storage efficiency, process cyclability and system longevity are presented and discussed in conjunction to issues for further research.

  • Numerical modeling and experimental validation of a solar thermochemical energy Storage Reactor
    2016
    Co-Authors: Abhishek Singh, Stefania Tescari, Gunnar Lantin, Matthias Lange, Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler
    Abstract:

    Thermochemical energy Storage (TCES) systems utilize reversible reactions to store solar energy in chemical form. Several reversible systems such as oxides carbonation/decarbonation, ammonia-based cycle, hydroxide systems, organic and redox cycles are currently under study. In the aforementioned systems, reactive materials are mainly in the form of fluid or powders. The present work focuses on the cobalt oxide (Co3O4/CoO pair) based redox cycle in which cobalt oxide is coated on a cordierite honeycomb structure. During the redox cycle, cobalt oxide uptakes and releases oxygen from/to an air stream coming in direct contact with it. Thus air acts as a reaction medium as well as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this configuration, the Storage material works as a heat Storage medium and also a heat exchanger. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model to simulate the heat and mass transfer and the chemical reaction in the thermochemical heat Storage Reactor has been developed. Experimental results from a 74 kWhth-capacity prototype Reactor installed at the test facility of Solar Tower Julich, Germany, were used to validate the numerical model. The time-dependent boundary conditions in the form of inlet temperature and inlet mass flow rate from the experiments were employed in the numerical model. The temperatures of the redox material at different locations inside the prototype thermochemical Storage/heat exchanger Reactor were used for the numerical model validation. Total energy stored (sensible as well as chemical) during the experiments was also compared with the numerical model results. From this study, it is concluded that the numerical model can accurately predict charging/discharging processes for the cobalt oxide based thermochemical Storage Reactor system for multiple redox looping cycles. The model allows a better understanding of the complete process and helps to understand the effect of variation of boundary conditions on the system.

K Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Novel Solar-Cell Power Supply System Using a Multiple-Input DC–DC Converter
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006
    Co-Authors: K Kobayashi, Hirofumi Matsuo, Y Sekine
    Abstract:

    Recently, the clean electric power generation systems have attracted a great deal of social attention to exploit the clean-energy resources such as solar arrays, wind generators, fuel cells, and so forth. In this case, a multiple-input dc–dc converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load from the power sources. The novel solar-cell power supply system using the buck–boost-type two-input dc–dc converter is proposed, in which a solar array and a commercial ac line are employed as power sources and are combined by two input windings of the energy-Storage Reactor. Also, its operation principle and performance characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the solar-cell optimum-operating-point tracker is proposed and examined. It is confirmed by the experiment that the proposed solar-cell power supply system has excellent performance characteristics.

  • novel solar cell power supply system using a multiple input dc dc converter
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006
    Co-Authors: K Kobayashi, Hirofumi Matsuo, Y Sekine
    Abstract:

    Recently, the clean electric power generation systems have attracted a great deal of social attention to exploit the clean-energy resources such as solar arrays, wind generators, fuel cells, and so forth. In this case, a multiple-input dc–dc converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load from the power sources. The novel solar-cell power supply system using the buck–boost-type two-input dc–dc converter is proposed, in which a solar array and a commercial ac line are employed as power sources and are combined by two input windings of the energy-Storage Reactor. Also, its operation principle and performance characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the solar-cell optimum-operating-point tracker is proposed and examined. It is confirmed by the experiment that the proposed solar-cell power supply system has excellent performance characteristics.

  • Novel solar cell power supply system using the multiple-input DC-DC converter
    INTELEC - Twentieth International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Cat. No.98CH36263), 1998
    Co-Authors: H. Matsuo, K Kobayashi, Y Sekine, M. Asano, Lin Wenzhong
    Abstract:

    Recently, clean electric power generation systems have attracted a great deal of social attention to exploit clean energy resources such as solar arrays, wind generators, fuel cells, etc. In this case, the multiple-input DC-DC power converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load. The novel solar cell power supply system using the buck-boost type two-input DC-DC converter is proposed, in which the solar array and the commercial AC line are exploited as power sources and they are combined by the two input windings of the energy-Storage Reactor. Also, its operation principle and performance characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the solar cell optimum operating point tracker is proposed and examined. It is confirmed by the experiment that the proposed solar cell power supply system has the excellent performance characteristics.

Abhishek Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Solar thermochemical heat Storage via the Co3O4/CoO looping cycle: Storage Reactor modelling and experimental validation
    Solar Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abhishek Singh, Stefania Tescari, Gunnar Lantin, Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermochemical energy Storage (TCES) systems utilize reversible reactions to store solar energy in chemical form. The present work focuses on the cobalt/cobaltous oxide (Co3O4/CoO pair) based redox cycle in which the active oxide is coated on a cordierite honeycomb structure. During the redox cycle, cobalt oxide uptakes and releases oxygen from/to an air stream coming in direct contact with it. Thus air acts as a reaction medium as well as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this configuration, the Storage material works as a heat Storage medium and also a heat exchanger. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model to simulate the heat and mass transfer and the chemical reaction in the thermochemical heat Storage Reactor has been developed. Experimental results from a 74 kW hth-capacity prototype Reactor installed at the Solar Tower Julich test facility, Germany, were used to validate the numerical model. The time-dependent boundary conditions in the form of inlet temperature and inlet mass flow rate from the experiments were employed in the numerical model. The temperatures of the redox material at different locations inside the prototype thermochemical Storage/heat exchanger Reactor were used for the numerical model validation. Total energy stored/released (sensible as well as chemical) during the experiments was also compared with the numerical model results. From this study, it is concluded that the numerical model can accurately predict charging/discharging processes for the cobalt oxide based thermochemical Storage Reactor system for multiple redox looping cycles. The model allows a better understanding of the complete process and helps to identify the effect of variation of boundary conditions on the system.

  • solar thermochemical heat Storage via the co3o4 coo looping cycle Storage Reactor modelling and experimental validation
    Solar Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abhishek Singh, Stefania Tescari, Gunnar Lantin, Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermochemical energy Storage (TCES) systems utilize reversible reactions to store solar energy in chemical form. The present work focuses on the cobalt/cobaltous oxide (Co3O4/CoO pair) based redox cycle in which the active oxide is coated on a cordierite honeycomb structure. During the redox cycle, cobalt oxide uptakes and releases oxygen from/to an air stream coming in direct contact with it. Thus air acts as a reaction medium as well as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this configuration, the Storage material works as a heat Storage medium and also a heat exchanger. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model to simulate the heat and mass transfer and the chemical reaction in the thermochemical heat Storage Reactor has been developed. Experimental results from a 74 kW hth-capacity prototype Reactor installed at the Solar Tower Julich test facility, Germany, were used to validate the numerical model. The time-dependent boundary conditions in the form of inlet temperature and inlet mass flow rate from the experiments were employed in the numerical model. The temperatures of the redox material at different locations inside the prototype thermochemical Storage/heat exchanger Reactor were used for the numerical model validation. Total energy stored/released (sensible as well as chemical) during the experiments was also compared with the numerical model results. From this study, it is concluded that the numerical model can accurately predict charging/discharging processes for the cobalt oxide based thermochemical Storage Reactor system for multiple redox looping cycles. The model allows a better understanding of the complete process and helps to identify the effect of variation of boundary conditions on the system.

  • Numerical modeling and experimental validation of a solar thermochemical energy Storage Reactor
    2016
    Co-Authors: Abhishek Singh, Stefania Tescari, Gunnar Lantin, Matthias Lange, Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler
    Abstract:

    Thermochemical energy Storage (TCES) systems utilize reversible reactions to store solar energy in chemical form. Several reversible systems such as oxides carbonation/decarbonation, ammonia-based cycle, hydroxide systems, organic and redox cycles are currently under study. In the aforementioned systems, reactive materials are mainly in the form of fluid or powders. The present work focuses on the cobalt oxide (Co3O4/CoO pair) based redox cycle in which cobalt oxide is coated on a cordierite honeycomb structure. During the redox cycle, cobalt oxide uptakes and releases oxygen from/to an air stream coming in direct contact with it. Thus air acts as a reaction medium as well as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this configuration, the Storage material works as a heat Storage medium and also a heat exchanger. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model to simulate the heat and mass transfer and the chemical reaction in the thermochemical heat Storage Reactor has been developed. Experimental results from a 74 kWhth-capacity prototype Reactor installed at the test facility of Solar Tower Julich, Germany, were used to validate the numerical model. The time-dependent boundary conditions in the form of inlet temperature and inlet mass flow rate from the experiments were employed in the numerical model. The temperatures of the redox material at different locations inside the prototype thermochemical Storage/heat exchanger Reactor were used for the numerical model validation. Total energy stored (sensible as well as chemical) during the experiments was also compared with the numerical model results. From this study, it is concluded that the numerical model can accurately predict charging/discharging processes for the cobalt oxide based thermochemical Storage Reactor system for multiple redox looping cycles. The model allows a better understanding of the complete process and helps to understand the effect of variation of boundary conditions on the system.