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Victor Fedorenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification and characterization of the Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 regulatory gene lndYR that affects sporulation and antibiotic production.
Microbiology (Reading England), 2011Co-Authors: Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Maksym Myronovskyy, Olga Tsypik, Iryna Ostash, Oleksandr Kulachkovskyy, Yuriy Datsyuk, Suzanne Walker, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of the Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 gene lndYR, which encodes a GntR-like regulator of the YtrA subfamily. Disruption of lndYR arrested sporulation and antibiotic production in S. Globisporus. The results of in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the ABC transporter genes lndW-lndW2 are targets of LndYR repressive action. In Streptomyces coelicolor M145, lndYR overexpression caused a significant increase in the amount of extracellular actinorhodin. We suggest that lndYR controls the transcription of transport system genes in response to an as-yet-unidentified signal. Features that distinguish lndYR-based regulation from other known regulators are discussed.
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A putative proteinase gene is involved in regulation of landomycin E biosynthesis in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912
FEMS microbiology letters, 2006Co-Authors: Lilia Dutko, Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Andreas Bechthold, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:The prx gene, which is highly homologous to putative proteinases, has been identified by sequencing in the vicinity of the biosynthetic gene cluster for landomycin E (LaE) biosynthesis (lnd) in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912. The S. Globisporus Pro6 gene, deficient in prx, produced fivefold less LaE than the parental strain. The expression of prx in S. Globisporus Pro6 restored LaE production to wild-type levels, whereas expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene lndI did not. The introduction of additional copies of prx into the wild-type strain using a pSG5-based plasmid, pKC1139, led to a 2.7-fold increase in LaE production. These results indicate that prx is a novel regulatory gene for LaE biosynthesis.
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Identification of the function of gene lndM2 encoding a bifunctional oxygenase-reductase involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor antibiotic landomycin E by Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 supports the originally assigned structure for landomycino
The Journal of organic chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Lili Zhu, Bohdan Ostash, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Andreas Bechthold, Carmen Méndez, José A. Salas, Uwe Rix, Mohammad Nur-e-alam, Almuth Mayers, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:The angucycline antibiotic family of the landomycins displays potent antitumor activity. To elucidate early post polyketide synthase (PKS) tailoring steps of the landomycin E biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912, the mutant S. Globisporus M12 was prepared through gene replacement experiment of lndM2. It encodes an enzyme with putative oxygenase and reductase domains, according to sequencing of the gene and its counterpart lanM2 from S. cyanogenus S136 landomycin A biosynthetic gene cluster. The isolation of the novel shunt products 11-hydroxytetrangomycin and 4-hydroxytetrangomycin along with the well-known angucyclines tetrangomycin and tetrangulol from the culture of S. Globisporus M12 provides evidence for the involvement of lndM2 in the early biosynthetic pathway of the landomycins, in particular in the formation of the alicyclic 6-hydroxy function of the landomycin aglycon. We therefore propose LndM2 to be responsible for both hydroxylation of the 6-position and its subsequent reduction. These reactions are necessary before the glycosylation reactions can occur. The results are in agreement with the originally published structure of landomycin but do not support the recently suggested revised structure.
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Generation of landomycin D-producing strain Streptomyces Globisporus LD3.
Folia microbiologica, 2005Co-Authors: Bohdan Ostash, I. Kozarevska, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Rhodinosyl transferase geneIndGT4, governing the conversion of the disaccharide oligoketide (‘polyketide’) landomycin D into a trisaccharide derivative landomycin E, was deleted inStreptomyces Globisporus 1912 genome. Possible resistance mechanisms that protect the resulting landomycin D-producing mutant strainS. Globisporus LD3 against the toxic action of landomycins were determined.
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Generation of Streptomyces Globisporus SMY622 strain with increased landomycin E production and it's initial characterization
The Journal of antibiotics, 2004Co-Authors: Oleksandr Gromyko, Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Masahiro Fukuhara, Andreas Bechthold, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Landomycin E (LaE) overproducing strain Streptomyces Globisporus SMY6222 has been developed using UV induced mutagenesis and selection for streptomycin resistance. SMY622 has been shown by HPLC to produce 200-fold higher amounts of LaE when comparing with parental strain. The levels of transcription of regulatory gene lndI and oxygenase gene lndE are two times higher in the mutant than in the wild type. Gene rpsL for ribosomal protein S12 from SMY622 was shown to contain point mutation K43R. Possible reasons for increased LaE synthesis in SMY622 are discussed.
Seung Bum Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reassessment of the status of Streptomyces setonii and reclassification of Streptomyces fimicarius as a later synonym of
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Kyoung-ok Kim, Kwang-soo Shin, Mi Na Kim, Kee-sun Shin, David P. Labeda, Ji-hye Han, Seung Bum KimAbstract:The 16S rRNA and gyrB genes of 22 Streptomyces strains belonging to the Streptomyces griseus cluster were sequenced, and their taxonomic positions were re-evaluated. For correct analysis, all of the publicly available sequences of the species were collected and compared with those obtained in this study. Species for which no consensus sequence could be identified were excluded from the phylogenetic analysis. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity within the cluster ranged from 98.6 to 100 % with a mean value of 99.6±0.3 %, and those of the gyrB gene ranged from 93.6 to 99.9 % with a mean value of 96.3±1.5 %. The observed average nucleotide substitution rate of the gyrB gene was ten times higher than that of the 16S rRNA gene, showing a far higher degree of variation. Strains sharing 99.3 % or more gyrB sequence similarity (corresponding to an evolutionary distance of 0.0073) always formed monophyletic groups in both trees. Through the combined analysis of the two genes, clear cases of synonymy could be identified and, according to the priority rule, the assertion of the status of Streptomyces setonii as a distinct species and the reclassification of Streptomyces fimicarius as a later synonym of S. setonii and Streptomyces albovinaceus as a later synonym of Streptomyces Globisporus are proposed. Emended descriptions of S. setonii and S. Globisporus are provided.
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Reassessment of the status of Streptomyces setonii and reclassification of Streptomyces fimicarius as a later synonym of Streptomyces setonii and Streptomyces albovinaceus as a later synonym of Streptomyces Globisporus based on combined 16S rRNA/gyrB
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Kyoung-ok Kim, Kwang-soo Shin, Mi Na Kim, Kee-sun Shin, David P. Labeda, Ji-hye Han, Seung Bum KimAbstract:The 16S rRNA and gyrB genes of 22 Streptomyces strains belonging to the Streptomyces griseus cluster were sequenced, and their taxonomic positions were re-evaluated. For correct analysis, all of the publicly available sequences of the species were collected and compared with those obtained in this study. Species for which no consensus sequence could be identified were excluded from the phylogenetic analysis. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity within the cluster ranged from 98.6 to 100 % with a mean value of 99.6±0.3 %, and those of the gyrB gene ranged from 93.6 to 99.9 % with a mean value of 96.3±1.5 %. The observed average nucleotide substitution rate of the gyrB gene was ten times higher than that of the 16S rRNA gene, showing a far higher degree of variation. Strains sharing 99.3 % or more gyrB sequence similarity (corresponding to an evolutionary distance of 0.0073) always formed monophyletic groups in both trees. Through the combined analysis of the two genes, clear cases of synonymy could be identified and, according to the priority rule, the assertion of the status of Streptomyces setonii as a distinct species and the reclassification of Streptomyces fimicarius as a later synonym of S. setonii and Streptomyces albovinaceus as a later synonym of Streptomyces Globisporus are proposed. Emended descriptions of S. setonii and S. Globisporus are provided.
Tom Hsiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of volatile substances of Streptomyces Globisporus JK-1 on control of Botrytis cinerea on tomato fruit.
Biological Control, 2012Co-Authors: Ping Ning, Lu Zheng, Junbin Huang, Tom HsiangAbstract:Abstract Volatile substances produced by Streptomyces Globisporus JK-1 grown on autoclaved wheat seed inhibited Botrytis cinerea growth and development both on media and in inoculated tomato fruit. The volatiles suppressed mycelial growth of various plant pathogens in vitro , especially that of B. cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . Conidial germination and sporulation of B. cinerea were also suppressed. Disease incidence and severity on wound-inoculated tomato fruit ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) were inhibited when fumigated with 120 g wheat seed culture of S. Globisporus JK-1 per liter of airspace in treatment containers. Suppression of the infection process of B. cinerea on tomato fruit was observed via scanning microscopy, showing inhibition of conidial germination and of appressorial formation on tomato fruit, as well as abnormal morphology of appressoria and conidia. The viability of the conidia obtained from the volatile-treated and non-treated disease lesions was tested with the vital stains fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI). Conidia fumigated with 30, 60 or 120 g/L wheat seed culture of S. Globisporus JK-1 at 20 °C for 6 days showed 46.0%, 69.8%, or 80.9% reduction in viability, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy of fumigated and untreated B. cinerea showed excessive vesiculation or thickened cell walls in exposed conidia and increased vesiculation or strong retraction of plasma membrane in exposed hyphae. These results provide a better understanding of the mode of action of volatiles from JK-1 on B. cinerea . The inhibition growth of B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo showed that volatiles from S. Globisporus JK-1 have the potential for control of postharvest grey mold of tomato fruits through fumigant action.
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Suppression of Magnaporthe oryzae by culture filtrates of Streptomyces Globisporus JK-1
Biological Control, 2011Co-Authors: Yinhui Jiang, Ping Ning, Lu Zheng, Junbin Huang, Daohong Jiang, Tom HsiangAbstract:Abstract An isolate, JK-1, was obtained as a contaminant from a fungal culture, and identified as Streptomyces Globisporus. In dual cultures on solid media, this strain suppressed mycelial growth of numerous plant pathogenic fungi, especially that of Magnaporthe oryzae, Bipolaris maydis and Cryphonectria parasitica. Culture filtrates of JK-1 inhibited mycelial growth of M. oryzae, and histological investigations showed that conidial germination and appressorial formation of M. oryzae were suppressed on detached rice leaves. When applied at 15 μl per 5-cm-long detached leaf, washed cells of JK-1 at 108 CFU/ml could suppress disease incidence of rice blast caused by M. oryzae co-inoculated at 5 × 105 spores/ml, but disease incidence was not reduced when washed cells of JK-1 were used at 106 or 107 CFU/ml. Applying the culture filtrate on rice seedlings in the greenhouse at 2 h post inoculation (HPI) with M. oryzae showed 88.3% disease reduction of rice blast, while culture filtrate application before pathogen inoculation showed even higher rates of disease reduction. Suppression of the infection process of M. oryzae on detached rice leaves was observed by light and scanning electron microscopy, showing inhibited conidial germination and reduced appressorial formation on rice leaves sprayed with culture filtrate before 3 HPI. Application of JK-1 as cells or culture filtrates to plant tissues did not cause any noticeable negative effects. These results indicate that the antifungal substance(s) in the culture filtrate of S. Globisporus JK-1 can exhibit an inhibitory effect on M. oryzae and a suppressive effect on rice blast disease.
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fumigant activity of volatiles of Streptomyces Globisporus jk 1 against penicillium italicum on citrus microcarpa
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Ping Ning, Lu Zheng, Junbin Huang, Tom HsiangAbstract:Abstract Antifungal activity against Penicillium italicum of volatile substances from Streptomyces Globisporus JK-1 grown on autoclaved wheat seed was studied in vitro and in planta. Fungal spore germination and mycelial growth of P. italicum cultures as well as sporulation and disease incidence on fungal-inoculated fruit were suppressed in the presence of the volatiles. For naturally infected fruit, disease incidence was reduced from 25% to 7.5%. Suppression of the infection process of P. italicum on Shatang Mandarin fruit ( Citrus microcarpa ) was observed via scanning electronic microscopy, showing inhibited spore germination on the Shatang Mandarin, and abnormal morphology for conidiophores and hyphae exposed to the volatiles. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometric analyses, 41 volatile organic compounds were identified from the volatiles of S. Globisporus JK-1, and the most abundant compound was trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin), an earthy smelling substance. Among these, technical grade formulations of eight were chosen for further study: phenylethyl alcohol, caryophyllene, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, acetophenone, d -limonene, isoledene, and aromadendrene. d -Limonene, isoledene and aromadendrene showed no observable antifungal activity in vitro and in planta at tested concentrations. Both phenylethyl alcohol and caryophyllene showed weak inhibitory activity in vitro but no significant efficacy against P. italicum on Shatang Mandarin. Dimethyl disulfide or dimethyl trisulfide showed antifungal activity in vitro and efficacious control on Shatang Mandarin at a concentration of 100 μL L −1 of airspace in treatment containers. Acetophenone showed antifungal activity in vitro at a concentration of 100 μL L −1 and efficacious control on Shatang Mandarin at the highest concentration of 1000 μL L −1 . Volatiles from S. Globisporus JK-1 have potential for control of blue mold of citrus species through fumigant action.
Andreas Bechthold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A putative proteinase gene is involved in regulation of landomycin E biosynthesis in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912
FEMS microbiology letters, 2006Co-Authors: Lilia Dutko, Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Andreas Bechthold, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:The prx gene, which is highly homologous to putative proteinases, has been identified by sequencing in the vicinity of the biosynthetic gene cluster for landomycin E (LaE) biosynthesis (lnd) in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912. The S. Globisporus Pro6 gene, deficient in prx, produced fivefold less LaE than the parental strain. The expression of prx in S. Globisporus Pro6 restored LaE production to wild-type levels, whereas expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene lndI did not. The introduction of additional copies of prx into the wild-type strain using a pSG5-based plasmid, pKC1139, led to a 2.7-fold increase in LaE production. These results indicate that prx is a novel regulatory gene for LaE biosynthesis.
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Identification of the function of gene lndM2 encoding a bifunctional oxygenase-reductase involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor antibiotic landomycin E by Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 supports the originally assigned structure for landomycino
The Journal of organic chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Lili Zhu, Bohdan Ostash, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Andreas Bechthold, Carmen Méndez, José A. Salas, Uwe Rix, Mohammad Nur-e-alam, Almuth Mayers, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:The angucycline antibiotic family of the landomycins displays potent antitumor activity. To elucidate early post polyketide synthase (PKS) tailoring steps of the landomycin E biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912, the mutant S. Globisporus M12 was prepared through gene replacement experiment of lndM2. It encodes an enzyme with putative oxygenase and reductase domains, according to sequencing of the gene and its counterpart lanM2 from S. cyanogenus S136 landomycin A biosynthetic gene cluster. The isolation of the novel shunt products 11-hydroxytetrangomycin and 4-hydroxytetrangomycin along with the well-known angucyclines tetrangomycin and tetrangulol from the culture of S. Globisporus M12 provides evidence for the involvement of lndM2 in the early biosynthetic pathway of the landomycins, in particular in the formation of the alicyclic 6-hydroxy function of the landomycin aglycon. We therefore propose LndM2 to be responsible for both hydroxylation of the 6-position and its subsequent reduction. These reactions are necessary before the glycosylation reactions can occur. The results are in agreement with the originally published structure of landomycin but do not support the recently suggested revised structure.
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Generation of Streptomyces Globisporus SMY622 strain with increased landomycin E production and it's initial characterization
The Journal of antibiotics, 2004Co-Authors: Oleksandr Gromyko, Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Masahiro Fukuhara, Andreas Bechthold, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Landomycin E (LaE) overproducing strain Streptomyces Globisporus SMY6222 has been developed using UV induced mutagenesis and selection for streptomycin resistance. SMY622 has been shown by HPLC to produce 200-fold higher amounts of LaE when comparing with parental strain. The levels of transcription of regulatory gene lndI and oxygenase gene lndE are two times higher in the mutant than in the wild type. Gene rpsL for ribosomal protein S12 from SMY622 was shown to contain point mutation K43R. Possible reasons for increased LaE synthesis in SMY622 are discussed.
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Generation of Streptomyces Globisporus SMY622 Strain with Increased Landomycin E Production and It's Initial Characterization
2004Co-Authors: Andreas Bechthold, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Landomycin E (LaE) overproducing strain Streptomyces Globisporus SMY6222 has been developed using UV induced mutagenesis and selection for streptomycin resistance. SMY622 has been shown by HPLC to produce 200-fold higher amounts of LaE when comparing with parental strain. The levels of transcription of regulatory gene Indl and oxygenase gene IndE are two times higher in the mutant than in the wild type. Gene rpsL for ribosomal protein S12 from SMY622 was shown to contain point mutation K43R. Possible reasons for increased LaE synthesis in SMY622 are discussed. Improvement of production of clinically or industrially valuable antibiotics in bacteria is of great economic importance. The low level production is found in strains producing both natural and so called "hybrid " antibiotics (resulted from heterologous gene expression or gene knockout experiments). Great variety of gene and cellular engineering methods as well as random mutagenesis is used to increase the production of desired compounds
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Production of landomycins in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 and S cyanogenus S136 is regulated by genes encoding putative transcriptional activators.
FEMS microbiology letters, 2003Co-Authors: Yuriy Rebets, Bohdan Ostash, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Andreas Bechthold, Dirk Hoffmeister, A. Braňa, Carmen Méndez, José A. Salas, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:The regulatory genes lanI and lndI have been cloned from the landomycin A (LaA) producer Streptomyces cyanogenus S136 and from the landomycin E (LaE) producer Streptomyces Globisporus 1912, respectively and both have been sequenced. A culture of S. Globisporus I2-1 carrying a disrupted lndI gene did not produce LaE and other related intermediates. Complementation of S. Globisporus I2-1 with either the lndI or lanI gene reconstituted LaE production indicating that LanI and LndI are involved in activation of structural genes in the respective clusters. Structural features of these regulatory genes are discussed.
Bohdan Ostash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification and characterization of the Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 regulatory gene lndYR that affects sporulation and antibiotic production.
Microbiology (Reading England), 2011Co-Authors: Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Maksym Myronovskyy, Olga Tsypik, Iryna Ostash, Oleksandr Kulachkovskyy, Yuriy Datsyuk, Suzanne Walker, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of the Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 gene lndYR, which encodes a GntR-like regulator of the YtrA subfamily. Disruption of lndYR arrested sporulation and antibiotic production in S. Globisporus. The results of in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the ABC transporter genes lndW-lndW2 are targets of LndYR repressive action. In Streptomyces coelicolor M145, lndYR overexpression caused a significant increase in the amount of extracellular actinorhodin. We suggest that lndYR controls the transcription of transport system genes in response to an as-yet-unidentified signal. Features that distinguish lndYR-based regulation from other known regulators are discussed.
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A putative proteinase gene is involved in regulation of landomycin E biosynthesis in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912
FEMS microbiology letters, 2006Co-Authors: Lilia Dutko, Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Andreas Bechthold, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:The prx gene, which is highly homologous to putative proteinases, has been identified by sequencing in the vicinity of the biosynthetic gene cluster for landomycin E (LaE) biosynthesis (lnd) in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912. The S. Globisporus Pro6 gene, deficient in prx, produced fivefold less LaE than the parental strain. The expression of prx in S. Globisporus Pro6 restored LaE production to wild-type levels, whereas expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene lndI did not. The introduction of additional copies of prx into the wild-type strain using a pSG5-based plasmid, pKC1139, led to a 2.7-fold increase in LaE production. These results indicate that prx is a novel regulatory gene for LaE biosynthesis.
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Identification of the function of gene lndM2 encoding a bifunctional oxygenase-reductase involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor antibiotic landomycin E by Streptomyces Globisporus 1912 supports the originally assigned structure for landomycino
The Journal of organic chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Lili Zhu, Bohdan Ostash, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Andreas Bechthold, Carmen Méndez, José A. Salas, Uwe Rix, Mohammad Nur-e-alam, Almuth Mayers, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:The angucycline antibiotic family of the landomycins displays potent antitumor activity. To elucidate early post polyketide synthase (PKS) tailoring steps of the landomycin E biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces Globisporus 1912, the mutant S. Globisporus M12 was prepared through gene replacement experiment of lndM2. It encodes an enzyme with putative oxygenase and reductase domains, according to sequencing of the gene and its counterpart lanM2 from S. cyanogenus S136 landomycin A biosynthetic gene cluster. The isolation of the novel shunt products 11-hydroxytetrangomycin and 4-hydroxytetrangomycin along with the well-known angucyclines tetrangomycin and tetrangulol from the culture of S. Globisporus M12 provides evidence for the involvement of lndM2 in the early biosynthetic pathway of the landomycins, in particular in the formation of the alicyclic 6-hydroxy function of the landomycin aglycon. We therefore propose LndM2 to be responsible for both hydroxylation of the 6-position and its subsequent reduction. These reactions are necessary before the glycosylation reactions can occur. The results are in agreement with the originally published structure of landomycin but do not support the recently suggested revised structure.
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Generation of landomycin D-producing strain Streptomyces Globisporus LD3.
Folia microbiologica, 2005Co-Authors: Bohdan Ostash, I. Kozarevska, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Rhodinosyl transferase geneIndGT4, governing the conversion of the disaccharide oligoketide (‘polyketide’) landomycin D into a trisaccharide derivative landomycin E, was deleted inStreptomyces Globisporus 1912 genome. Possible resistance mechanisms that protect the resulting landomycin D-producing mutant strainS. Globisporus LD3 against the toxic action of landomycins were determined.
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Generation of Streptomyces Globisporus SMY622 strain with increased landomycin E production and it's initial characterization
The Journal of antibiotics, 2004Co-Authors: Oleksandr Gromyko, Bohdan Ostash, Yuriy Rebets, Andriy Luzhetskyy, Masahiro Fukuhara, Andreas Bechthold, Tatsunosuke Nakamura, Victor FedorenkoAbstract:Landomycin E (LaE) overproducing strain Streptomyces Globisporus SMY6222 has been developed using UV induced mutagenesis and selection for streptomycin resistance. SMY622 has been shown by HPLC to produce 200-fold higher amounts of LaE when comparing with parental strain. The levels of transcription of regulatory gene lndI and oxygenase gene lndE are two times higher in the mutant than in the wild type. Gene rpsL for ribosomal protein S12 from SMY622 was shown to contain point mutation K43R. Possible reasons for increased LaE synthesis in SMY622 are discussed.